Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects function and phenotype of immune cells, such as expression and function of receptors for immune cells which contributes to loss of immune function (chemotaxis, intracellular killing). Moreover, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes in older individuals. Furthermore, increased risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection is increased with an aging immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. During the last century, sedentarism rose dramatically, with a concomitant increase in certain type of cancers (such as breast cancer, colon, or prostate cancer), and autoimmune disease. Numerous studies on physical activity and immunity, with focus on special populations (i.e., people with diabetes, HIV patients) demonstrate that chronic exercise enhances immunity. However, the majority of previous work has focused on either a pathological population or healthy young adults whilst research in elderly populations is scarce. Research conducted to date has primarily focused on aerobic and resistance exercise training and its effect on immunity. This review focuses on the potential for exercise training to affect the aging immune system. The concept is that some lifestyle strategies such as high-intensity exercise training may prevent disease through the attenuation of immunosenescence. In this context, we take a top-down approach and review the effect of exercise and training on immunological parameters in elderly at rest and during exercise in humans, and how they respond to different modes of training. We highlight the impact of these different exercise modes on immunological parameters, such as cytokine and lymphocyte concentration in elderly individuals.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 55 million individuals globally. Diagnosis typically occurs in advanced stages, and there are limited options for reversing symptoms. Preventive strategies are, therefore, crucial. Time Restricted Eating (TRE) or Time Restricted Feeding (TRF) is one such strategy. Here we review recent research on AD and TRE/TRF in addition to AD biomarkers and gut microbiota. A comprehensive review of recent studies was conducted to assess the impact of TRE/TRF on AD-related outcomes. This includes the analysis of how TRE/TRF influences circadian rhythms, beta-amyloid 42 (Aß42), pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and gut microbiota composition. TRE/TRF impacts circadian rhythms and can influence cognitive performance as observed in AD. It lowers beta-amyloid 42 deposition in the brain, a key AD biomarker, and reduces pro-ininflammatory cytokines. The gut microbiome has emerged as a modifiable factor in AD treatment. TRE/TRF changes the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, leading to increased diversity and a decrease in harmful bacteria. These findings underscore the potential of TRE/TRF as a preventive strategy for AD. By reducing Aß42 plaques, modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and altering gut microbiota composition, TRE/TRF may slow the progression of AD. Further research is needed to confirm these effects and to understand the mechanisms involved. This review highlights TRE/TRF as a promising non-pharmacological intervention in the fight against AD.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained significant popularity in recent years, both in medical and sports fields, primarily due to its potential improvements in various systems of the human body, including the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Aim: This narrative review aims to explore the health effects of intermittent fasting (IF) in both healthy and unhealthy subjects, as well as mice. It aims to shed light on the diverse physiological mechanisms through which IF may influence health outcomes. Materials and Method: A comprehensive search for English-language manuscripts related to IF was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. The reviewed manuscripts focused on the effects of intermittent fasting on the immune system and lipid profiles. Results: The data analysis revealed that intermittent fasting had a positive impact on the mentioned indicators. The findings suggest that IF could be an effective strategy for achieving better overall health. Conclusion: Intermittent fasting appears to offer potential health benefits, showing positive effects on the immune system and lipid profiles. Further research is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to explore its suitability as a health intervention.

In the intricate dance of health and imbalance, oxidative stress and inflammation emerge as central players, contributing to a spectrum of physiological disorders. This review delves into the therapeutic potential of Paronychia argentea (aka Algerian Tea), a perennial plant deeply rooted in traditional medicine, aiming to unravel its antioxidant and antiinflammatory attributes, along with exploring its polyphenolic and flavonoid constituents. Studies consistently affirm its efficacy in mitigating inflammation, combating free radicals, and providing nephroprotective and antimicrobial benefits. The multifaceted bioactive compounds within the plant position it as a promising candidate for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and personal care products.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 9-14