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Dr. Ana Cristina Gonçalves
Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto Mediterrânico de Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (MED), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-544 Évora, Portugal

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0 Biomass
0 Forest Management
0 Modeling
0 Silviculture
0 Forest planning integrated in a GIS environment

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Studies that quantify forest bioenergy potentials hardly address the questions of site quality, proportion and type of residues removed from the stands, and environmental impacts of those removals. However, those factors are important for energy-potential results and forest sustainability. This study compares, in terms of residual biomass availability for energy production and of sustainability, different locations, site indices, and forest management strategies in Eucalyptus globulus stands for pulp and paper in northern and central Portugal. A growth and production simulator was used to calculate the availability of residues and the area needed to supply a biomass-fired power plant under a variety of scenarios. Regions with more rainfall generate more residues, but site index and quantity and type of residues harvested are the most important factors. Under the different scenarios analyzed, the amount of residues potentially harvested range from 0.7 to 4.3 Mg ha−1 a−1, the upper bound corresponding to a scenario where stumps are valorized. The maximization of residue removal maximizes the bioenergy produced but has to be considered prudently. Studies indicate that stump removal has limited effect on Eucalyptus globulus stand productivity, diversity, and system sustainability, but impacts of residue removals increase with a decrease in site index.

ACS Style

Isabel Malico; Ana Gonçalves. Eucalyptus globulus Coppices in Portugal: Influence of Site and Percentage of Residues Collected for Energy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5775 .

AMA Style

Isabel Malico, Ana Gonçalves. Eucalyptus globulus Coppices in Portugal: Influence of Site and Percentage of Residues Collected for Energy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Malico; Ana Gonçalves. 2021. "Eucalyptus globulus Coppices in Portugal: Influence of Site and Percentage of Residues Collected for Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5775.

Article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Agroforestry Systems
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Pinus pinea stands have been identified as one of the target species for agroforestry systems in Europe. Its fruit yield is of importance to the local development, especially in the Mediterranean basin, due to its highly nutritional kernels and its economic value. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relation between pine nut and kernel weight and its efficiencies in relation to cone and tree traits for different stand structures. The statistical analysis was carried out with correlation, multiple correlation analysis, hurdle-gamma regression, principal component and cluster analysis, with a dataset of about 3300 cones collected in four plots and 3 years. The results indicate that pine nut and kernel and its efficiencies depend on stand structure, year and tree characteristics. The principal component analysis and the cluster analysis enabled the identification of four groups of trees related to the pine nut and kernel efficiencies. The higher efficiencies per tree are attained in stands managed for fruit production, increasing with the decrease of the density.

ACS Style

Anabela Afonso; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Dulce G. Pereira. Pinus pinea (L.) nut and kernel productivity in relation to cone, tree and stand characteristics. Agroforestry Systems 2020, 94, 2065 -2079.

AMA Style

Anabela Afonso, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Dulce G. Pereira. Pinus pinea (L.) nut and kernel productivity in relation to cone, tree and stand characteristics. Agroforestry Systems. 2020; 94 (5):2065-2079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anabela Afonso; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Dulce G. Pereira. 2020. "Pinus pinea (L.) nut and kernel productivity in relation to cone, tree and stand characteristics." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 5: 2065-2079.

Article
Published: 02 June 2018 in Agroforestry Systems
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Forest biomass has been having an increasing importance in the world economy and in the evaluation of the forests development and monitoring. The main goal of this study is the development of functions for the estimation of aboveground biomass, using crown cover as independent variable, for Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea in agroforestry systems, both for monospecies and multispecies stands, based on Portuguese data. Crown cover per specie was derived from crown horizontal projection obtained by processing very high spatial resolution satellite images (Quickbird and Worldview-2), with contrast split segmentation method and object-oriented classification. The stand species composition distinguished species and monospecies from multispecies stands. The best model was the one with crown cover and dummy variables for composition as explanatory variables, reflecting the differences between species and stand structure. Aboveground biomass with this function should ideally be calculated with the grid areas applied in this study, though similar accuracies can be obtained for other grid sizes.

ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia M. O. Sousa; Paulo Mesquita. Functions for aboveground biomass estimation derived from satellite images data in Mediterranean agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 2018, 93, 1485 -1500.

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Adélia M. O. Sousa, Paulo Mesquita. Functions for aboveground biomass estimation derived from satellite images data in Mediterranean agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems. 2018; 93 (4):1485-1500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia M. O. Sousa; Paulo Mesquita. 2018. "Functions for aboveground biomass estimation derived from satellite images data in Mediterranean agroforestry systems." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 4: 1485-1500.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2018 in JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture
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ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. Stand Structure Alterations in Forest Stands. JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture 2018, 1, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. Stand Structure Alterations in Forest Stands. JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture. 2018; 1 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. 2018. "Stand Structure Alterations in Forest Stands." JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture 1, no. 3: 1.

Book chapter
Published: 08 November 2017 in Mediterranean Identities - Environment, Society, Culture
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Forest fires are a common disturbance in many forest systems in the world and in particular in the Mediterranean region. Their origins can be either natural or anthropogenic. The effects in regard to the time trends, vegetation, and soil will be reflected in the species distribution, forest composition, and soil potential productivity. In general, it can be said that the larger the fire and the shorter the time between two consecutive occurrences, the higher the probability to originate shifts in vegetation and soil degradation. In the Mediterranean region, the number of fire ignitions does not reflect the burnt area due to the occurrence of very large fires. The latter occur in a very small proportion of the number of ignitions, but result in very large burnt areas. Also there seems to be an increasing trend toward larger fires in the Mediterranean region due mainly to climatic and land use changes. This case study highlights the importance of vegetation regrowth a short time after the fire to maintain both forest systems and soil conservation.

ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia Sousa. The Fire in the Mediterranean Region: A Case Study of Forest Fires in Portugal. Mediterranean Identities - Environment, Society, Culture 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Adélia Sousa. The Fire in the Mediterranean Region: A Case Study of Forest Fires in Portugal. Mediterranean Identities - Environment, Society, Culture. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia Sousa. 2017. "The Fire in the Mediterranean Region: A Case Study of Forest Fires in Portugal." Mediterranean Identities - Environment, Society, Culture , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Biomass estimation is a tool for evaluating stands and forest dynamics. Traditional indirect methods use forest inventories and allometric functions at tree level to evaluate biomass at plot level, and an extrapolation method to assess an area. The goal of this study was the development of allometric functions for Pinus pinaster with crown horizontal projection derived from very high spatial resolution satellite images as an independent variable, as well as their application to the analysis of above ground biomass dynamics. The fitted functions show a good performance. The function used to estimate the above ground biomass per grid in 2004, 2007 and 2011 for the study area enable the evaluation of their temporal dynamics. From 2004 to 2007 it decreased in 90.5% of the study area, due to forest fires and cuts to control the pinewood nematode; from 2007 to 2011 increased in 45.6% and decreased in 51.6%, the latter corresponding to cuts to control the aforementioned disease. In 76.4% of the burnt areas, natural regeneration resulted in an increase of above ground biomass. The method's main advantages are the simultaneous evaluation of small or large areas and, when implemented in a GIS, it allows straightforward monitoring over a short period of time

ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia Sousa; Paulo G. Mesquita. Estimation and dynamics of above ground biomass with very high resolution satellite images in Pinus pinaster stands. Biomass and Bioenergy 2017, 106, 146 -154.

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Adélia Sousa, Paulo G. Mesquita. Estimation and dynamics of above ground biomass with very high resolution satellite images in Pinus pinaster stands. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017; 106 ():146-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Adélia Sousa; Paulo G. Mesquita. 2017. "Estimation and dynamics of above ground biomass with very high resolution satellite images in Pinus pinaster stands." Biomass and Bioenergy 106, no. : 146-154.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Scientia Forestalis
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ACS Style

Fabrício Lopes de Macedo; Adélia Maria De Oliveira Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Hélio Ricardo Silva; Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues. Estimativa do volume de madeira para Eucalyptus sp. com imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. Scientia Forestalis 2017, 45, 1 .

AMA Style

Fabrício Lopes de Macedo, Adélia Maria De Oliveira Sousa, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Hélio Ricardo Silva, Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues. Estimativa do volume de madeira para Eucalyptus sp. com imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. Scientia Forestalis. 2017; 45 (114):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabrício Lopes de Macedo; Adélia Maria De Oliveira Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Hélio Ricardo Silva; Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues. 2017. "Estimativa do volume de madeira para Eucalyptus sp. com imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial." Scientia Forestalis 45, no. 114: 1.

Book chapter
Published: 19 April 2017 in Forest Ecology and Conservation
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ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives. Forest Ecology and Conservation 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives. Forest Ecology and Conservation. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves. 2017. "Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives." Forest Ecology and Conservation , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 22 February 2017 in Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy
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ACS Style

Adélia M. O. Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; José R. Marques Da Silva. Above‐Ground Biomass Estimation with High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images. Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Adélia M. O. Sousa, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, José R. Marques Da Silva. Above‐Ground Biomass Estimation with High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images. Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adélia M. O. Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; José R. Marques Da Silva. 2017. "Above‐Ground Biomass Estimation with High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images." Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Defect and Diffusion Forum
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In 2014, Portugal was the seventh largest pellets producer in the World. Since the shortage of raw material is one of the major obstacles that the Portuguese pellets market faces, the need for a good assessment of biomass availability for energy purposes at both country and regional levels is reinforced. This work uses a Geographical Information System environment and remote sensing data to assess the availability and sustainability of forest biomass residues in a management unit with around 940 ha of maritime pine forest. The period considered goes from 2004 to 2015. The study area is located in Southwestern Portugal, close to a pellets factory; therefore the potential contribution of the residual biomass generated in the management unit to the production of pellets is evaluated. An allometric function is used for the estimation of maritime pine above ground biomass. With this estimate, and considering several forest operations, the residual biomass available was assessed, according to stand composition and structure. This study shows that, when maritime pine forests are managed to produce wood, the amount of residues available for energy production is small (an average of 0.37 t ha-1 year-1 were generated in the study area between 2004 and 2015). As a contribution to the sustainability of the Portuguese pellets industries, new management models for maritime pine forests may be developed. The effect of the pinewood nematode on the availability of residual biomass can be clearly seen in this study. In the management unit considered, cuts were made to prevent dissemination of the disease. This contributes to a higher availability of forest residues in a specific period of time, but, in the medium term, they lead to a decrease in the amount of residues that can be used for energy purposes.

ACS Style

Isabel Malico; A.C. Gonçalves; A. Sousa. Assessment of the Availability of Forest Biomass for Biofuels Production in Southwestern Portugal. Defect and Diffusion Forum 2017, 371, 121 -127.

AMA Style

Isabel Malico, A.C. Gonçalves, A. Sousa. Assessment of the Availability of Forest Biomass for Biofuels Production in Southwestern Portugal. Defect and Diffusion Forum. 2017; 371 ():121-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Malico; A.C. Gonçalves; A. Sousa. 2017. "Assessment of the Availability of Forest Biomass for Biofuels Production in Southwestern Portugal." Defect and Diffusion Forum 371, no. : 121-127.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2016 in Agroforestry Systems
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Most umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands are managed as agroforestry systems, whose main production is fruit, due to the edible and highly nutritious kernels, and are frequently associated to natural or seeded pastures and grazing. The stands have low density, in order to enhance crown growth and fruit production. Nevertheless, cone production, both with regard to number and weight, varies greatly between stands, trees and years. In this study were selected three agroforestry systems, representative of umbrella pine stands whose main production is fruit, and one stand representative of the timber production system, where fruit is the secondary production. It was evaluated the variability in cone production as a function of the tree’s diameter at breast height and crown diameter and the individual tree’s competition status. The results indicate that stands managed in agroforestry systems with lower competition and individuals with larger diameter at breast height and crown diameter tend to produce more and heavier cones per tree. The first two principal components of the principal component analysis explain 84 % of the variance in cone production, trees’ dimensions and competition index. Tree competition status has a negative impact on production per tree

ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Anabela Afonso; Dulce Pereira; Anacleto Pinheiro. Influence of umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) stand type and tree characteristics on cone production. Agroforestry Systems 2016, 91, 1019 -1030.

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Anabela Afonso, Dulce Pereira, Anacleto Pinheiro. Influence of umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) stand type and tree characteristics on cone production. Agroforestry Systems. 2016; 91 (6):1019-1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Anabela Afonso; Dulce Pereira; Anacleto Pinheiro. 2016. "Influence of umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) stand type and tree characteristics on cone production." Agroforestry Systems 91, no. 6: 1019-1030.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Biosystems Engineering
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Highlights•Mechanical harvesting took about 1/15th the time for manual harvesting.•Mechanical harvesting efficiency was higher than 86%.•Vibration time was about 9 s for the 10–20 cm diameter class.•Vibration time increased 1 s per 10 cm diameter increment.•Damage to the trees was negligible. Umbrella pine cone production is an important forest non-wood product in Portugal, especially in the region of Alcácer do Sal, where it plays an important role to the local development. Traditionally umbrella pine cones are manually harvested, increasing production costs and, above all, with very high accident risk to the workers. The development of equipment for mechanical harvesting started in Italy in the 1980's. Studies report different values for harvesting efficiency and tree damage, the latter in terms of immature cones and branches detached. In this study a trunk shaker was used to evaluate mechanical harvesting both in terms of efficiency and tree damage induced by trunk vibration. In comparison to the manual process, time required for mechanised harvesting was about 1/15th of the time. The results revealed a mechanical harvesting efficiency higher than 86% with negligible tree damage. Inter-annual harvest efficiency variability was also observed.

ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; António Bento Dias; Anabela Afonso; Dulce G. Pereira; Anacleto Pinheiro; José Oliveira Peça. Mechanical versus manual harvest of Pinus pinea cones. Biosystems Engineering 2016, 143, 50 -60.

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, António Bento Dias, Anabela Afonso, Dulce G. Pereira, Anacleto Pinheiro, José Oliveira Peça. Mechanical versus manual harvest of Pinus pinea cones. Biosystems Engineering. 2016; 143 ():50-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; António Bento Dias; Anabela Afonso; Dulce G. Pereira; Anacleto Pinheiro; José Oliveira Peça. 2016. "Mechanical versus manual harvest of Pinus pinea cones." Biosystems Engineering 143, no. : 50-60.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
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Forest biomass has had a growing importance in the world economy as a global strategic reserve, due to applications in bioenergy, bioproduct development and issues related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Current techniques used for forest inventory are usually time consuming and expensive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop reliable, low cost methods that can be used for forest biomass estimation and monitoring. This study uses new techniques to process high spatial resolution satellite images (0.70 m) in order to assess and monitor forest biomass. Multi-resolution segmentation method and object oriented classification are used to obtain the area of tree canopy horizontal projection for Quercus rotundifolia. Forest inventory allows for calculation of tree and canopy horizontal projection and biomass, the latter with allometric functions. The two data sets are used to develop linear functions to assess above ground biomass, with crown horizontal projection as an independent variable. The functions for the cumulative values, both for inventory and satellite data, for a prediction error equal or smaller than the Portuguese national forest inventory (7%), correspond to stand areas of 0.5 ha, which include most of the Q.rotundifolia stands

ACS Style

Adélia Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Paulo Mesquita; José Rafael Marques da Silva. Biomass estimation with high resolution satellite images: A case study of Quercus rotundifolia. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2015, 101, 69 -79.

AMA Style

Adélia Sousa, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Paulo Mesquita, José Rafael Marques da Silva. Biomass estimation with high resolution satellite images: A case study of Quercus rotundifolia. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2015; 101 ():69-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adélia Sousa; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Paulo Mesquita; José Rafael Marques da Silva. 2015. "Biomass estimation with high resolution satellite images: A case study of Quercus rotundifolia." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 101, no. : 69-79.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2012 in Forest Ecology and Management
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ACS Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Arne Pommerening. Spatial dynamics of cone production in Mediterranean climates: A case study of Pinus pinea L. in Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management 2012, 266, 83 -93.

AMA Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Arne Pommerening. Spatial dynamics of cone production in Mediterranean climates: A case study of Pinus pinea L. in Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management. 2012; 266 ():83-93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Arne Pommerening. 2012. "Spatial dynamics of cone production in Mediterranean climates: A case study of Pinus pinea L. in Portugal." Forest Ecology and Management 266, no. : 83-93.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2011 in Forest Systems
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Stand regeneration is one of the most important aspects of silviculture as it ensures stand and production perpetuity. Regeneration occurs after one or several disturbances releasing growing space, usually after the elimination of some adult trees. In Northern and Central Portugal many maritime pine old growth stands have natural regeneration of several broadleaved species, in particular sweet chestnut and English oak. In multi-species stands regeneration and recruitment analysis should consider both density and diversity measures. A series of permanent plots established in Serra da Lousã made it possible to characterise the existing natural regeneration and its evolution with two successive measurements in 2001 and 2009. All individuals with a diameter at breast height equal or less than 5 cm were considered as regeneration. Their recruitment was evaluated in 2009 and analysed as a function of absolute stand density measures and seven diversity indices. The results revealed that recruitment rate was high and that there was a trend towards a balance in terms of species and their proportions, while maintaining a tendency towards clustering and segregation according to the Clark and Evans and the Pielou indices, respectively.

ACS Style

A.C. Goncalves; A. Carvalho Oliveira. Regeneration in multi-species in Serra da Lousã. Forest Systems 2011, 20, 444 .

AMA Style

A.C. Goncalves, A. Carvalho Oliveira. Regeneration in multi-species in Serra da Lousã. Forest Systems. 2011; 20 (3):444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.C. Goncalves; A. Carvalho Oliveira. 2011. "Regeneration in multi-species in Serra da Lousã." Forest Systems 20, no. 3: 444.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2011 in Agroforestry Systems
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In this study we aimed to find out how macrofungi richness and sporocarp production varies in relation to both canopy cover and proximity of crown projection area, in order to discuss strategies and point out management actions that ensure macrofungal communities sustainability in montado ecosystems. The sporocarp survey was conducted once every two weeks, from October to February, between 2007 and 2009 in two representative sites of the most common (cork and holm oak) open montado ecosystems in southern Portugal. Results showed that canopy cover strongly shaped macrofungal communities composition and yield. Denser canopy cover enhanced mycorrhizal richness and reduced saprotrophic yield. Furthermore, mycorrhizal richness and yield increased with tree proximity. Finally some forest management strategies are suggested in order to enhance macrofungal richness and productivity, in montado ecosystems.

ACS Style

C. Santos-Silva; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; R. Louro. Canopy cover influence on macrofungal richness and sporocarp production in montado ecosystems. Agroforestry Systems 2011, 82, 149 -159.

AMA Style

C. Santos-Silva, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, R. Louro. Canopy cover influence on macrofungal richness and sporocarp production in montado ecosystems. Agroforestry Systems. 2011; 82 (2):149-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Santos-Silva; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; R. Louro. 2011. "Canopy cover influence on macrofungal richness and sporocarp production in montado ecosystems." Agroforestry Systems 82, no. 2: 149-159.