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Prof. Narottam Das
School of Engineering and Technology, Higher Education Division, CQUniversity Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

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0 Nanotechnology
0 thin film solar cells
0 semiconductor devices
0 Solar Cells and PV systems
0 Renewable Energy Technology

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Metallic thin-film materials and nanoparticles (mainly silver (Ag)-based) are recently being used in many nano-technological applications, including sensors, reflective heat-mirror coatings, and antibacterial coatings. The physical vapor deposition technique has attracted significant attention for Ag-based nanocomposites with tailoring of the structural and optical properties of metallic thin films, thus allowing for further improvements and application possibilities in various existing fields, namely electronics, catalysis, magnetics, and optics, alongside the environment and health and new emergent fields, particularly thin-film coatings. This study highlights the preparation, characterization, properties, and possible future application directions of several types of silver (Ag)-based nanocomposite thin films prepared by using physical vapor deposition techniques. The high-temperature (above 300 °C) heat-treated composite layer shows significant spectral shifts; however, distinguishingly notable sizes of nanoparticles are not observed, which indicates that this newly developed composite material can be useful for various coating applications.

ACS Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Basher; Mikhail Vasiliev; Narottam Das. Physical Vapor-Deposited Silver (Ag)-Based Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposites for Thin-Film and Coating Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6746 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad Basher, Mikhail Vasiliev, Narottam Das. Physical Vapor-Deposited Silver (Ag)-Based Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposites for Thin-Film and Coating Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):6746.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Basher; Mikhail Vasiliev; Narottam Das. 2021. "Physical Vapor-Deposited Silver (Ag)-Based Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposites for Thin-Film and Coating Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 6746.

Preprint
Published: 20 May 2021
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This research project focuses on the optimization of the hybrid energy system together with the assistance of thin-film coatings aiming to achieve self-sustainable food and crop storage facilities which will run effectively with its own generated energy. An infrastructure will be designed and constructed that will comprise a hybrid power generation system accompanied by thin-film coated semitransparent and non-transparent construction materials for energy saving. Thin-film low emissivity (Low-E) type coatings will assist the transparent or semitransparent construction materials to reflect most of the infrared (IR-mostly heat) and UV spectra of sunlight without interrupting the visible spectrum and will lead to saving energy consumption by reducing the heat and lighting during day time

ACS Style

Mohammad Nur-E Alam; Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed; Mohammad Nasirul Hoque; Mohammad Khairul Basher; Narottam Das. Combinational Approach of Energy Management for Sustainable Food and Crop Storage Facilities: A Research Concept. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nur-E Alam, Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed, Mohammad Nasirul Hoque, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Narottam Das. Combinational Approach of Energy Management for Sustainable Food and Crop Storage Facilities: A Research Concept. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nur-E Alam; Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed; Mohammad Nasirul Hoque; Mohammad Khairul Basher; Narottam Das. 2021. "Combinational Approach of Energy Management for Sustainable Food and Crop Storage Facilities: A Research Concept." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Renewable energy sources prevail as a clean energy source and their penetration in the power sector is increasing day by day due to the growing concern for climate action. However, the intermittent nature of the renewable energy based-power generation questions the grid security, especially when the utilized source is solar radiation or wind flow. The intermittency of the renewable generation can be met by the integration of distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new concept which aggregates the capacities of various distributed energy resources, handles controllable and uncontrollable loads, integrates storage devices and empowers participation as an individual power plant in the electricity market. The VPP as an energy management system (EMS) should optimally dispatch the power to its consumers. This research work is proposed to analyze the optimal scheduling of generation in VPP for the day-ahead market framework using the beetle antenna search (BAS) algorithm under various scenarios. A case study is considered for this analysis in which the constituting energy resources include a photovoltaic solar panel (PV), micro-turbine (MT), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS) and controllable loads. The real-time hourly load curves are considered in this work. Three different scenarios are considered for the optimal dispatch of generation in the VPP to analyze the performance of the proposed technique. The uncertainties of the solar irradiation and the wind speed are modeled using the beta distribution method and Weibull distribution method, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is compared with other evolutionary algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA). Among these above-mentioned algorithms, the proposed BAS algorithm shows the best scheduling with the minimum operating cost of generation.

ACS Style

Poushali Pal; Parvathy Krishnamoorthy; Devabalaji Rukmani; S. Antony; Simon Ocheme; Umashankar Subramanian; Rajvikram Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Hany Hasanien. Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Day-Ahead Market Framework. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3814 .

AMA Style

Poushali Pal, Parvathy Krishnamoorthy, Devabalaji Rukmani, S. Antony, Simon Ocheme, Umashankar Subramanian, Rajvikram Elavarasan, Narottam Das, Hany Hasanien. Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Day-Ahead Market Framework. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poushali Pal; Parvathy Krishnamoorthy; Devabalaji Rukmani; S. Antony; Simon Ocheme; Umashankar Subramanian; Rajvikram Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Hany Hasanien. 2021. "Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Day-Ahead Market Framework." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3814.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Electronics
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With the global trend to digitalize substation automation systems, International Electro technical Commission 61850, a communication protocol defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission, has been given much attention to ensure consistent communication and integration of substation high-voltage primary plant assets such as instrument transformers, circuit breakers and power transformers with various intelligent electronic devices into a hierarchical level. Along with this transition, equipment of primary plants in the switchyard, such as non-conventional instrument transformers, and a secondary system including merging units are expected to play critical roles due to their fast-transient response over a wide bandwidth. While a non-conventional instrument transformer has advantages when compared with the conventional one, extensive and detailed performance investigation and feasibility studies are still required for its full implementation at a large scale within utilities, industries, smart grids and digital substations. This paper is taking one step forward with respect to this aim by employing an optimized network engineering tool to evaluate the performance of an Ethernet-based network and to validate the overall process bus design requirement of a high-voltage non-conventional instrument transformer. Furthermore, the impact of communication delay on the substation automation system during peak traffic is investigated through a detailed simulation analysis.

ACS Style

Shantanu Kumar; Ahmed Abu-Siada; Narottam Das; Syed Islam. Toward a Substation Automation System Based on IEC 61850. Electronics 2021, 10, 310 .

AMA Style

Shantanu Kumar, Ahmed Abu-Siada, Narottam Das, Syed Islam. Toward a Substation Automation System Based on IEC 61850. Electronics. 2021; 10 (3):310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shantanu Kumar; Ahmed Abu-Siada; Narottam Das; Syed Islam. 2021. "Toward a Substation Automation System Based on IEC 61850." Electronics 10, no. 3: 310.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Energies
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Harnessing energy from the sunlight using solar photovoltaic trees (SPVTs) has become popular at present as they reduce land footprint and offer numerous complimentary services that offset infrastructure. The SPVT’s complimentary services are noticeable in many ways, e.g., electric vehicle charging stations, landscaping, passenger shelters, onsite energy generated security poles, etc. Although the SPVT offers numerous benefits and services, its deployment is relatively slower due to the challenges it suffers. The most difficult challenges include the structure design, the photovoltaic (PV) cell technology selection for a leaf, and uncertainty in performance due to weather parameter variations. This paper aims to provide the most practical solution supported by the performance prioritization approach (PPA) framework for a typical multilayered SPVT. The proposed PPA framework considers the energy and sustainability indicators and helps in reporting the performance of a multilayered SPVT, with the aim of selecting an efficient PV leaf design. A three-layered SPVT (3-L SPVT) is simulated; moreover, the degradation-influenced lifetime energy performance and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were evaluated for three different PV-cell technologies, namely crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe). While evaluating the performance of the 3-L SPVT, the power conversion efficiency, thermal regulation, degradation rate, and lifecycle carbon emissions were considered. The results of the 3-L SPVT were analyzed thoroughly, and it was found that in the early years, the c-Si PV leaves give better energy yields. However, when degradation and other influencing weather parameters were considered over its lifetime, the SPVT with c-Si leaves showed a lowered energy yield. Overall, the lifetime energy and CO2 emission results indicate that the CdTe PV leaf outperforms due to its lower degradation rate compared to c-Si and CIGS. On the other side, the benefits associated with CdTe cells, such as flexible and ultrathin glass structure as well as low-cost manufacturing, make them the best acceptable PV leaf for SPVT design. Through this investigation, we present the selection of suitable solar cell technology for a PV leaf.

ACS Style

Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Shauhrat S. Chopra; Maria Malvoni; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das. Solar Cell Technology Selection for a PV Leaf Based on Energy and Sustainability Indicators—A Case of a Multilayered Solar Photovoltaic Tree. Energies 2020, 13, 6439 .

AMA Style

Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Shauhrat S. Chopra, Maria Malvoni, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Narottam Das. Solar Cell Technology Selection for a PV Leaf Based on Energy and Sustainability Indicators—A Case of a Multilayered Solar Photovoltaic Tree. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Shauhrat S. Chopra; Maria Malvoni; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das. 2020. "Solar Cell Technology Selection for a PV Leaf Based on Energy and Sustainability Indicators—A Case of a Multilayered Solar Photovoltaic Tree." Energies 13, no. 23: 6439.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Energies
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This article presents the Reliability Assessment (RA) of renewable energy interfaced Electrical Distribution System (EDS) considering the electrical loss minimization (ELM). ELM aims at minimizing the detrimental effect of real power and reactive power losses in the EDS. Some techniques, including integration of Renewable Energy Source (RES), network reconfiguration, and expansion planning, have been suggested in the literature for achieving ELM. The optimal RES integration (also referred to as Distributed Generation (DG)) is one of the globally accepted techniques to achieve minimization of electrical losses. Therefore, first, the locations to accommodate these DGs are obtained by implementing two indexes, namely Index-1 for single DG and Index-2 for multiple DGs. Second, a Constriction Factor-based Particle Swarm Optimization (CF-PSO) technique is applied to obtain an optimal sizing(s) of the DGs for achieving the ELM. Third, the RA of the EDS is performed using the optimal location(s) and sizing(s) of the RESs (i.e., Solar photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)). Moreover, a Battery Storage System (BSS) is also incorporated optimally with the RESs to further achieve the ELM and to improve the system’s reliability. The result analysis is performed by considering the power output rating of WTG-GE’s V162-5.6MW (IECS), SPV-Sunpower’s SPR-P5-545-UPP, and BSS-Freqcon’s BESS-3000 (i.e., Battery Energy Storage System 3000), which are provided by the corresponding manufacturers. According to the outcomes of the study, the results are found to be coherent with those obtained using other techniques that are available in the literature. These results are considered for the RA of the EDS. RA is further analyzed considering the uncertainties in reliability data of WTG and SPV, including the failure rate and the repair time. The RA of optimally placed DGs is performed by considering the electrical loss minimization. It is inferred that the reliability of the EDS improves by contemplating suitable reliability data of optimally integrated DGs.

ACS Style

Sachin Kumar; Kumari Sarita; Akanksha Vardhan; Rajvikram Elavarasan; R. Saket; Narottam Das. Reliability Assessment of Wind-Solar Pv Integrated Distribution System Using Electrical Loss Minimization Technique. Energies 2020, 13, 5631 .

AMA Style

Sachin Kumar, Kumari Sarita, Akanksha Vardhan, Rajvikram Elavarasan, R. Saket, Narottam Das. Reliability Assessment of Wind-Solar Pv Integrated Distribution System Using Electrical Loss Minimization Technique. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sachin Kumar; Kumari Sarita; Akanksha Vardhan; Rajvikram Elavarasan; R. Saket; Narottam Das. 2020. "Reliability Assessment of Wind-Solar Pv Integrated Distribution System Using Electrical Loss Minimization Technique." Energies 13, no. 21: 5631.

Preprint
Published: 21 October 2020
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At present, the world is now passing a very far different time than normal situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The global life-style and human civilization is currently progressing with down-stream that affecting almost every sectors necessary for human civilizations except the current environmental situation. To control the COVID-19 spreading, most of the countries are following lockdown process that reduces human mobility, thus reducing the CO2 emission to the environment. Though the COVID-19 pandemic is a blessing for the present environment, however, the post-COVID world will face a massive thrust of energy and only conventional energy resources may not be enough to mitigate the energy demands. Solar power generation technology mainly the photovoltaic (PV) systems and their advancement can be the leading possibilities to minimize the gap between the power demand and generation. It is now time to think how we can improve the PV power generation in future and the post-COVID world. In this encyclopaedia communication, we report on Nano-technological approach to improve the conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells. We have designed and optimized several types of nano-structured assemblies that can be implemented to reduce the front surface incident light reflection losses thus can assist to improve the conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells.

ACS Style

Mohammad Nur E Alam; Narottam Das. Nanostructures GaAs Solar Cells. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nur E Alam, Narottam Das. Nanostructures GaAs Solar Cells. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nur E Alam; Narottam Das. 2020. "Nanostructures GaAs Solar Cells." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper reports on the optimization of thin-film coating-assisted, self-sustainable, off-grid hybrid power generation systems for cattle farming in rural areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country with declining rates of poverty among its 160 million people due to persistent economic growth in conjunction with balanced agricultural improvements. Most of the rural households adopt a mixed farming system by cultivating crops and simultaneously rearing livestock. Among the animals raised, cattle are considered as the most valuable asset for the small-/medium-scale farmers in terms of their meat and milk production. Currently, along with the major health issue, the COVID-19 pandemic is hindering the world’s economic growth and has thrust millions into unemployment; Bangladesh is also in this loop. However, natural disasters such as COVID-19 pandemic and floods, largely constrain rural smallholder cattle farmers from climbing out of their poverty. In particular, small- and medium-scale cattle farmers face many issues that obstruct them from taking advantage of market opportunities and imposing a greater burden on their families and incomes. An appropriate measure can give a way to make those cattle farmers’ businesses both profitable and sustainable. Optimization of thin-film coating-assisted, self-sustainable, off-grid hybrid power generation system for cattle farming is a new and forward-looking approach for sustainable development of the livestock sector. In this study, we design and optimize a thin-film coating-assisted hybrid (photovoltaic battery generator) power system by using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER, Version 3.14.0) simulation tool. An analysis of the results has suggested that the off-grid hybrid system is more feasible for small- and medium-scale cattle farming systems with long-term sustainability to overcome the significant challenges faced by smallholder cattle farmers in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Hoque; Soyed Ahmed; Mohammad Basher; Narottam Das. Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8609 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad Hoque, Soyed Ahmed, Mohammad Basher, Narottam Das. Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Hoque; Soyed Ahmed; Mohammad Basher; Narottam Das. 2020. "Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8609.

Preprint
Published: 21 September 2020
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This paper reports on the optimization of thin-film coating assisted self-sustainable off-grid hybrid power generation systems for cattle farming in rural areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country with declining rates of poverty among its 160 million people due to persistent economic growth in conjunction with balanced agricultural improvements. Most of the rural households adopt a mixed farming system by cultivating crops and simultaneously rearing livestock. Among the animals raised, cattle are considered as the most valuable asset for the small/medium-scale farmers in terms of their meat and milk production. Currently, along with the major health issue, the COVID-19 pandemic is hindering the world’s economic growth and has thrust millions into unemployment; Bangladesh is also in this loop. However, natural disasters such as COVID-19 pandemic and floods, largely constrain rural smallholder cattle farmers from climbing out of their poverty. In particular, small and medium-scale cattle farmers face many issues that obstruct them from taking advantage of market opportunities and imposing a greater burden on their families and incomes. An appropriate measure can give a way to make those cattle farmers’ businesses both profitable and sustainable. Optimization of thin-film coating assisted self-sustainable off-grid hybrid power generation system for cattle farming is a new and forward-looking approach for sustainable development of the livestock sector. In this study, we design and optimize a thin-film coating assisted hybrid (photovoltaic-battery-generator) power system by using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER, Version 3.14.0) simulation tool. An analysis of the results has suggested that the off-grid hybrid system is more feasible for small and medium-scale cattle farming systems with long-term sustainability to overcome the significant challenges faced by smallholder cattle farmers in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Nasirul Hoque; Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed; Mohammad Khairul Basher; And Narottam Das. Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food-Safety. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad Nasirul Hoque, Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed, Mohammad Khairul Basher, And Narottam Das. Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food-Safety. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Mohammad Nasirul Hoque; Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed; Mohammad Khairul Basher; And Narottam Das. 2020. "Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food-Safety." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Energies
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This article proposes a new approach based on a bio-inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) that can significantly envisage with several issues for optimal allocation of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in Radial Distribution System (RDS). In the proposed method, optimal locations of the DSTATCOM are calculated by using the Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF). The optimal size of the DSTATCOM is simulated by using the newly developed CSA. In the proposed method, load flow calculations are performed by using a fast and efficient backward/forward sweep algorithm. Here, the mathematically formed objective function of the proposed method is to reduce the total system power losses. Standard 33-bus and 69-bus systems have been used to show the effectiveness of the proposed CSA-based optimization method in the RDS with different load models. The simulated results confirm that the optimal allocation of DSTATCOM plays a significant role in power loss minimization and enhanced voltage profile. The placement of DSTATCOM in RDS also plan an important role for minimizing uncertainties in the distribution level. The proposed method encourages one to use renewable-based resources, which results in affordable and clean energy.

ACS Style

Devabalaji Kaliaperumal Rukmani; Yuvaraj Thangaraj; Umashankar Subramaniam; Sitharthan Ramachandran; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Luis Baringo; Mohamed Imran Abdul Rasheed. A New Approach to Optimal Location and Sizing of DSTATCOM in Radial Distribution Networks using Bio-Inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm. Energies 2020, 13, 4615 .

AMA Style

Devabalaji Kaliaperumal Rukmani, Yuvaraj Thangaraj, Umashankar Subramaniam, Sitharthan Ramachandran, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Narottam Das, Luis Baringo, Mohamed Imran Abdul Rasheed. A New Approach to Optimal Location and Sizing of DSTATCOM in Radial Distribution Networks using Bio-Inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Devabalaji Kaliaperumal Rukmani; Yuvaraj Thangaraj; Umashankar Subramaniam; Sitharthan Ramachandran; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Luis Baringo; Mohamed Imran Abdul Rasheed. 2020. "A New Approach to Optimal Location and Sizing of DSTATCOM in Radial Distribution Networks using Bio-Inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 18: 4615.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Energies
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This paper mainly focuses on increasing the conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells by reducing the light reflection losses. The design of nano-structured gratings and their light trapping performance are modelled and optimised by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The sunlight directly impinges on the solar panel or cells, then a portion of the incident sunlight reflects back to the air from the surface of the panel, thus leading to a reduction in the light absorption capacity of the solar cells. In order to proliferate the light absorption capacity of solar cells nano-grating structures are employed, as they are highly capable of capturing the incident sunlight compared to a conventional (or flat type) solar cell, which results in generating more electrical energy. In this study, we design three different types of nano-grating structures, optimise their parameters and their performance in light capturing capacity. From the simulation results, we confirm that that it is possible to reduce light reflection losses up to 27%, by using the nano-grating structures, compared to conventional type solar cells. This reduction of reflection losses helps to improve the conversion efficiency of next-generation GaAs solar cells significantly for a sustainable green Earth.

ACS Style

Narottam Das; Devanandh Chandrasekar; Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; M. Masud K. Khan. Light Reflection Loss Reduction by Nano-Structured Gratings for Highly Efficient Next-Generation GaAs Solar Cells. Energies 2020, 13, 4198 .

AMA Style

Narottam Das, Devanandh Chandrasekar, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, M. Masud K. Khan. Light Reflection Loss Reduction by Nano-Structured Gratings for Highly Efficient Next-Generation GaAs Solar Cells. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narottam Das; Devanandh Chandrasekar; Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; M. Masud K. Khan. 2020. "Light Reflection Loss Reduction by Nano-Structured Gratings for Highly Efficient Next-Generation GaAs Solar Cells." Energies 13, no. 16: 4198.

Review
Published: 14 August 2020 in Sustainability
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A strong energy mix of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is needed for sustainable development in the electricity sector. India stands as one of the fastest developing countries in terms of RES production. In this framework, the main objective of this review is to critically scrutinize the Maharashtra state energy landscape to discover the gaps, barriers, and challenges therein and to provide recommendations and suggestions for attaining the RES target by 2022. This work begins with a discussion about the RES trends in various developing countries. Subsequently, it scrutinizes the installed capacity of India, reporting that Maharashtra state holds a considerable stake in the Indian energy mix. A further examination of the state energy mix is carried out by comparing the current and future targets of the state action plan. It is found that the installed capacity of RESs accounts for about 22% of the state energy mix. Moreover, the current installed capacity trend is markedly different from the goals set out in the action plan of the state. Notably, the installed capacity of solar energy is four times less than the target for 2020. Importantly, meeting the targeted RES capacity for 2022 presents a great challenge to the state. Considering this, an analysis of the state’s strengths, barriers, and challenges is presented. Moreover, strong suggestions and recommendations are provided to clear the track to reach the desired destination. This can be useful for the government agencies, research community, private investors, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in building a sustainable energy system for the future.

ACS Style

Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Leoponraj Selvamanohar; Kannadasan Raju; Raghavendra Rajan Vijayaraghavan; Ramkumar Subburaj; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Irfan Ahmad Khan; Syed Afridhis; Akshaya Hariharan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Umashankar Subramaniam; Narottam Das. A Holistic Review of the Present and Future Drivers of the Renewable Energy Mix in Maharashtra, State of India. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6596 .

AMA Style

Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Leoponraj Selvamanohar, Kannadasan Raju, Raghavendra Rajan Vijayaraghavan, Ramkumar Subburaj, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Irfan Ahmad Khan, Syed Afridhis, Akshaya Hariharan, Rishi Pugazhendhi, Umashankar Subramaniam, Narottam Das. A Holistic Review of the Present and Future Drivers of the Renewable Energy Mix in Maharashtra, State of India. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Leoponraj Selvamanohar; Kannadasan Raju; Raghavendra Rajan Vijayaraghavan; Ramkumar Subburaj; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Irfan Ahmad Khan; Syed Afridhis; Akshaya Hariharan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Umashankar Subramaniam; Narottam Das. 2020. "A Holistic Review of the Present and Future Drivers of the Renewable Energy Mix in Maharashtra, State of India." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6596.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Energies
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Parameters associated with electrical equivalent models of the photovoltaic (PV) system play a significant role in the performance enhancement of the PV system. However, the accurate estimation of these parameters signifies a challenging task due to the higher computational complexities and non-linear characteristics of the PV modules/panels. Hence, an effective, dynamic, and efficient optimization technique is required to estimate the parameters associated with PV models. This paper proposes a double exponential function-based dynamic inertia weight (DEDIW) strategy for the optimal parameter estimation of the PV cell and module that maintains an appropriate balance between the exploitation and exploration phases to mitigate the premature convergence problem of conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed approach (DEDIWPSO) is validated for three test systems; (1) RTC France solar cell, (2) Photo-watt (PWP 201) PV module, and (3) a practical test system (JKM330P-72, 310 W polycrystalline PV module) which involve data collected under real environmental conditions for both single- and double-diode models. Results illustrate that the parameters obtained from proposed technique are better than those from the conventional PSO and various other techniques presented in the literature. Additionally, a comparison of the statistical results reveals that the proposed methodology is highly accurate, reliable, and efficient.

ACS Style

Arooj Tariq Kiani; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; Ali Ahmed; Irfan Khan; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das. Optimal PV Parameter Estimation via Double Exponential Function-Based Dynamic Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization. Energies 2020, 13, 4037 .

AMA Style

Arooj Tariq Kiani, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Ali Ahmed, Irfan Khan, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Narottam Das. Optimal PV Parameter Estimation via Double Exponential Function-Based Dynamic Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):4037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arooj Tariq Kiani; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; Ali Ahmed; Irfan Khan; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das. 2020. "Optimal PV Parameter Estimation via Double Exponential Function-Based Dynamic Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization." Energies 13, no. 15: 4037.

Review
Published: 21 May 2020 in Energies
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The solar photovoltaic (PV) cell is a prominent energy harvesting device that reduces the strain in the conventional energy generation approach and endorses the prospectiveness of renewable energy. Thus, the exploration in this ever-green field is worth the effort. From the power conversion efficiency standpoint of view, PVs are consistently improving, and when analyzing the potential areas that can be advanced, more and more exciting challenges are encountered. One such crucial challenge is to increase the photon availability for PV conversion. This challenge is solved using two ways. First, by suppressing the reflection at the interface of the solar cell, and the other way is to enhance the optical pathlength inside the cell for adequate absorption of the photons. Our review addresses this challenge by emphasizing the various strategies that aid in trapping the light in the solar cells. These strategies include the usage of antireflection coatings (ARCs) and light-trapping structures. The primary focus of this study is to review the ARCs from a PV application perspective based on various materials, and it highlights the development of ARCs from more than the past three decades covering the structure, fabrication techniques, optical performance, features, and research potential of ARCs reported. More importantly, various ARCs researched with different classes of PV cells, and their impact on its efficiency is given a special attention. To enhance the optical pathlength, and thus the absorption in solar PV devices, an insight about the advanced light-trapping techniques that deals with the concept of plasmonics, spectral modification, and other prevailing innovative light-trapping structures approaching the Yablonovitch limit is discussed. An extensive collection of information is presented as tables under each core review section. Further, we take a step forward to brief the effects of ageing on ARCs and their influence on the device performance. Finally, we summarize the review of ARCs on the basis of structures, materials, optical performance, multifunctionality, stability, and cost-effectiveness along with a master table comparing the selected high-performance ARCs with perfect AR coatings. Also, from the discussed significant challenges faced by ARCs and future outlook; this work directs the researchers to identify the area of expertise where further research analysis is needed in near future.

ACS Style

Natarajan Shanmugam; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Pitchandi Kasiviswanathan; Narottam Das. Anti-Reflective Coating Materials: A Holistic Review from PV Perspective. Energies 2020, 13, 2631 .

AMA Style

Natarajan Shanmugam, Rishi Pugazhendhi, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Pitchandi Kasiviswanathan, Narottam Das. Anti-Reflective Coating Materials: A Holistic Review from PV Perspective. Energies. 2020; 13 (10):2631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natarajan Shanmugam; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Pitchandi Kasiviswanathan; Narottam Das. 2020. "Anti-Reflective Coating Materials: A Holistic Review from PV Perspective." Energies 13, no. 10: 2631.

Original paper
Published: 28 June 2017 in Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy
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The enormous percentage of people in the world; particularly in the developing countries; are living mostly in decentralized, rural and remote areas, those are geographically secluded from the main grid connection. The power distribution and continuous fuel transportation to generate electricity for these areas pretenses a very big challenge. By proper utilization of renewable energy resources in off grid hybrid energy systems will be an efficient solution of this crisis. Moreover, the high cost of renewable energy systems has led to its slow adoption in many developing countries. Hence, it is very important to find an appropriate size of system in order to reduce the energy cost and excess electricity generation as well as to maximize the available resources. Therefore, a hybrid energy system has been designed and simulated to support a small community considering an average load demand of 85 kWh/d with a peak load of 8.7 kW. The simulation and optimization of the system have been performed by the HOMER software using real time field data of solar radiation, wind speed and biomass of that particular area. The simulation results confirm that the system is suitably feasible with respect to the net present cost (NPC) and CO2 emission reduction purpose. The simulation results also confirm that the NPC and CO2 emission can be reduced about 32.45% and 29 tons per year respectively compared to the conventional power plants. The NPC of the optimized system has been found about USD $160,626 having per unit Cost of Energy (COE) about USD $0.431/kWh and the operating cost USD $10,779/yr.

ACS Style

Sk. Shezan Arefin; Narottam Das. Optimized Hybrid Wind-Diesel Energy System with Feasibility Analysis. Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy 2017, 2, 9 .

AMA Style

Sk. Shezan Arefin, Narottam Das. Optimized Hybrid Wind-Diesel Energy System with Feasibility Analysis. Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy. 2017; 2 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sk. Shezan Arefin; Narottam Das. 2017. "Optimized Hybrid Wind-Diesel Energy System with Feasibility Analysis." Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy 2, no. 1: 9.

Book chapter
Published: 22 February 2017 in Nanostructured Solar Cells
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ACS Style

Narottam Das. Introduction of Nano-Structured Solar Cells. Nanostructured Solar Cells 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Narottam Das. Introduction of Nano-Structured Solar Cells. Nanostructured Solar Cells. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narottam Das. 2017. "Introduction of Nano-Structured Solar Cells." Nanostructured Solar Cells , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2016 in Energies
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Due to the rising power demand and substantial interest in acquiring green energy from sunlight, there has been rapid development in the science and technology of photovoltaics (PV) in the last few decades. Furthermore, the synergy of the fields of metrology and fabrication has paved the way to acquire improved light collecting ability for solar cells. Based on recent studies, the performance of solar cell can improve due to the application of subwavelength nano-structures which results in smaller reflection losses and better light manipulation and/or trapping at subwavelength scale. In this paper, we propose a numerical optimization technique to analyze the reflection losses on an optimized GaAs-based solar cell which is covered with nano-structured features from the same material. Using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, we have designed, modelled, and analyzed the performance of three different arrangements of periodic nano-structures with different pitches and heights. The simulated results confirmed that different geometries of nano-structures behave uniquely towards the impinging light.

ACS Style

Farzaneh Fadakar Masouleh; Narottam Das; Seyed Mohammad Rozati. Nano-Structured Gratings for Improved Light Absorption Efficiency in Solar Cells. Energies 2016, 9, 756 .

AMA Style

Farzaneh Fadakar Masouleh, Narottam Das, Seyed Mohammad Rozati. Nano-Structured Gratings for Improved Light Absorption Efficiency in Solar Cells. Energies. 2016; 9 (9):756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farzaneh Fadakar Masouleh; Narottam Das; Seyed Mohammad Rozati. 2016. "Nano-Structured Gratings for Improved Light Absorption Efficiency in Solar Cells." Energies 9, no. 9: 756.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2016 in Energies
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This paper presents the design and analysis of nano-structured gratings to improve the conversion efficiency in GaAs solar cells by reducing the light reflection losses. A finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation tool is used to design and simulate the light reflection losses of the subwavelength grating (SWG) structure in GaAs solar cells. The SWG structures perform as an excellent alternative antireflective (AR) coating due to their capacity to reduce the reflection losses in GaAs solar cells. It allows the gradual change in the refractive index that confirms an excellent AR and the light trapping properties, when compared with the planar thin film structures. The nano-rod structure performs as a single layer AR coating, whereas the triangular (i.e., conical or perfect cone) and parabolic (i.e., trapezoidal/truncated cone) shaped nano-grating structures perform as a multilayer AR coating. The simulation results confirm that the reflection loss of triangular-shaped nano-grating structures having a 300-nm grating height and a 830-nm period is about 2%, which is about 28% less than the flat type substrates. It also found that the intermediate (i.e., trapezoidal and parabolic)-shaped structures, the light reflection loss is lower than the rectangular shaped nano-grating structure, but higher than the triangular shaped nano-grating structure. This analysis confirmed that the triangular shaped nano-gratings are an excellent alternative AR coating for conversion efficiency improvement in GaAs solar cells.

ACS Style

Narottam Das; Syed Islam. Design and Analysis of Nano-Structured Gratings for Conversion Efficiency Improvement in GaAs Solar Cells. Energies 2016, 9, 690 .

AMA Style

Narottam Das, Syed Islam. Design and Analysis of Nano-Structured Gratings for Conversion Efficiency Improvement in GaAs Solar Cells. Energies. 2016; 9 (9):690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narottam Das; Syed Islam. 2016. "Design and Analysis of Nano-Structured Gratings for Conversion Efficiency Improvement in GaAs Solar Cells." Energies 9, no. 9: 690.

Book chapter
Published: 09 March 2016 in Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems
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This chapter presents a preliminary study conducted to improve photovoltaic (PV) cell conversion efficiency using MATLAB/Simulink platform. The study uses multi-junction solar cell and investigates the maximum performance compared with a conventional silicon PV cell. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is applied to assess the conversion efficiency of the PV system. Study integrates thermoelectric generator (TEG) with PV modules because the PV cells work by converting high frequency irradiation where as a TEG has the ability to convert wasted low frequency heat to the electricity. The combination delivers more power and contributes to enhance the conversion efficiency of a PV system. The simulation results show that a tandem cell can provide a considerable higher power with a conventional PV cell operation.

ACS Style

Narottam Das; Hendy Wongsodihardjo; Syed Islam. A Preliminary Study on Conversion Efficiency Improvement of a Multi-junction PV Cell with MPPT. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 2016, 49 -73.

AMA Style

Narottam Das, Hendy Wongsodihardjo, Syed Islam. A Preliminary Study on Conversion Efficiency Improvement of a Multi-junction PV Cell with MPPT. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems. 2016; ():49-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narottam Das; Hendy Wongsodihardjo; Syed Islam. 2016. "A Preliminary Study on Conversion Efficiency Improvement of a Multi-junction PV Cell with MPPT." Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems , no. : 49-73.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Optics Communications
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Highlights•Pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs).•Output pulse shape changed due to the variation of input pulse shape, pulse width, and energy levels.•Output waveforms peak position is shifted toward the leading edge which is due to the gain saturation of SOAs.•Compared the gain saturation characteristics for different input pulse shapes in SOAs. AbstractThis paper presents the pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics for different input optical pulse shapes with different energy levels in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). A finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is used to solve the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (MNLSE) for the simulation of nonlinear optical pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics in the SOAs. In this MNLSE, the gain spectrum dynamics, gain saturation are taken into account those are depend on the carrier depletion, carrier heating, spectral hole-burning, group velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation and two photon absorption. From this simulation, we obtained the output waveforms and spectra for different input pulse shapes considering different input energy levels. It has shown that the output pulse shape has changed due to the variation of input parameters, such as input pulse shape, input pulse width, and input pulse energy levels. It also shown clearly that the peak position of the output waveforms are shifted toward the leading edge which is due to the gain saturation of the SOA. We also compared the gain saturation characteristics in the SOA for different input pulse shapes.

ACS Style

Suchi Barua; Narottam Das; Sven Nordholm; Mohammad Razaghi. Comparison of pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics among different input pulse shapes in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Optics Communications 2016, 359, 73 -78.

AMA Style

Suchi Barua, Narottam Das, Sven Nordholm, Mohammad Razaghi. Comparison of pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics among different input pulse shapes in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Optics Communications. 2016; 359 ():73-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suchi Barua; Narottam Das; Sven Nordholm; Mohammad Razaghi. 2016. "Comparison of pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics among different input pulse shapes in semiconductor optical amplifiers." Optics Communications 359, no. : 73-78.