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Emilio Villa-González
Universidad de Granada

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Review
Published: 28 August 2021 in Diabetologia
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The aim of this work was to quantify racial/ethnic differences in risk for future diabetic complications and all-cause mortality by performing a meta-analysis of prospective studies. A systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE was performed from inception to May 2021. Prospective cohort studies that reported HRs and associated 95% CIs of diabetes complications and all-cause mortality among racial/ethnic groups, with White people as the reference group, were included. Study characteristics and HR estimates were extracted from each study. Estimates were pooled using random-effects inverse-variance model with the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman variance estimator. A total of 23 studies were included, comprising 2,416,516 individuals diagnosed with diabetes (White 59.3%, Black 11.2%, Asian 1.3%, Hispanic-American 2.4%, Native American 0.2%, East Asian 1.9%, South Asian 0.8%, Pacific Islander 2.3%, Māori 2.4% and others 18.2%). Compared with White individuals with diabetes, individuals of Māori ethnicity were at higher risk for all-cause mortality (HR 1.88 [95% CI 1.61, 2.21]; I2 = 7.1%), Hispanic-American individuals had a significantly lower risk for CVD (HR 0.66 [95% CI 0.53, 0.81]; I2 = 0%) and Black individuals had higher risk for end-stage renal disease (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.05, 2.24]; I2 = 95.4%). No significant higher risk for diabetes complications was found in other racial/ethnic groups relative to White people. Racial/ethnic differences exist in the risk for future diabetic complications and all-cause mortality. Our results support the use of such categories for international diabetes clinical guideline recommendations until better predictors become available. Efforts to identify high-risk groups and to better control cardiovascular risk factors across ethnically diverse populations are therefore needed. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42021239274.

ACS Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. Racial differences in all-cause mortality and future complications among people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from more than 2.4 million individuals. Diabetologia 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso. Racial differences in all-cause mortality and future complications among people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from more than 2.4 million individuals. Diabetologia. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. 2021. "Racial differences in all-cause mortality and future complications among people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from more than 2.4 million individuals." Diabetologia , no. : 1-13.

Original article
Published: 26 July 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which adolescents with and without visual and hearing-related problems meet physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time (ST) recommendations in a representative Colombian sample. A total of 35,404 adolescents aged 13–17 years were included from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (ENSE) (Colombia). Sociodemographic-related information, anthropometric variables, PA, ST, and both visual- and hearing-related problems were collected by self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of adolescents meeting with PA, ST, and both recommendations was 14.8%, 53.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Both sexes with visual- (males: OR=0.70, 95%CI 0.59–0.83; females: OR=0.73, 95%CI 0.61–0.88) and hearing-related problems (males, OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.61–0.93; females, OR=0.76, 95%CI 0.61–0.94) are less likely to meet combined recommendations. Sensory problems such as vision- and hearing-related problems could be considered key barriers to engagement in PA and facilitators of recreational ST in Colombian adolescents.

ACS Style

José Francisco López‐Gil; Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez; María Eugenia Flórez‐López; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García‐Hermoso. Meeting physical activity and screen time among Colombian adolescents with or without sensory‐related problems. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

José Francisco López‐Gil, Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez, María Eugenia Flórez‐López, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García‐Hermoso. Meeting physical activity and screen time among Colombian adolescents with or without sensory‐related problems. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Francisco López‐Gil; Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez; María Eugenia Flórez‐López; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García‐Hermoso. 2021. "Meeting physical activity and screen time among Colombian adolescents with or without sensory‐related problems." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Sedentary behavior (SB) is influenced by variations in social, cultural and economic contexts. This study assesses the test–retest reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ), a self-report tool that examines total and domain-specific SB in a cohort of young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 447 Colombian college students (52.8% men; mean (± standard deviation) age of 19.55 ± 2.54 years). To assess the reliability of the YLSBQ, Kappa statistics (k) were used. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine validity. The Cronbach alpha for the 12 behaviors of the YLSBQ showed a good-to-excellent internal consistency (0.867, ranging from 0.715–0.935). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that 10 items (83.0%) and two items (17.0%) showed excellent and good reliability, respectively. Furthermore, ICC between the total sedentary time was 0.926 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.912 − 0.939), which was interpreted as excellent. The goodness-of-fit tests provided evidence that overall, a four-factor solution was an adequate fit with the time scores. In conclusion, the YLSBQ could be considered a reliable, valid and usable tool for the assessment of SB in young adults in a Latin American country. We found that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were similar to those of the original Spanish validation study.

ACS Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio; Hugo Carrillo-Arango; María Correa-Rodríguez; Diego Rivera; José Castro-Piñero; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7895 .

AMA Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio, Hugo Carrillo-Arango, María Correa-Rodríguez, Diego Rivera, José Castro-Piñero, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7895.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio; Hugo Carrillo-Arango; María Correa-Rodríguez; Diego Rivera; José Castro-Piñero; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. 2021. "Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7895.

Article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength attenuates the negative relationship between age and olfactory function in a representative US population sample 40 years old and over. A cross-sectional study was performed with 2861 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES (2013–2014). An 8-item odor identification test was applied to determine olfactory function. Muscle strength was determined through a handgrip dynamometer (defined as the sum of the largest handgrip strength reading from right and left hands). Moderation analysis was performed to test whether the association between age and olfactory impairment was moderated by handgrip strength. Moderation analysis highlighted two regions of significance: the first region was found at < 56.6 kg, indicating that the adverse influence of age on olfactory function may be greater for the participants in this area; the second region was found at ≥ 56.6 kg, indicating that the negative impact of age on olfactory function disappeared for adults who were above this estimate point. In conclusion, handgrip strength, a general indicator of muscle strength, moderates the relationship between age and olfactory ability in a US adult population aged 40 years and older. Our findings are clinically relevant, since they emphasize the importance of muscular fitness in adulthood and old age by diminishing the deleterious effect of aging on olfactory performance.

ACS Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; José Francisco López-Gil; Mikel López Sáez de Asteasu; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. Handgrip strength as a moderator of the influence of age on olfactory impairment in US adult population ≥ 40 years of age. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, José Francisco López-Gil, Mikel López Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso. Handgrip strength as a moderator of the influence of age on olfactory impairment in US adult population ≥ 40 years of age. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; José Francisco López-Gil; Mikel López Sáez de Asteasu; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. 2021. "Handgrip strength as a moderator of the influence of age on olfactory impairment in US adult population ≥ 40 years of age." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Journal of Movement & Health
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PDF (English) Resumen Key Points •The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has restricted the physical activity of people of all ages worldwide, especially in young people. •Create healthy measures to control COVID-19 spreading, such as promoting active transport as cycling and walking, may represent a public health opportunity. •The promotion of active transport to/from school has not been sufficiently promoted during COVID-19 times. •Active school transport is a clear promising strategy for young people to contribute to minimizing COVID- 19 consequences because it can easily respect physical distancing, occurs outdoors, promotes healthy behaviors, increases environmental engagement, and decreases pollution through reduced automobile use.

ACS Style

Emilio Villa González; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Palma Chillón Garzón. Active transport to school as a prevention policy in the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Movement & Health 2021, 19, 1 .

AMA Style

Emilio Villa González, Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Palma Chillón Garzón. Active transport to school as a prevention policy in the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Movement & Health. 2021; 19 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio Villa González; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Palma Chillón Garzón. 2021. "Active transport to school as a prevention policy in the COVID19 pandemic." Journal of Movement & Health 19, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 29 June 2021 in British Journal of Sports Medicine
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Objective To determine the effects of interventions aimed at optimising the quantity and quality of physical education (PE) on cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Studies from electronic databases from inception to 3 January 2021 were identified. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Experimental studies that assessed the effect of quantity-based (ie, increasing the amount of curriculum time allocated to PE) or quality-based (ie, increasing students’ participation in physical activity during PE) PE interventions, or both, on changes in cognition and/or academic performance in youth (aged 5–18 years) were included. Results 19 trials comprising 8676 youth (46.5% girls) were included. Individual quality-based PE interventions increased cognition performance (Hedges’ g=0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.60; I 2=83.70%), mainly in primary education settings (g=0.48, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.89; I 2=90.43%). Academic performance, principally mathematics-related skills, was also increased by quality-based PE interventions (g=0.15, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.24; I 2=41.75%). Among these interventions, teaching strategies favoured similar results, but without heterogeneity in the results (g=0.12, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18; I 2=0%). In contrast, quantity-based PE interventions had a very small and non-significant effect on academic performance (g=0.09, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.24; Q=11.65; I 2=48.48%). Finally, there were no differences between the three PE interventions (ie, quantity, quality, and combined PE interventions) in regard to academic performance. Conclusion Improving the quality of PE classes may improve students’ cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Importantly, allocating more time for PE does not seem to compromise this performance.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; David Revalds Lubans; Mikel Izquierdo. Effects of physical education interventions on cognition and academic performance outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio García-Hermoso, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, David Revalds Lubans, Mikel Izquierdo. Effects of physical education interventions on cognition and academic performance outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; David Revalds Lubans; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Effects of physical education interventions on cognition and academic performance outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine , no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 09 June 2021 in European Journal of Pediatrics
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The aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength is associated with cardiometabolic risk in children. The secondary aim was to establish sex-specific handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk. A total sample of 452 Chilean children (267 girls and 185 boys) aged 7–9 years old was analyzed. Muscle fitness was measured by an adjustable dynamometer and normalized by body mass (i.e., handgrip strength/body mass). Sex-specific cardiometabolic risk scores were computed as the sum of the waist-to-height ratio (Equation 1) or waist circumference (Equation 2) and insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and glycemia levels. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses were performed to identify those with cardiometabolic risk scores > 1 standard deviation above the mean. ROC analyses showed a significant discriminating accuracy of normalized handgrip strength in identifying cardiometabolic risk in boys (≤ 0.33) and girls (≤ 0.40) using both equations. The highest sensitivity was offered by Equation 2 for boys [46%; 95% CI (32–59%)] and for girls [71%; 95% CI (60–80)]. The greatest specificity was also offered by Equation 2 for boys [82%; 95% CI (74–88)] and girls [63%; 95% CI (55–70)]. Since the values obtained by ROC analyses are low (especially in boys), caution is warranted regarding the strength of the existing evidence base. Conclusion: These specific cut-off points according to sex for possible cardiometabolic risk could be used by Chilean health professionals and school staff as an initial assessment in the field setting.

ACS Style

José Francisco López-Gil; Gerardo Weisstaub; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso. Handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk in Chilean children. European Journal of Pediatrics 2021, 1 -7.

AMA Style

José Francisco López-Gil, Gerardo Weisstaub, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Antonio García-Hermoso. Handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk in Chilean children. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2021; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Francisco López-Gil; Gerardo Weisstaub; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso. 2021. "Handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk in Chilean children." European Journal of Pediatrics , no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Rejuvenation Research
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Introduction: Clinically viable screening tools for detecting individuals at heightened risk for mobility limitations is warranted. However, it remains unclear in acutely hospitalized patients (> 75 years) whether handgrip strength might be a good predictor for “proxy” muscle strength. Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of handgrip strength test in acute hospitalized older adults in comparison with other standardized muscular strength tests, and (ii) to examine its ability to discriminate between presence and absence of mobility limitations. Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings and participants: A total of 223 patients (mean 86.5 years old, 46% women) admitted to a tertiary public hospital between 2016 and 2017 were recruited. Methods: Maximal (1RM) and power muscle output of the upper and lower extremity along with functional capacity (as assessed with Barthel index and the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), and cognitive function was measured at admission. Functional impairment (mobility limitations) was defined at SPPB≤7 points. Pearson's correlation and multivariable linear regression were evaluated between handgrip test and maximal and muscle power output as the reference method to assess concurrent validity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to estimate handgrip strength cutoff point for likelihood of mobility limitations to assess predictive validity. Results: Findings show moderate-to-strong correlations between standardized muscular strength (reference methods) and handgrip strength test (r= 0.501 to 0.779). All muscular strength tests show moderate accuracy (area under curve >0.7). Handgrip strength shows the higher positive predictive value (87%), and therefore a lower number of false positives. The overall handgrip strength cutoff point for likelihood of mobility limitations was 18.4 kg for men and women. Conclusions and Implications: Handgrip strength may be a useful tool for detecting acutely hospitalized older who are at risk of mobility limitations and could aid in focusing interventions on those with higher risk.

ACS Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. Handgrip Strength as a Complementary Test for Mobility Limitations Assessment in Acutely Hospitalized Oldest Old. Rejuvenation Research 2021, 24, 213 -219.

AMA Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu, Nicolás Martínez-Velilla, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo. Handgrip Strength as a Complementary Test for Mobility Limitations Assessment in Acutely Hospitalized Oldest Old. Rejuvenation Research. 2021; 24 (3):213-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Handgrip Strength as a Complementary Test for Mobility Limitations Assessment in Acutely Hospitalized Oldest Old." Rejuvenation Research 24, no. 3: 213-219.

Original article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
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Summary Background Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of overall strength; therefore, individual HGS measurements should be interpreted using geographic region and ethnic group references. Aims The aim of this study was to develop new normative values for absolute and relative HGS in the Colombian population after stratification by sex, age, and body mass using the large National Representative Nutrition Survey 2015. Methods This cross-sectional study included 3803 subjects aged 6–64 years. Absolute HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip, and normalized HGS was calculated by dividing the HGS by body mass. Smoothed centile tables for the P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97 centiles were calculated using Cole's lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. This study used a cutoff at 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define weak, absolute and relative HGS. Results In men, HGS peaked at 26–33 years of age (~43.0 kg in P50), especially in the upper centiles, and fell away quickly. The pattern was different in females, where this value peaked at ages 25–33 (~26.0 kg in P50). We found a curvilinear pattern for HGS that declined with age in both sexes. There was significant variation in the slope for HGS in men and women around the age of 25 and 35 years, respectively. Conclusion The normative values presented here are a valuable source of information for the clinical assessment of HGS and for comparison with studies from other countries.

ACS Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; David Rincón-Pabón; Jorge E. Correa-Bautista; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. Handgrip strength: Normative reference values in males and females aged 6–64 Years old in a Colombian population. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2021, 44, 379 -386.

AMA Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, David Rincón-Pabón, Jorge E. Correa-Bautista, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo. Handgrip strength: Normative reference values in males and females aged 6–64 Years old in a Colombian population. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2021; 44 ():379-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; David Rincón-Pabón; Jorge E. Correa-Bautista; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Handgrip strength: Normative reference values in males and females aged 6–64 Years old in a Colombian population." Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 44, no. : 379-386.

Letter to the editor
Published: 20 May 2021 in Sports Medicine
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ACS Style

Alan M. Nevill; Roger Ramsbottom; Gavin Sandercock; Carlos Eduardo Bocachica-González; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Grant Tomkinson. Response to the Comment by Armstrong and Welsman on ‘Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth’. Sports Medicine 2021, 51, 1595 -1597.

AMA Style

Alan M. Nevill, Roger Ramsbottom, Gavin Sandercock, Carlos Eduardo Bocachica-González, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Grant Tomkinson. Response to the Comment by Armstrong and Welsman on ‘Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth’. Sports Medicine. 2021; 51 (7):1595-1597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan M. Nevill; Roger Ramsbottom; Gavin Sandercock; Carlos Eduardo Bocachica-González; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Grant Tomkinson. 2021. "Response to the Comment by Armstrong and Welsman on ‘Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth’." Sports Medicine 51, no. 7: 1595-1597.

Review
Published: 28 April 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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Introduction The inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in apparently healthy populations has been previously reported; however, the existence of this association among adults diagnosed with cancer is unclear. Aim To determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer. Methods Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Eligible prospective cohort studies that examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from studies for all‐cause mortality and pooled HRs were calculated using the random‐effects inverse‐variance model with the Hartung‐Knapp‐Sidik‐Jonkman adjustment. Results Data from 13 studies with 6,486 adults were included. Compared with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, high levels were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality among adults diagnosed with any cancer (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.77), lung cancer (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.83), and among those with cardiorespiratory fitness measurement via indirect calorimetry (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27–0.80). Pooled HRs for the reduction in all‐cause mortality risk per 1‐MET increase were also statistically significant (HR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.99). Neither age at baseline nor the length of follow‐up had a significant influence on the HR estimates for all‐cause mortality risk. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness may confer an independent protective benefit against all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer. The use of cardiorespiratory fitness as a prognostic parameter might help determine risk for future adverse clinical events and optimize therapeutic management strategies to reduce long‐term treatment‐related effects in adults diagnosed with cancer.

ACS Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar; Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez‐Velilla; Fabricio Zambom‐Ferraresi; Felipe Lobelo; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García‐Hermoso. Cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 1745 -1752.

AMA Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar, Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez, Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu, Nicolás Martínez‐Velilla, Fabricio Zambom‐Ferraresi, Felipe Lobelo, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García‐Hermoso. Cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (9):1745-1752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasmin Ezzatvar; Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez‐Velilla; Fabricio Zambom‐Ferraresi; Felipe Lobelo; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García‐Hermoso. 2021. "Cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer systematic review and meta‐analysis." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 9: 1745-1752.

Population study article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Pediatric Research
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Increasing evidence highlights the role of muscular strength as a protective factor for cardiometabolic health in adolescents. However, it is not known the relationship between liver enzyme concentrations, liver disease risk factors, and muscular strength among young populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association between muscle strength and liver enzymes and chronic liver disease risk among US adolescents. Data from the NHANES cross-sectional study (2011–2014) was used. A total of 1270 adolescents were included in the final analysis (12–17 years old). Absolute handgrip strength (kg) was normalized according to body composition parameters by body weight [NHSw], whole-body fat [NHSf], and trunk fat [NHSt]). In boys, handgrip strength was inversely associated with higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) for all estimations of muscle strength (NHSw, NHSf, and NHSt) (p < 0.050). Likewise, boys with high and intermediate NHSw, NHSf, and NHSt presented lower AST and GGT than their counterparts with low handgrip strength (p < 0.050). Our findings highlight the importance of muscular strength during adolescence since they could help in developing better liver enzyme profiles among adolescent population.

ACS Style

José Francisco López-Gil; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Jorge Alarcón-Jiménez; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. Low handgrip strength is associated with higher liver enzyme concentrations in US adolescents. Pediatric Research 2021, 1 -7.

AMA Style

José Francisco López-Gil, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Jorge Alarcón-Jiménez, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso. Low handgrip strength is associated with higher liver enzyme concentrations in US adolescents. Pediatric Research. 2021; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Francisco López-Gil; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Jorge Alarcón-Jiménez; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. 2021. "Low handgrip strength is associated with higher liver enzyme concentrations in US adolescents." Pediatric Research , no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Higher sedentary time and lower physical activity (PA) are associated with a poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the sedentary time, objectively measured PA levels (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)), and HRQoL dimensions (physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, school, and total score) in children; and (2) to examine the association between sedentary time, PA levels, and HRQoL in children separately by sex. A total of 459 children (8.4 ± 0.4 years old, 50.54% males) from 15 schools in Granada (Spain) participated in the study. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA levels in the children for 7 consecutive days. The Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL-R) questionnaire was used to determine the children’s HRQoL dimensions. The results showed that males presented more minutes engaged in MVPA than females. Both sedentary time and PA levels were associated with self-esteem and total score (all p < 0.05). In males, moderate and vigorous PA levels were associated with higher HRQoL, whereas light PA was associated with higher HRQoL in females. Future studies should take into account the use of activities with difference intensities in order to increase HRQoL in males and females.

ACS Style

Manuel Ávila-García; María Esojo-Rivas; Emilio Villa-González; Pablo Tercedor; Francisco Huertas-Delgado. Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2702 .

AMA Style

Manuel Ávila-García, María Esojo-Rivas, Emilio Villa-González, Pablo Tercedor, Francisco Huertas-Delgado. Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Ávila-García; María Esojo-Rivas; Emilio Villa-González; Pablo Tercedor; Francisco Huertas-Delgado. 2021. "Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2702.

Study protocol
Published: 20 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol of a school-based randomized controlled trial called “Cycling and Walk to School” (PACO, by its Spanish acronym) that aims to promote cycling to and from school and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. This study will examine the effects of this intervention in cycling and active commuting to and from school (ACS), PA and several ACS-related factors based on self-determination theory (SDT) and a social-ecological model (SEM). A total of 360 adolescents attending six high schools (three experimental and three control) from three Spanish cities will participate in this randomized controlled trial. The intervention (four cycling sessions; 1–2 h per session, one session per week) will be conducted by the research staff; the control group will continue their usual activities. PA levels will be measured by accelerometers, whereas ACS and the other study variables will be self-reported using questionnaires at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcomes will be: rates of cycling to school, ACS and PA levels. In addition, SDT-related variables and individual, interpersonal, community, and environment variables relevant to ACS will be based on SEM. The findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the short-term effects of this school-based intervention on cycling to school behaviour, ACS and PA levels in Spanish adolescents.

ACS Style

Palma Chillón; Patricia Gálvez-Fernández; Francisco Huertas-Delgado; Manuel Herrador-Colmenero; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Emilio Villa-González; María Aranda-Balboa; Romina Saucedo-Araujo; Pablo Campos-Garzón; Daniel Molina-Soberanes; José Segura-Díaz; Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Amador Lara-Sánchez; Ana Queralt; Javier Molina-García; Enrique Bengoechea; Sandra Mandic. A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2066 .

AMA Style

Palma Chillón, Patricia Gálvez-Fernández, Francisco Huertas-Delgado, Manuel Herrador-Colmenero, Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Emilio Villa-González, María Aranda-Balboa, Romina Saucedo-Araujo, Pablo Campos-Garzón, Daniel Molina-Soberanes, José Segura-Díaz, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Amador Lara-Sánchez, Ana Queralt, Javier Molina-García, Enrique Bengoechea, Sandra Mandic. A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):2066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Palma Chillón; Patricia Gálvez-Fernández; Francisco Huertas-Delgado; Manuel Herrador-Colmenero; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Emilio Villa-González; María Aranda-Balboa; Romina Saucedo-Araujo; Pablo Campos-Garzón; Daniel Molina-Soberanes; José Segura-Díaz; Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Amador Lara-Sánchez; Ana Queralt; Javier Molina-García; Enrique Bengoechea; Sandra Mandic. 2021. "A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 2066.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 01 February 2021 in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
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Background During the period of hospitalization, patients can develop functional decline. The main aim of our study was to assess the natural trajectory of each activity of daily living (ADL) and to assess how in-hospital exercise could influence short-term trajectory of ADLs. Method Acutely hospitalized patients (n = 297, 56.5% women) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control (usual care) group within the first 48 hours of admission. An exercise training program was prescribed in 2 daily sessions (morning and evening) of 20 minutes duration during 5–7 consecutive days for the intervention group. The primary endpoint was the change in every ADL (assessed with the Barthel Index) from 2 weeks before admission to hospital discharge. Results Acute hospitalization per se led to significant in-patient’s functional ability impairment in ADLs during hospitalization, whereas the exercise intervention reversed this trend (3.7 points; 95% CI: 0.5–6.8 points). After analyzing the trajectory of each one of the ADLs, patients in the control group significantly worsened all activities, but with a different degree of loss. For the between-group analysis, significant differences were obtained in many ADLs including bathing, dressing, grooming, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs (p < .05). The control group had the greatest impairment in all domains analyzed (ie, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, bowel control, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs; p < .05). Conclusions An individualized multicomponent exercise training program in older adults is effective to reverse the loss of specific ADLs that frequently occurs during hospitalization. Each patient profile should receive an individualized prescription of exercise during hospitalizations. Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT02300896.

ACS Style

Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. Recovery of the Decline in Activities of Daily Living After Hospitalization Through an Individualized Exercise Program: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Nicolás Martínez-Velilla, Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo. Recovery of the Decline in Activities of Daily Living After Hospitalization Through an Individualized Exercise Program: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Antonio García-Hermoso; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Recovery of the Decline in Activities of Daily Living After Hospitalization Through an Individualized Exercise Program: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial." The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , no. : 1.

Research letters
Published: 21 January 2021 in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
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ACS Style

Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso; Eduardo L. Cadore; Mikel Izquierdo. Exercise Effects on Brain and Muscle Function in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients Assessed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2021, 22, 875 -876.

AMA Style

Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu, Nicolás Martínez-Velilla, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Antonio García-Hermoso, Eduardo L. Cadore, Mikel Izquierdo. Exercise Effects on Brain and Muscle Function in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients Assessed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2021; 22 (4):875-876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso; Eduardo L. Cadore; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Exercise Effects on Brain and Muscle Function in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients Assessed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 22, no. 4: 875-876.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Background: Choreographic group-based fitness classes are the most common type of physical activity practiced by women, being a viable and sustainable strategy to improve general health. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a 16-week healthy lifestyle program, based on choreographic fitness classes, on cardiometabolic health-related anthropometric indices and metabolic blood profile among overweight sedentary women. Methods: A total of 50 overweight (Body Mass Index = 27.68 ± 1.19 kg/m2) middle-aged women (39.73 ± 7.41 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental exercise group based on structured choreographic fitness classes (CFC) with the Zumba Fitness program (3 days/week; 60 min/session) (CFC = 30) or a non-exercise control group (CG = 20). The anthropometric indices (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, a body shape index, conicity index, abdominal volume index, and body adiposity index), blood pressure, glycemia, and blood lipid profile [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)] were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Results: 40 participants competed the pre/post measures. Post-intervention, the CFC group (n = 25) presented a significant improvement in all anthropometric indices as well as in TG, HDL, and LDL as compared with the CG (n = 15). Conclusion: A 16-week healthy lifestyle program based on structured choreographic fitness classes with the Zumba Fitness program (3 days/week; 60 min/session) could significantly improve cardiometabolic health-related anthropometric indices and the blood lipid profile in overweight sedentary middle-aged women.

ACS Style

Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Emilio Villa-González. Choreographic Group-Based Fitness Classes Improve Cardiometabolic Health-Related Anthropometric Indices and Blood Lipids Profile in Overweight Sedentary Women. Sustainability 2021, 13, 972 .

AMA Style

Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Emilio Villa-González. Choreographic Group-Based Fitness Classes Improve Cardiometabolic Health-Related Anthropometric Indices and Blood Lipids Profile in Overweight Sedentary Women. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Emilio Villa-González. 2021. "Choreographic Group-Based Fitness Classes Improve Cardiometabolic Health-Related Anthropometric Indices and Blood Lipids Profile in Overweight Sedentary Women." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 972.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Objectives. We investigated the association between physical fitness and cognitive status. Further, we examined whether physical fitness mediates the association between cognitive functioning and aging. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Urban and rural Colombian older adults. Methods. 4416 participants from the SABE study were included in the current analysis. Physical fitness was assessed with the handgrip test and the usual gait speed test. Cognitive status was evaluated through the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. A parallel mediation path was used to test the possible mediator role of physical fitness between aging and cognitive functioning. Results. Older adults with lower handgrip strength (HGS) were more likely to have mild-cognitive status than older adults with healthy HGS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.02). In addition, older adults with a slower gait speed were more likely to have mild cognitive impairment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.54; 2.78). Age had an inverse relationship with cognitive function (β = −0.110, 95% CI = −0.130; −0.100) and it was also inversely associated with HGS (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.005; −0.002) and gait speed (β = −0.010, 95% CI = −0.011; −0.009). The indirect effects, which indicate that the effect of age on cognitive function is transmitted through mediators, showed that both gait speed (β = −0.028, 95% CI = −0.036; −0.020) and HGS (β = −0.014, 95% CI = −0.024; −0.005) were independent mediators of the detrimental effect of aging on cognitive function. Conclusions. Physical fitness mediates the effects of aging on cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that physical activity can be a key factor to prevent cognitive deterioration during aging process.

ACS Style

Miguel Pérez-Sousa; Jesús del Pozo-Cruz; Pedro Olivares; Carlos Cano-Gutiérrez; Mikel Izquierdo; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Role for Physical Fitness in the Association between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of the SABE Colombia Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 751 .

AMA Style

Miguel Pérez-Sousa, Jesús del Pozo-Cruz, Pedro Olivares, Carlos Cano-Gutiérrez, Mikel Izquierdo, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Role for Physical Fitness in the Association between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of the SABE Colombia Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Pérez-Sousa; Jesús del Pozo-Cruz; Pedro Olivares; Carlos Cano-Gutiérrez; Mikel Izquierdo; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. 2021. "Role for Physical Fitness in the Association between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of the SABE Colombia Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 751.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: A better understanding of the effects of the lockdown on lifestyle behaviors may help to guide the public health response to COVID-19 at a national level and to update the global strategy to respond COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on device-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep and self-regulation; and to determine whether PA and sleep are related to self-regulation problems during the lockdown. Methods: PA, sedentary time and sleep were assessed using accelerometry in the week in which the Spanish national state of alarm was declared (n = 21). Parents reported preschooler’s self-regulation difficulties (internalizing and externalizing) before (n = 268) and during the lockdown (n = 157) by a validated questionnaire. Results: Preschoolers showed a decrease in total PA (mean difference [MD] = −43.3 min per day, 95% CI −68.1 to −18.5), sleep efficiency (MD = −2.09%, 95% CI −4.12 to −0.05), an increase in sedentary time (MD = 50.2 min per day, 95% CI 17.1 to 83.3) internalizing (MD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.28) and externalizing (MD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44) problems. Preschoolers who met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA had lower internalizing scores than non-active peers (MD = −1.28, 95% CI −2.53 to −0.03). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of meeting PA recommendations to reduce psychosocial difficulties during a lockdown situation.

ACS Style

Alicia Alonso-Martínez; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Yesenia García-Alonso; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 693 .

AMA Style

Alicia Alonso-Martínez, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Yesenia García-Alonso, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alicia Alonso-Martínez; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Yesenia García-Alonso; Mikel Izquierdo; Antonio García-Hermoso. 2021. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 693.

Review
Published: 14 January 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to appraise the acute effects of exercise training on inflammatory parameters in hospitalized older adults. We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Web of Science, Medline and PubMed were searched for studies published until August 2020. The review included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated and compared the effect of exercise versus usual care on inflammatory parameters in acutely hospitalized older adults. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies. The quality of all the included studies was assessed using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects inverse-variance model. Five studies (275 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions included resistance or multicomponent intervention programs. The results indicate that, compared with usual care, exercise interventions have a positive impact on overall inflammatory parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) (Hedge’s g = −0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.33 to −0.04, p = 0.011, I2 = 0%). However, analyses of individual inflammatory parameters revealed a non-significant trend for reductions in CRP (Hedge’s g = −0.20, 95% CI −0.47 to 0.07, p = 0.151, I2 = 31.2%) and IGF-I (Hedge’s g = −0.34, 95% CI −0.79 to 0.11, p = 0.138, I2 = 0%). On the basis of this review, we conclude that exercise during acute hospitalization offers a mild improvement in the inflammatory profile over usual care in older patients. Nevertheless, due to limited number of RCTs, our findings must be interpreted with caution and confirmed in future studies.

ACS Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Anel Recarey; Mikel Izquierdo. Effects of Exercise Interventions on Inflammatory Parameters in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 290 .

AMA Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Antonio García-Hermoso, Nicolás Martínez-Velilla, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu, Anel Recarey, Mikel Izquierdo. Effects of Exercise Interventions on Inflammatory Parameters in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (2):290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Antonio García-Hermoso; Nicolás Martínez-Velilla; Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi; Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu; Anel Recarey; Mikel Izquierdo. 2021. "Effects of Exercise Interventions on Inflammatory Parameters in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2: 290.