Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural component of many plant food and medicinal herbs, is endowed with a wide range of pharmacological properties whose therapeutic potential has only partly been exploited until now. Throughout complex and multifactorial mechanisms, OA exerts beneficial effects against diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin response, preserves functionality and survival of β-cells, and protects against diabetes complications. OA may directly modulate enzymes connected to insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and signaling. However, its major contributions appear to be derived from the interaction with important transduction pathways, and many of its effects are consistently related to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Doing that, OA induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase II response genes, blocks NF-κB, and represses the polyol pathway, AGEs production, and hyperlipidemia. The management of type 2 diabetes requires an integrated approach, which includes the early intervention to prevent or delay the disease progression, and the use of therapies to control glycemia and lipidemia in its late stages. In this sense, the use of functional foods or drugs containing OA is, undoubtedly, an interesting path.

37 p.; 5 Figuras; 4 TablasOlive oil is an important vitamin E source, which shows a wide variation range. Therefore the interest on distinguish classes. In this study, we assessed models based on partial least squares (PLS) and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Estimating the α–tocopherol and total tocopherols contents by using the PLS models were suitable according to the predicting exercises, which gave residual predictive deviations 2.37 and 2.01. Sorting test of olive oil in two classes by α-tocopherol with the PLS model provided 99.9% success. The PLS-DA assessment for the same purpose gave coefficients of predictive specificity and sensitivity for the high α-tocopherol class 0.96 and 0.84, respectively. The data proves the feasibility of estimating the olive oil α-tocopherol or total tocopherols contents by using NIRS. Besides, these techniques can be helpful rapid methods in the industry for sorting olive oils according to their vitamin E content. They are friendly to the environment, which is important.We are thankful to the European Regional Development Fund, the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the Spanish Council for Scientific Research, funding the Recupera2020-1.4.4. project, within which this research has been conducted.Peer reviewe

Continued and intermittent (12 h per day) ozone treatments (2 ppm) to control postharvest decay have been assayed during the storage of ‘Superior Seedless’, ‘Cardinal CL80,’ and ‘Regina Victoria’ table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at 5 °C for 72 days. The effects of these treatments on the main fruit quality parameters, including resveratrol content, were monitored. Both ozone treatments considerably reduced decay of cold stored grapes compared to those kept in air, continuous ozone treatment being the most effective for controlling postharvest losses. Intermittent ozone treatment induced the highest resveratrol content in stored grapes. On the contrary, ozone-treated grapes got lower scores in the sensory evaluation tests and also showed significantly higher weight losses than the fruits kept in air.