Evaluating maize genotypes under different conditions is important for identifying which genotypes combine stability with high yield potential. The aim of this study was to assess stability and the effect of the genotype–environment interaction (GEI) on the grain yield traits of four maize genotypes grown in field trials; one control trial without nitrogen, and three applying different levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha⁻¹, respectively). Across two growing seasons, both the phenotypic variability and GEI for yield traits over four maize genotypes (P0725, P9889, P9757 and P9074) grown in four different fertilization treatments were studied. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were used to estimate the GEI. The results revealed that genotype and environmental effects, such as the GEI effect, significantly influenced yield, as well as revealing that maize genotypes responded differently to different conditions and fertilization measures. An analysis of the GEI using the IPCA (interaction principal components) analysis method showed the statistical significance of the first source of variation, IPCA1. As the main component, IPCA1 explained 74.6% of GEI variation in maize yield. Genotype G3, with a mean grain yield of 10.6 t ha⁻¹, was found to be the most stable and adaptable to all environments in both seasons, while genotype G1 was found to be unstable, following its specific adaptation to the environments.

Vegetation cover change in all the river basins leads to the changes of hydrologic response, soil erosion and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as main cause of anthropogenic and accelerated erosion rates in short term and one of the main reasons of climate change in long term. The effects of vegetation cover changes on various parts of water balance and hydrological cycle has to be deeply studied because of its important role on mankind future. The aim of present research was therefore to simulate the responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion model IntErO, with the different settings of land use for the years 1977, 1987, 1997, 2006 (2007) and 2016 (2017) in Orahovacka Rijeka watershed; a pilot river basin of the Polimlje Region for the northeastern part of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Orahovacka Rijeka was 174-175 m3 s-1 (the incidence of 100 years) and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated on 2614-2921 m3 year-1, specific 229-256 m3 km-2 year-1 (1977-2017). The value of Z coefficient range from 0.444 to 0.478 and indicates that the river basin belongs to III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. According to our analysis the land use changes in the last 40 years influenced the increase of the soil erosion intensity for 11% in the study watershed. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure. The results and approach also should be used by policymakers in all national natural resources organizations to highlight the role of management.

The aim of this research was to study the impact of application technique and rate of liquid starter fertilizer applied with a novel device on the production of corn. Starter fertilizer was applied in the root system range of freshly germinated plants in the ‘belt’ and ‘point’ forms at different quantities (35, 50, 70, and 100 L ha⁻¹), which led to intensive plant growth in the initial stages of development. This adapted system was used for sowing and for application of the liquid starter fertilizer at the same time. The field trial was set up at two sites (two different land types), in the conditions of the natural water regime of the soil during the three vegetation seasons in the period 2016–2018. For this purpose, a prototype of the electronic device EUKU-01 was designed. The starter fertilizer was applied at 5 cm laterally from the row where the sowing was performed and 5 cm below the depth at which the corn seeds were sown. Data were statistically analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance, where the influence of mineral fertilizer treatment and the influence of liquid starter fertilizer treatment were observed as factors. The results showed that the optimal choice of the technique of liquid starter fertilizer application can result in fertilizer savings by 30% without reducing yield.

Purpose: A hybrid approach is presented, which combines linguistic and statistical information to semi-automatically extract multiword term candidates from texts. Design/methodology/approach: The method is designed to be domain and language independent, focusing on languages with rich morphology. Here, it is used for extracting multiword terms from texts in Serbian, belonging to the agricultural engineering domain, as a use case. Predefined syntactic structures were used for multiword terms. For each structure, a finite state transducer was developed, which recognizes text sequences having that structure and outputs the sequence in a normalized form, so that different inflectional forms of the same multiword term can be counted properly. Term candidates were further filtered by their frequencies and evaluated by two domain experts. Findings: By using language resources, such as electronic dictionaries and grammars, 928 multiword terms were extracted out of 1,523 multiword terms that were recognized as candidates from a corpus having 42,260 different simple word forms; 870 of these were new, not already contained in the existing electronic dictionary of compounds for Serbian, and they were used to enrich the dictionary. Originality/value: The paper presents methodology that can significantly contribute to the development of terminology lexicons in different areas. In this particular use case, some important agricultural engineering concepts were extracted from the text, but this approach could be used for other domains and languages as well.

The use of different types of drones in almost all sectors of the global economy is growing rapidly, but the use of drones in agriculture has suddenly increased. According to some data from the literature, the market for different types of drones in agriculture alone is expected to grow from USD 1.2 billion in 2019 to USD 5.5 billion in 2024. A particularly interesting phenomenon is the significant increase in the use of drones (especially various nano-types) in the world and the possibility of some of them being used in agriculture in the Republic of Serbia. The world of drone technology has taken a huge leap forward with the introduction of nano drones. For example, some modern nano drone solutions have dimensions of less than 2 x 2 cm. Nano drones are ultra-small remote-controlled aircraft that can perform a variety of tasks. They are equipped with advanced sensors and functions such as obstacle avoidance and high-speed maneuverability. Some models are even capable of taking aerial photographs, staying in the air for long periods of time and flying autonomously. Nano drones are now more affordable than ever before. Prices range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand, depending on the model and features. Nowadays, nano drones are affordable for everyday users in various fields. This paper introduces nano drone technology (e.g. the type of nano drones and equipment) as a new application for greenhouses: There are some stages that greenhouse growers can consider for the use of nano drones; Safe inspection of the structural components of greenhouses; Pollination processes (e.g. the role of RobotBee); Application of shading composite glasshouses; Crop monitoring/inventory of greenhouses.

Biogradska Gora National Park in Montenegro is part of the Bjelasica Mountain which belongs to the montane region of the Dinaric Alps. Biogradska Gora is one of the largest long-term preserved forests in the Southeast Europe. In this paper there were compared the main structural characteristics of the old-growth mixed forest of spruce (Picea abies L.), fir (Abies alba L.) and beech (Fagus moesiaca (Domin, Maly) Czecz.), from the preserved area of the Biogradska Gora, with similar managed forests from the same mountain. Basic insight into the structural characteristics of forests of spruce, fir and beech was obtained by analyzing tree species composition and two basic structural elements - number of trees and wood volume per unit area. The obtained data provides overview of the structural characteristics of these forests. The results revealed the production potential of the studied mixed forests. The average quantity of standing volume in old-growth forests of Biogradska Gora indicates very valuable and productive forest ecosystems. Presented data shows that forest ecosystems of spruce, fir and beech in the protected area of the National Park Biogradska Gora are characterized by structurally irregular forests with presence of old trees with relevant growing stock and optimal balance of beech and conifer species, while in managed forests on the same mountain, growing stock is very low and with structure which is far from optimal.