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Herein, the texture developments of γ austenite, ε martensite, and α’ martensite during the tensile deformation of SUS 304 stainless steel were observed by using the in situ neutron diffraction technique. Combined with the microstructure and local orientations measured by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), the mechanisms involved in the deformation-induced martensite transformation (DIMT) in the SUS 304 stainless steel were examined based on the neutron diffraction results. The results revealed that the ε martensite inherited the texture of the γ austenite, that is, their main components could be connected by Shoji–Nishiyama orientation relationship. The variant selection was qualitatively evaluated based on the Schmid factors of the { 111 } ⟨ 2 ¯ 11 ⟩ slip systems. The results revealed that the ε→α’ transformation occurred easily in the steel sample. Consequently, the volume fraction of the α’ martensite phase observed by EBSD was higher than that observed by neutron diffraction. In addition, at a true strain of 0.42, a packet structure consisting of two α’ martensite variants was observed in the steel sample. However, the original orientation of the variants did not correspond to the main components in the γ or ε phases. This suggests that the two α’ martensite variants were transformed directly from the lost component of the γ matrix. These results indicate that the γ→ε→α’ DIMT was first activated in the steel sample, after which the γ→α’ DIMT was activated at the later stage of deformation.
Yusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato. In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation during Tensile Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel by Using Neutron Diffraction PART II: Transformation and Texture Formation Mechanisms. Quantum Beam Science 2021, 5, 6 .
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Shigeo Sato. In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation during Tensile Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel by Using Neutron Diffraction PART II: Transformation and Texture Formation Mechanisms. Quantum Beam Science. 2021; 5 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato. 2021. "In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation during Tensile Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel by Using Neutron Diffraction PART II: Transformation and Texture Formation Mechanisms." Quantum Beam Science 5, no. 1: 6.
Multiplication and rearrangement of dislocations in face-centered cubic (FCC) metals during tensile deformation are affected by grain size, stacking fault energy (SFE), and solute elements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) line-profile analysis can evaluate the dislocation density (ρ) and dislocation arrangement (M) from the strength of the interaction between dislocations. However, the relationship between M and ρ has not been thoroughly addressed. In this study, multiplication and rearrangement of dislocations in FCC metals during tensile deformation was evaluated by XRD line-profile analysis. Furthermore, the effects of grain size, SFE, and solute elements on the extent of dislocation rearrangement were evaluated with varying M values during tensile deformation. M decreased as the dislocation density increased. By contrast, grain size and SFE did not exhibit a significant influence on the obtained M values. The influence of solute species and concentration of solute elements on M changes were also determined. In addition, the relationship between dislocation substructures and M for tensile deformed metals were also explained. Dislocations were loosely distributed at M > 1, and cell walls gradually formed by gathering dislocations at M < 1. While cell walls became thicker with decreasing M in metals with low stacking fault energy, thin cell walls with high dislocation density formed for an M value of 0.3 in metals with high stacking fault energy.
Koutarou Nakagawa; Momoki Hayashi; Kozue Takano-Satoh; Hirotaka Matsunaga; Hiroyuki Mori; Kazunari Maki; Yusuke Onuki; Shigeru Suzuki; Shigeo Sato. Characterization of Dislocation Rearrangement in FCC Metals during Work Hardening Using X-ray Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis. Quantum Beam Science 2020, 4, 36 .
AMA StyleKoutarou Nakagawa, Momoki Hayashi, Kozue Takano-Satoh, Hirotaka Matsunaga, Hiroyuki Mori, Kazunari Maki, Yusuke Onuki, Shigeru Suzuki, Shigeo Sato. Characterization of Dislocation Rearrangement in FCC Metals during Work Hardening Using X-ray Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis. Quantum Beam Science. 2020; 4 (4):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoutarou Nakagawa; Momoki Hayashi; Kozue Takano-Satoh; Hirotaka Matsunaga; Hiroyuki Mori; Kazunari Maki; Yusuke Onuki; Shigeru Suzuki; Shigeo Sato. 2020. "Characterization of Dislocation Rearrangement in FCC Metals during Work Hardening Using X-ray Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 4: 36.
304 stainless steel is one of the most common stainless steels due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Typically, a good balance between ductility and strength derives from deformation-induced martensite transformation (DIMT), but this mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we conducted in situ neutron diffraction measurements during the tensile deformation of commercial 304 stainless steel (at room temperature) by means of a Time-Of-Flight type neutron diffractometer, iMATERIA (BL20), at J-PARC MLF (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility), Japan. The fractions of α′-(BCC) and ε-(HCP) martensite were quantitatively determined by Rietveld-texture analysis, as well as the anisotropic microstrains. The strain hardening behavior corresponded well to the microstrain development in the austenite phase. Hence, the authors concluded that the existence of martensite was not a direct cause of hardening, because the dominant austenite phase strengthened to equivalent values as in the martensite phase. Moreover, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) mechanism in austenitic steels is different from that of low-alloy bainitic TRIP steels.
Yusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato. In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation (DIMT) during Tensile Deformation of 304 Stainless Steel Using Neutron Diffraction. PART I: Mechanical Response. Quantum Beam Science 2020, 4, 31 .
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Shigeo Sato. In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation (DIMT) during Tensile Deformation of 304 Stainless Steel Using Neutron Diffraction. PART I: Mechanical Response. Quantum Beam Science. 2020; 4 (3):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato. 2020. "In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation (DIMT) during Tensile Deformation of 304 Stainless Steel Using Neutron Diffraction. PART I: Mechanical Response." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 3: 31.
Dislocations in austenitic and ferritic stainless steels (SSs) under cyclic loading were quantitatively evaluated via X-ray diffraction line-profile analysis to determine the relationship between the dislocation density and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life in both SSs. The dislocation density of the austenitic and ferritic SSs varied linearly with respect to the LCF life in a double-logarithmic graph, with different slopes of the line. The dislocation density normalized by the maximum work hardening for both SSs exhibited a log–log linear relationship with the LCF life. The fraction of screw dislocations in the ferritic SS decreased with decreasing LCF life owing to the easy cross-slip of dislocations. Because of the difficulty of the cross-slip of dislocations in the austenitic SS, the fraction of screw dislocations remained almost constant throughout the LCF life. Analysis of the crystallite size and the dislocation arrangement with respect to the dislocation density under tensile and cyclic loading revealed that the dislocation arrangement for cyclic loading was smaller than that for tensile loading. Thus, the dislocation arrangement was related to the cyclic loading. In the plot of the dislocation evolution versus the number of cycles, two stages were observed in the variation of the dislocation characteristics for both SSs. In the first stage, the dislocation density increased, and the crystallite size decreased. The dislocation arrangement parameter of the ferritic and austenitic SS decreased and remained the same, respectively, in the first stage. In the second stage, the dislocation density, dislocation arrangement parameter, and crystallite size remained constant.
Masoud Moshtaghi; Shigeo Sato. Characterization of Dislocation Evolution in Cyclically Loaded Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels via XRD Line-profile Analysis. ISIJ International 2019, 59, 1591 -1598.
AMA StyleMasoud Moshtaghi, Shigeo Sato. Characterization of Dislocation Evolution in Cyclically Loaded Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels via XRD Line-profile Analysis. ISIJ International. 2019; 59 (9):1591-1598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasoud Moshtaghi; Shigeo Sato. 2019. "Characterization of Dislocation Evolution in Cyclically Loaded Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels via XRD Line-profile Analysis." ISIJ International 59, no. 9: 1591-1598.
The effect of Cu coating metallic interlayer on the weldability, joint strength, and interfacial microstructure during high-power ultrasonic spot welding (HP-USW) of AZ31B Mg alloy has been studied. Interlayered samples exhibited good weldability and they resulted in strong sound joints with nearly the same strength as joints without interlayer, with the distinction of lower energy being required. The Cu interlayer affected the thermal and vibrational properties of the interface, as the maximum interface temperature decreased and approached better uniformity across the weld nugget. The base metal grain structure changed to equiaxed larger grains after ultrasonic welding and a chain of parent metal small grains were observed around the interface. A binary intermetallic compound product of Mg-Cu, which was rich in Mg, has been found around the interface that was diffused toward base metal. According to the electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) results, alongside temperature measurements and hardness data, the formation of Mg2Cu is suggested in this region. At the interface centerline, a narrow region was identified that was composed of Mg, Cu, and Al. Complementary transmission electron microscopy analysis estimated that Al-containing reaction product is a ternary alloy of the MgCuxAly type. The dispersion of fine grain intermetallic compounds as discrete particles inside Mg substrate in both interfacial regions formed a composite like structure that could participate in joint strengthening.
Amir Badamian; Chihiro Iwamoto; Shigeo Sato; Suguru Tashiro. Interface Characterization of Ultrasonic Spot-Welded Mg Alloy Interlayered with Cu Coating. Metals 2019, 9, 532 .
AMA StyleAmir Badamian, Chihiro Iwamoto, Shigeo Sato, Suguru Tashiro. Interface Characterization of Ultrasonic Spot-Welded Mg Alloy Interlayered with Cu Coating. Metals. 2019; 9 (5):532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Badamian; Chihiro Iwamoto; Shigeo Sato; Suguru Tashiro. 2019. "Interface Characterization of Ultrasonic Spot-Welded Mg Alloy Interlayered with Cu Coating." Metals 9, no. 5: 532.
Relationship between phase transformation and dislocation evolution of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr shape memory alloy upon tensile deformation and subsequent annealing treatment was investigated. Neutron diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements were carried out to evaluate dislocation density and phase transformation. Reasonable phase fraction of martensite was evaluated by Rietveld-texture analysis via neutron diffraction. It was confirmed that EBSD tends to underestimate the phase fraction of martensite. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis was carried out by the EBSD to analyze geometrically necessary (GN) dislocation density. The KAM values of austenitic and martensitic phases increased linearly with nominal strain and did not vary despite the annealing treatment for reverse transformation. On the other hand, dislocation density of austenitic phase, which was estimated by neutron diffraction line-profile analysis, decreased with the annealing treatment. The dislocation density evaluated by neutron diffraction was one digit higher than GN dislocation density estimated by KAM values. This is because neutron diffraction evaluates total dislocation density of not only GN type but also statistically stored (SS) type. Thus, it was indicated that SS dislocations annihilated by recovery whereas GN dislocation remained during the annealing treatment. Interestingly, the total dislocation density of martensitic phase was almost constant irrespective of nominal strains and increased with the annealing treatment. These dislocation evolution behaviors and the effects of dislocations on the reverse transformation were discussed.
Kenta Hanawa; Yusuke Onuki; Yuta Uemura; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeru Suzuki; Hiroaki Otsuka; Yuya Chiba; Shigeo Sato. Analysis of Reverse Transformation Behavior in Iron-based Alloys Based on Quantitative Microstructure Information by Neutron Diffraction. Tetsu-to-Hagane 2019, 105, 998 -1007.
AMA StyleKenta Hanawa, Yusuke Onuki, Yuta Uemura, Akinori Hoshikawa, Shigeru Suzuki, Hiroaki Otsuka, Yuya Chiba, Shigeo Sato. Analysis of Reverse Transformation Behavior in Iron-based Alloys Based on Quantitative Microstructure Information by Neutron Diffraction. Tetsu-to-Hagane. 2019; 105 (10):998-1007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenta Hanawa; Yusuke Onuki; Yuta Uemura; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeru Suzuki; Hiroaki Otsuka; Yuya Chiba; Shigeo Sato. 2019. "Analysis of Reverse Transformation Behavior in Iron-based Alloys Based on Quantitative Microstructure Information by Neutron Diffraction." Tetsu-to-Hagane 105, no. 10: 998-1007.
Co–Cr alloys have been used in biomedical purposes such as stents and artificial hip joints. However, the difficulty of plastic deformation limits the application of the alloys. During the deformation, Co–Cr alloys often exhibit strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT), which is a possible reason for the low formability. The distinct increase in dislocation density in the matrix phase may also result in early fractures. Since these microstructural evolutions accompany the textural evolution, it is crucial to understand the relationship among the SIMT, the increase in dislocations, and the texture evolution. To characterize those at the same time, we conducted time-of-flight neutron diffraction experiments at iMATERIA beamline at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF), Ibaraki, Japan. The cold-rolled sheets of Co–29Cr–6Mo (CCM) and Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni (CCWN) alloys were investigated in this study. As expected from the different stacking fault energies, the SIMT progressed more rapidly in the CCM alloy. The dislocation densities of the matrix phases of the CCM and CCWN alloys increased similarly with an increase in the rolling reduction. These results suggest that the difference in deformability between the CCM and CCWN alloys originate not from the strain hardening of the matrix phase but from the growth behaviors of the martensitic phase.
Yusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato; Maiko Nakagawa; Kenta Yamanaka; Manami Mori; Akinori Hoshikawa; Toru Ishigaki; Akihiko Chiba. Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled Co–Cr Alloys. Quantum Beam Science 2018, 2, 11 .
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Shigeo Sato, Maiko Nakagawa, Kenta Yamanaka, Manami Mori, Akinori Hoshikawa, Toru Ishigaki, Akihiko Chiba. Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled Co–Cr Alloys. Quantum Beam Science. 2018; 2 (2):11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Shigeo Sato; Maiko Nakagawa; Kenta Yamanaka; Manami Mori; Akinori Hoshikawa; Toru Ishigaki; Akihiko Chiba. 2018. "Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled Co–Cr Alloys." Quantum Beam Science 2, no. 2: 11.
Texture is an important property especially for metallic materials having hexagonal close-packed crystal structure. In order to understand the overall property or change in the microstructure of materials, neutron diffraction is a powerful tool of investigation. In this study, we attempt to measure the textures of Ti–6Al–4V (mass%) alloy by using a time-of-flight neutron diffractometer, iMATERIA. The results indicate that the texture measurement for the hexagonal phase is possible with the same method as for cubic metals. The texture of cubic β phase, whose volume fraction is several percent, can simultaneously be determined together with the hexagonal α phase.
Yusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Soichiro Nishino; Shigeo Sato; Toru Ishigaki. Rietveld Texture Analysis for Metals Having Hexagonal Close-Packed Phase by Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction at iMATERIA. Advanced Engineering Materials 2017, 20, 1700227 .
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Akinori Hoshikawa, Soichiro Nishino, Shigeo Sato, Toru Ishigaki. Rietveld Texture Analysis for Metals Having Hexagonal Close-Packed Phase by Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction at iMATERIA. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2017; 20 (4):1700227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Soichiro Nishino; Shigeo Sato; Toru Ishigaki. 2017. "Rietveld Texture Analysis for Metals Having Hexagonal Close-Packed Phase by Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction at iMATERIA." Advanced Engineering Materials 20, no. 4: 1700227.
The accuracy of the phase fraction determined by time-of-flight neutron diffraction measurement at iMATERIA was verified by preparing model samples consisting of laminations of ferritic and austenitic stainless-steel sheets. Rietveld texture analysis, based on 132 diffractograms, was employed as the analysis method. The analyzed volume fractions of austenite agree with the prepared fractions (0.61–49.3 vol%) with a maximum error of only 5%, relative to the prepared fractions. This is due to the excellent fitting quality of the multi-diffractogram-based Rietveld refinement with consideration given to the textures of both the major and minor phases. Although the quality of the texture analysis for the austenite phase becomes poor, at <5 vol%, the consideration of the textures improves the accuracy of the phase fraction determination. Also described is how the textures affect the phase fractions, as determined by the conventional diffraction method. It is clearly shown that texture cannot be ignored in phase fraction analysis and, in turn, a reasonable consideration of the texture realizes precision in the analysis.
Yusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeo Sato; Toru Ishigaki; Toshiro Tomida. Quantitative phase fraction analysis of steel combined with texture analysis using time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Journal of Materials Science 2017, 52, 11643 -11658.
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Akinori Hoshikawa, Shigeo Sato, Toru Ishigaki, Toshiro Tomida. Quantitative phase fraction analysis of steel combined with texture analysis using time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Journal of Materials Science. 2017; 52 (19):11643-11658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeo Sato; Toru Ishigaki; Toshiro Tomida. 2017. "Quantitative phase fraction analysis of steel combined with texture analysis using time-of-flight neutron diffraction." Journal of Materials Science 52, no. 19: 11643-11658.
A rapid texture measurement system has been developed on the time-of-flight neutron diffractometer iMATERIA (beamline BL20, MLF/J-PARC, Japan). Quantitative Rietveld texture analysis with a neutron beam exposure of several minutes without sample rotation was investigated using a duplex stainless steel, and the minimum number of diffraction spectra required for the analysis was determined experimentally. The rapid measurement scheme employs 132 spectra, and by this scheme the quantitative determination of volume fractions of texture components in ferrite and austenite cubic phases in a duplex stainless steel can be made in a short time. This quantitative and rapid measurement scheme is based on the salient features of iMATERIA as a powder diffractometer, i.e. a fairly high resolution in d spacing and numerous detectors covering a wide range of scattering angle.
Yusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeo Sato; Pingguang Xu; Toru Ishigaki; Yoichi Saito; Hidekazu Todoroki; Makoto Hayashi. Rapid measurement scheme for texture in cubic metallic materials using time-of-flight neutron diffraction at iMATERIA. Journal of Applied Crystallography 2016, 49, 1579 -1584.
AMA StyleYusuke Onuki, Akinori Hoshikawa, Shigeo Sato, Pingguang Xu, Toru Ishigaki, Yoichi Saito, Hidekazu Todoroki, Makoto Hayashi. Rapid measurement scheme for texture in cubic metallic materials using time-of-flight neutron diffraction at iMATERIA. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 2016; 49 (5):1579-1584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusuke Onuki; Akinori Hoshikawa; Shigeo Sato; Pingguang Xu; Toru Ishigaki; Yoichi Saito; Hidekazu Todoroki; Makoto Hayashi. 2016. "Rapid measurement scheme for texture in cubic metallic materials using time-of-flight neutron diffraction at iMATERIA." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 5: 1579-1584.
Elastic deformation behaviors of as-cast and annealed eutectic and hypoeutectic Zr–Cu–Al bulk metallic glasses (BMG) were investigated on a basis of different strain-scales, determined by X-ray scattering and the strain gauge. The microscopic strains determined by Direct-space method and Reciprocal-space method were compared with the macroscopic strain measured by the strain gauge, and the difference in the deformation mechanism between eutectic and hypoeutectic Zr–Cu–Al BMGs was investigated by their correlation. The eutectic Zr50Cu40Al10 BMG obtains more homogeneous microstructure by free-volume annihilation after annealing, improving a resistance to deformation but degrading ductility because of a decrease in the volume fraction of weakly-bonded regions with relatively high mobility. On the other hand, the as-cast hypoeutectic Zr60Cu30Al10 BMG originally has homogeneous microstructure but loses its structural and elastic homogeneities because of nanocluster formation after annealing. Such structural changes by annealing might develop unique mechanical properties showing no degradations of ductility and toughness for the structural-relaxed hypoeutectic Zr60Cu30Al10 BMGs.
Hiroshi Suzuki; Rui Yamada; Shinki Tsubaki; Muneyuki Imafuku; Shigeo Sato; Tetsu Watanuki; Akihiko Machida; Junji Saida. Investigation of Elastic Deformation Mechanism in As-Cast and Annealed Eutectic and Hypoeutectic Zr–Cu–Al Metallic Glasses by Multiscale Strain Analysis. Metals 2016, 6, 12 .
AMA StyleHiroshi Suzuki, Rui Yamada, Shinki Tsubaki, Muneyuki Imafuku, Shigeo Sato, Tetsu Watanuki, Akihiko Machida, Junji Saida. Investigation of Elastic Deformation Mechanism in As-Cast and Annealed Eutectic and Hypoeutectic Zr–Cu–Al Metallic Glasses by Multiscale Strain Analysis. Metals. 2016; 6 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiroshi Suzuki; Rui Yamada; Shinki Tsubaki; Muneyuki Imafuku; Shigeo Sato; Tetsu Watanuki; Akihiko Machida; Junji Saida. 2016. "Investigation of Elastic Deformation Mechanism in As-Cast and Annealed Eutectic and Hypoeutectic Zr–Cu–Al Metallic Glasses by Multiscale Strain Analysis." Metals 6, no. 1: 12.
White X-ray microbeam diffraction was applied to investigate the microscopic deformation behavior of individual grains in a Cu-Al-Mn superelastic alloy. Strain/stresses were measured in situ at different positions in several grains having different orientations during a tensile test. The results indicated inhomogeneous stress distribution, both at the granular and intragranular scale. Strain/stress evolution showed reversible phenomena during the superelastic behavior of the tensile sample, probably because of the reversible martensitic transformation. However, strain recovery of the sample was incomplete due to the residual martensite, which results in the formation of local compressive residual stresses at grain boundary regions.
Eui Pyo Kwon; Shigeo Sato; Shun Fujieda; Kozo Shinoda; Ryosuke Kainuma; Kentaro Kajiwara; Masugu Sato; Shigeru Suzuki. Characterization of Deformation Behavior of Individual Grains in Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Mn Superelastic Alloy Using White X-ray Microbeam Diffraction. Metals 2015, 5, 1845 -1856.
AMA StyleEui Pyo Kwon, Shigeo Sato, Shun Fujieda, Kozo Shinoda, Ryosuke Kainuma, Kentaro Kajiwara, Masugu Sato, Shigeru Suzuki. Characterization of Deformation Behavior of Individual Grains in Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Mn Superelastic Alloy Using White X-ray Microbeam Diffraction. Metals. 2015; 5 (4):1845-1856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEui Pyo Kwon; Shigeo Sato; Shun Fujieda; Kozo Shinoda; Ryosuke Kainuma; Kentaro Kajiwara; Masugu Sato; Shigeru Suzuki. 2015. "Characterization of Deformation Behavior of Individual Grains in Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Mn Superelastic Alloy Using White X-ray Microbeam Diffraction." Metals 5, no. 4: 1845-1856.
Thulium imparts BaZrO 3 with the highest proton conductivity. A good correlation exists between proton conductivity and the chemical expansion effect as a result of the incorporation of protons. Various dopants were added to BaZrO 3 and the conductivities, the proton concentrations, the site occupancy of the dopants and the change in lattice volume as a result of chemical expansion were investigated. Lanthanide group dopants occupied both the Ba and Zr sites, but the amount of these dopants in the Ba site was too limited to significantly influence the conductivity. The samples doped with Yb, Tm, Er, Y and Ho showed both high proton concentrations and high conductivities, together with a relatively large lattice expansion as a result of hydration. We therefore suggest that, in most instances, the proton concentration, proton conductivity and lattice change as a result of chemical expansion were all correlated in proton conductive acceptor-doped BaZrO 3 . However, Sc-doped BaZrO 3 seemed to be different. Its proton concentration was high, but the conductivity and lattice change as a result of chemical expansion were relatively small. This indicates that the conductivity was strongly related to the lattice expansion resulting from hydration rather than simply the proton concentration.
Donglin Han; Kozo Shinoda; Shigeo Sato; Masatoshi Majima; Tetsuya Uda. Correlation between electroconductive and structural properties of proton conductive acceptor-doped barium zirconate. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014, 3, 1243 -1250.
AMA StyleDonglin Han, Kozo Shinoda, Shigeo Sato, Masatoshi Majima, Tetsuya Uda. Correlation between electroconductive and structural properties of proton conductive acceptor-doped barium zirconate. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2014; 3 (3):1243-1250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonglin Han; Kozo Shinoda; Shigeo Sato; Masatoshi Majima; Tetsuya Uda. 2014. "Correlation between electroconductive and structural properties of proton conductive acceptor-doped barium zirconate." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 3: 1243-1250.