Due to the emergence of Web 2.0 and consequently the increased use of social media, this study aims to explore the role of social media in changing the behavior of tourists and the choice of a destination. Despite the massive popularity of social media, the studies with a comprehensive set of driving constructs along with indicators of social media regarding the changing behavior of tourists are lacking in the literature. Therefore, framed by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the present study fulfills this research gap by developing a set of driving constructs and carrying out an empirical analysis by collecting data from millennials in the selected universities of the Czech Republic. Through the non-random sampling technique, precisely convenience sampling, 261 valid responses were received, and partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was performed to achieve the objectives of this study. The results indicate that social media channels have a significant impact on behavioral intention and the actual behavior of tourists (significant direct and indirect effect). The constructs tourist information search and tourism promotion were partially supported toward predicting the behavior of tourists. Control–variables related to socio-economic characteristics such as gender and educational level also have a significant impact in determining the actual behavior of tourists. Hence, overall, the study concludes with the significant and considerable impact of social media on the behavior of tourists. The contributions of the study and future directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

The study investigates the role of government in tourism competitiveness and underlying relationship based on the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model. The involvement of government in the process of tourism development is somehow crucial, however, this involvement should be controlled. The study uses time-series data and exploits a case study approach to fulfil the overlooked aspect of the tourism industry about the current theme under study. From the selected three countries in the Asia Pacific, the results indicate that China is close to the consolidation stage, India is in between the “Involvement” and “Development” stage, and Pakistan is in between the “Exploration” and “Involvement” stage, with reference to TALC model. The study concludes that the lower level of government involvement is needed for China, and a higher level of government involvement is needed for India and Pakistan to enhance the level of competitiveness.

This study examines the effect of destination image, cultural contact and perceived risk on revisit intention of Sikh pilgrims to Kartarpur temple, mediated by tourist satisfaction. The literature has debated the moderating effect of religiosity in a different tourism context. However, studies rarely investigate the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship of destination image, cultural contact and perceived risk with tourist satisfaction. This study follows a cross-sectional approach and self-administered survey method to collect data from 613 Sikh pilgrims who visited Kartarpur temple. A quantitative study with covariance-based structural equation modeling was employed to examine the research hypothesis through Amos 2 version. The results show that tourists’ satisfaction partially mediates the relationship of destination image and cultural contact with revisit intention. Nevertheless, perceived risk significantly affects the revisit intention effect via tourist satisfaction. So, tourist satisfaction was the significant mediator between destination image, cultural contact, perceived risk and revisit intentions. The findings confirm that the religiosity of Sikh pilgrims significantly moderates the relationship of destination image, cultural contact and perceived risk with revisit intentions. Practically, the findings offer the managers of such attractions to formulate suitable marketing strategies for developing the revisit intention and sustainable branding.

Purpose – green human resource management (GHRM) and green human capital (GHC) are relatively over- looked aspects in the existing literature of human resource management. Keeping in view, this systematic literature review attempts to highlight and explore its related avenues in the fresh domains of GHRM-GHC and provide a future research agenda for the development of knowledge. Research methodology – this study employs a systematic literature review methodology. The review analyses 25 studies especially focused on secondary data of peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2008 to 2020. Findings – this study demonstrated that green HRM is imperative for the implementation of environmental sustain- ability. More importantly, green human capital is considered an important strategic tool for HR managers and policy makers for devising human resource policies. Research limitations – this study only focus on articles reported in high-quality research journals. However, other scholarly materials, such as books and conference articles have not been included in the review analyses. Practical implications – this study provides guidelines to policymakers and managers to pay attention towards environ- mental sustainability and future research agenda to carry out analytical and empirical research. Originality/Value – this study enhances the body of knowledge on GHRM field. This study provides a pathway for scholars to explore the emerging areas of human resource management such as green intellectual capital and green human capital to achieve sustainable development and competitive advantage.