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Dr. Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
Public University of Navarra

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Review
Published: 27 July 2021 in Sports Medicine
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Physical fitness is an important marker of current and future health status, yet the association between physical fitness and indicators of mental health in youth has not been systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. The aim of this work was to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between physical fitness components (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, speed-agility, flexibility and fitness composite) and mental health indicators (i.e. psychological well-being and psychological ill-being) in preschoolers, children and adolescents. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from database inception to May 2020. Studies (cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention designs) were included if they measured at least one physical fitness component and one mental health indicator in healthy youth (2-18 years). A total of 58 unique studies (52 cross-sectional, 4 longitudinal and 4 intervention studies) met all eligibility criteria and were included. There was a significant positive overall association between physical fitness and mental health in children and adolescents (pooled r = 0.206, p < 0.001). We found suggestive evidence of moderation by age group, fitness components and socioeconomic status (all p < 0.08). No relevant studies focusing on preschoolers were identified. Evidence based on longitudinal and intervention studies was limited. We observed a small to medium sized positive association between physical fitness and overall mental health in youth. However, as the majority of studies were cross-sectional, additional longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to provide evidence of causation. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017080005.

ACS Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Alejandra Mena-Molina; Lucia V. Torres-Lopez; Jairo H. Migueles; María Rodriguez-Ayllon; David R. Lubans; Francisco B. Ortega. Healthier Minds in Fitter Bodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Youth. Sports Medicine 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Alejandra Mena-Molina, Lucia V. Torres-Lopez, Jairo H. Migueles, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, David R. Lubans, Francisco B. Ortega. Healthier Minds in Fitter Bodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Youth. Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Alejandra Mena-Molina; Lucia V. Torres-Lopez; Jairo H. Migueles; María Rodriguez-Ayllon; David R. Lubans; Francisco B. Ortega. 2021. "Healthier Minds in Fitter Bodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Youth." Sports Medicine , no. : 1.

Correction
Published: 28 May 2021 in BMC Pediatrics
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ACS Style

Patricio Solis-Urra; Jorge Olivares-Arancibia; Ernesto Suarez-Cadenas; Javier Sanchez-Martinez; Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Francisco B. Ortega; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Jose Castro-Piñero; Alejandro Veloz; Steren Chabert; Kabir P. Sadarangani; Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton; Jairo H. Migueles; Jose Mora-Gonzalez; Milton Quiroz-Escobar; Diego Almonte-Espinoza; Alfonso Urzúa; Constantino D. Dragicevic; Aland Astudillo; Eduardo Méndez-Gassibe; Daniel Riquelme-Uribe; Marcela Jarpa Azagra; Carlos Cristi-Montero. Correction to: Study protocol and rationale of the “Cogniaction project” a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren. BMC Pediatrics 2021, 21, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Patricio Solis-Urra, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Ernesto Suarez-Cadenas, Javier Sanchez-Martinez, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Francisco B. Ortega, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jose Castro-Piñero, Alejandro Veloz, Steren Chabert, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton, Jairo H. Migueles, Jose Mora-Gonzalez, Milton Quiroz-Escobar, Diego Almonte-Espinoza, Alfonso Urzúa, Constantino D. Dragicevic, Aland Astudillo, Eduardo Méndez-Gassibe, Daniel Riquelme-Uribe, Marcela Jarpa Azagra, Carlos Cristi-Montero. Correction to: Study protocol and rationale of the “Cogniaction project” a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren. BMC Pediatrics. 2021; 21 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricio Solis-Urra; Jorge Olivares-Arancibia; Ernesto Suarez-Cadenas; Javier Sanchez-Martinez; Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Francisco B. Ortega; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Jose Castro-Piñero; Alejandro Veloz; Steren Chabert; Kabir P. Sadarangani; Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton; Jairo H. Migueles; Jose Mora-Gonzalez; Milton Quiroz-Escobar; Diego Almonte-Espinoza; Alfonso Urzúa; Constantino D. Dragicevic; Aland Astudillo; Eduardo Méndez-Gassibe; Daniel Riquelme-Uribe; Marcela Jarpa Azagra; Carlos Cristi-Montero. 2021. "Correction to: Study protocol and rationale of the “Cogniaction project” a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren." BMC Pediatrics 21, no. 1: 1-1.

Letter to the editor
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Hepatology
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ACS Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Fernando Idoate; Arantxa Villanueva; Rafael Cabeza; Idoia Labayen. Intermuscular abdominal fat fraction and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Does the link already exist at childhood? Journal of Hepatology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Fernando Idoate, Arantxa Villanueva, Rafael Cabeza, Idoia Labayen. Intermuscular abdominal fat fraction and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Does the link already exist at childhood? Journal of Hepatology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Fernando Idoate; Arantxa Villanueva; Rafael Cabeza; Idoia Labayen. 2021. "Intermuscular abdominal fat fraction and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Does the link already exist at childhood?" Journal of Hepatology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Sensors
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Accelerometers’ accuracy for sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classification depends on accelerometer placement, data processing, activities, and sample characteristics. As intensities differ by age, this study sought to determine intensity cut-points at various wear locations people more than 70 years old. Data from 59 older adults were used for calibration and from 21 independent participants for cross-validation purposes. Participants wore accelerometers on their hip and wrists while performing activities and having their energy expenditure measured with portable calorimetry. ST and MVPA were defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) and ≥3 METs (1 MET = 2.8 mL/kg/min), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses showed fair-to-good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62–0.89). ST cut-points were 7 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.80) and 1 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 18 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.86) and 102 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.92) for the non-dominant wrist; and 22 mg and 175 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. MVPA cut-points were 14 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.99) and 54 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 60 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.99) and 182 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) for the non-dominant wrist; and 64 mg and 268 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. These cut-points can classify ST and MVPA in older adults from hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers.

ACS Style

Jairo Migueles; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Juan Alcantara; Javier Leal-Martín; Asier Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Nancy Glynn; Eric Shiroma. Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults. Sensors 2021, 21, 3326 .

AMA Style

Jairo Migueles, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Juan Alcantara, Javier Leal-Martín, Asier Mañas, Ignacio Ara, Nancy Glynn, Eric Shiroma. Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults. Sensors. 2021; 21 (10):3326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jairo Migueles; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Juan Alcantara; Javier Leal-Martín; Asier Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Nancy Glynn; Eric Shiroma. 2021. "Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults." Sensors 21, no. 10: 3326.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Nutrients
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Dietary habits have been linked with health in childhood. However, few studies have examined the association between healthy dietary patterns and physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and breakfast quality with physical fitness in children. Further to this, we examined the role of physical activity in these associations. A total of 175 children (86 girls, 9.7 ± 0.3 years) participated. Adherence to MDP and breakfast quality were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and 24 h recall, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed–agility were assessed. Physical activity was evaluated by wrist-worn accelerometers. Greater adherence to the MDP was related with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limbs muscular strength, and speed–agility (all β ≥ 0.189, all p ≤ 0.02). No significant associations were observed between breakfast quality and physical fitness (all p > 0.05). However, all the significant associations disappeared after adjusting for physical activity (all p > 0.05). Our study sheds light on the relevance of adhering to the MDP over physical fitness in school children. However, there is no association between breakfast quality and physical fitness. Furthermore, physical activity seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

ACS Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; María Medrano; Lide Arenaza; Maria Amasene; Maddi Osés; Idoia Labayen. Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1353 .

AMA Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, María Medrano, Lide Arenaza, Maria Amasene, Maddi Osés, Idoia Labayen. Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; María Medrano; Lide Arenaza; Maria Amasene; Maddi Osés; Idoia Labayen. 2021. "Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project." Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1353.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important health marker in adolescents. Thus, examining the relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and motivation should be important to increase health-related behaviors. This study aimed to describe adolescents’ cardiorespiratory fitness and motivation by gender and to analyze the association between two cardiorespiratory fitness tests (original and with music) and motivation. A total of 341 adolescents (14.2 ± 1.5 years, 52.2% girls) participated in this study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20 m shuttle run and its adaptation with music. Motivation was assessed though the “Achievement Motivation towards Physical Education” questionnaire. Boys presented with higher cardiorespiratory fitness and motivation (all, p < 0.05). Yet, when classifying fit and unfit groups, a higher percentage of girls were considered fit compared to boys (85.8% vs. 74.5%). A higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness (stages) and VO2max were associated with a higher level of motivation (self-perceived competence and compared competence) and lower anxiety (all p < 0.05). These associations with motivation were stronger when the music was present in the test. In this sense, including music in activities focused on cardiorespiratory fitness could increase the cardiorespiratory fitness performance and motivation, especially in girls. It should be important to increase adolescents’ cardiorespiratory fitness levels in order to increase motivation in physical education lessons and to include more motivational activities in order to achieve higher performance.

ACS Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Javier Lamoneda; Francisco Huertas-Delgado. Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Achievement Motivation in Physical Education in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2317 .

AMA Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Javier Lamoneda, Francisco Huertas-Delgado. Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Achievement Motivation in Physical Education in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Javier Lamoneda; Francisco Huertas-Delgado. 2021. "Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Achievement Motivation in Physical Education in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2317.

Research article
Published: 19 February 2021 in PLOS ONE
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The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between physiological parameters (namely fatness and physical fitness) with academic performance (namely mathematics and science grade point average [GPA]) in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players. Thirty-six young male team handball players (age: 9±1 years; body mass: 45.5±14.2 kg; height: 1.38±9.1 m; body fat: 19.7±5.6%) at the highest national league for their age group participated. Anthropometry was examined by measuring body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI). Fitness testing included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1), squat jumps (SJ) and counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and upper-limb throwing performance (2 kg medicine ball seated front throw), a 15 m sprint test, and a T-half test for change-of-direction (COD) ability. Academic performance was evaluated through school records of grade point average (GPA) of mathematics and science. BMI was negatively correlated with science GPA (r = -0.57, p

ACS Style

Souhail Hermassi; Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly; Lars Bojsen Michalsik; Nilihan E. M. Sanal; Lawrence D. Hayes; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Relationship between fatness, physical fitness, and academic performance in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players in Qatar State. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0246476 .

AMA Style

Souhail Hermassi, Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly, Lars Bojsen Michalsik, Nilihan E. M. Sanal, Lawrence D. Hayes, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Relationship between fatness, physical fitness, and academic performance in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players in Qatar State. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (2):e0246476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Souhail Hermassi; Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly; Lars Bojsen Michalsik; Nilihan E. M. Sanal; Lawrence D. Hayes; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. 2021. "Relationship between fatness, physical fitness, and academic performance in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players in Qatar State." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2: e0246476.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Nutrients
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Regular exercise during school hours is encouraged since childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Moreover, a great majority of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The present study aimed to determine the effects of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Forty-eight girls were included in the study, of whom 24 (age = 15.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomized to a experimental group (EXP) (HIIT and nutrition intervention school-based program) and 24 (age = 15.7 ± 0.6 years) to a control group (CON) that maintained their usual physical education activities. HIIT consisted of 10 stations of own bodyweight exercise and was done three times per week for eight weeks. Moreover, the EXP participated in the nutrition program led by a nutritionist two times a week. Apart from body composition assessment, participants performed countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, hand-grip test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). A significant effect of group (EXP vs. CON) x time (pre vs. post) interaction was observed for weight [F(1,44) = 7.733; p = 0.008], body mass index [F(1,44) = 5.764; p = 0.020], body fat (in kg) [F(1,44) = 17.850; p < 0.001], and body fat (in %) [F(1,44) = 18.821; p < 0.001]. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed for the medicine ball throw [F(1,44) = 27.016; p < 0.001] and YYIRT1 [F(1,44) = 5.439; p = 0.024]. A significant main effect for time was found for hand grip [F(1,44) = 9.300; p = 0.004] and CMJ [F(1,44) = 12.866; p = 0.001].The present study has demonstrated that just eight weeks school-based HIIT and nutrition intervention, including three sessions a week, can improve body composition and muscular and physical aerobic performance in overweighted adolescent girls.

ACS Style

Špela Bogataj; Nebojša Trajković; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Vedrana Sember. Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls. Nutrients 2021, 13, 238 .

AMA Style

Špela Bogataj, Nebojša Trajković, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Vedrana Sember. Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (1):238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Špela Bogataj; Nebojša Trajković; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Vedrana Sember. 2021. "Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 238.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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Background There is strong evidence suggesting that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a healthier metabolic profile, and that CRF can serve as a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. In this context, a smartphone app based on the 2-km walk test (UKK test) would provide the possibility to assess CRF remotely in individuals geographically distributed around a country or continent, and even between continents, with minimal equipment and low costs. Objective The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of 2kmFIT-App developed for Android and iOS mobile operating systems to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF. The specific aims of the study were to determine the validity of 2kmFIT-App to track distance and calculate heart rate (HR). Methods Twenty participants were included for field-testing validation and reliability analysis. The participants completed the UKK test twice using 2kmFIT-App. Distance and HR were measured with the app as well as with accurate methods, and VO2max was estimated using the UKK test equation. Results The validity results showed the following mean differences (app minus criterion): distance (–70.40, SD 51.47 meters), time (–0.59, SD 0.45 minutes), HR (–16.75, SD 9.96 beats/minute), and VO2max (3.59, SD 2.01 ml/kg/min). There was moderate validity found for HR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.731, 95% CI –0.211 to 0.942) and good validity found for VO2max (ICC 0.878, 95% CI –0.125 to 0.972). The reliability results showed the following mean differences (retest minus test): app distance (25.99, SD 43.21 meters), app time (–0.15, SD 0.94 seconds), pace (–0.18, SD 0.33 min/km), app HR (–4.5, 13.44 beats/minute), and app VO2max (0.92, SD 3.04 ml/kg/min). There was good reliability for app HR (ICC 0.897, 95% CI 0.742-0.959) and excellent validity for app VO2max (ICC 0.932, 95% CI 0.830-0.973). All of these findings were observed when using the app with an Android operating system, whereas validity was poor when the app was used with iOS. Conclusions This study shows that 2kmFIT-App is a new, scientifically valid and reliable tool able to objectively and remotely estimate CRF, HR, and distance with an Android but not iOS mobile operating system. However, certain limitations such as the time required by 2kmFIT-App to calculate HR or the temperature environment should be considered when using the app.

ACS Style

Adria Muntaner-Mas; Antonio Martinez-Nicolas; Alberto Quesada; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Francisco B Ortega. Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2021, 9, e14864 .

AMA Style

Adria Muntaner-Mas, Antonio Martinez-Nicolas, Alberto Quesada, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Francisco B Ortega. Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2021; 9 (1):e14864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adria Muntaner-Mas; Antonio Martinez-Nicolas; Alberto Quesada; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Francisco B Ortega. 2021. "Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 1: e14864.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

ACS Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients 2020, 13, 8 .

AMA Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo, Noelia González-Gálvez, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Luis Martínez-Aranda, Gemma Gea-García, Francisco Orquín-Castrillón, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, José Jiménez-García, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Emanuele Isidori, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Lorenzo Rum, Catherine Norton, Audrey Tierney, Ilvis Äbelkalns, Agita Klempere-Sipjagina, Juris Porozovs, Heikki Hannola, Niko Niemisalo, Leo Hokka, David Jiménez-Pavón, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients. 2020; 13 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. 2020. "Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 8.

Basic science article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Pediatric Research
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Youth populations with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) exhibit heterogeneity in cardiometabolic health phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms for those differences are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the whole-blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes. Twenty-seven children with OW/OB (10.1 ± 1.3 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. MHO was defined as having none of the following criteria for metabolic syndrome: elevated fasting glucose, high serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, while MUO was defined as presenting one or more of these criteria. Inflammatory markers were additionally determined. Total blood RNA was analyzed by 5’-end RNA-sequencing. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct pattern of gene expression in children with MHO compared to MUO children. Thirty-two genes differentially expressed were linked to metabolism, mitochondrial, and immune functions. The identified gene expression patterns related to metabolism, mitochondrial, and immune functions contribute to a better understanding of why a subset of the population remains metabolically healthy despite having overweight/obesity.

ACS Style

Abel Plaza-Florido; Signe Altmäe; Francisco J. Esteban; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Concepción M. Aguilera; Elisabet Einarsdottir; Shintaro Katayama; Kaarel Krjutškov; Juha Kere; Frank Zaldivar; Shlomit Radom-Aizik; Francisco B. Ortega. Distinct whole-blood transcriptome profile of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity compared to metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity. Pediatric Research 2020, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Abel Plaza-Florido, Signe Altmäe, Francisco J. Esteban, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Concepción M. Aguilera, Elisabet Einarsdottir, Shintaro Katayama, Kaarel Krjutškov, Juha Kere, Frank Zaldivar, Shlomit Radom-Aizik, Francisco B. Ortega. Distinct whole-blood transcriptome profile of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity compared to metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity. Pediatric Research. 2020; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abel Plaza-Florido; Signe Altmäe; Francisco J. Esteban; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Concepción M. Aguilera; Elisabet Einarsdottir; Shintaro Katayama; Kaarel Krjutškov; Juha Kere; Frank Zaldivar; Shlomit Radom-Aizik; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Distinct whole-blood transcriptome profile of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity compared to metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity." Pediatric Research , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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Considerable public health efforts across the globe have focused on promoting physical activity (PA) and minimizing sedentary behaviour (SB) in youths. However, it is important to have valid, reliable and feasible methods to assess these behaviours in youths. The purpose of this study was to analyse the feasibility and reliability of the Spanish version of the previously validated Youth Activity Profile questionnaire (YAP) in children and adolescents. The YAP-S is a 15-item self-report instrument designed to capture PA and SB in youths. A total of 604 children (5–12 years old) and 346 adolescents (12–17 years old) filled out the questionnaire twice (14 days apart). Feasibility was evaluated through required time and number of misunderstood questions by participants. The test-retest reliability was examined using the weighted kappa coefficient (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient. The average time to complete the questionnaire was 28.85 ± 14.28 and 12.24 ± 9.84 minutes in children and adolescents, respectively. No misunderstanding of questions was reported. The questionnaire showed an adequate reliability for activity at school, out-of-school and sedentary behaviours (k = 0.61–0.77; ICC = 0.77–0.89) in children and adolescents. The YAP-S might be considered a feasible and reliable questionnaire for assessing PA and SB in Spanish children and adolescents.

ACS Style

José Manuel Segura-Díaz; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Romina G. Saucedo-Araujo; María Jesús Aranda-Balboa; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Jairo H. Migueles; Pedro F. Saint-Maurice; Francisco B. Ortega; Gregory J. Welk; Manuel Herrador-Colmenero; Palma Chillón; Emilio Villa-González. Feasibility and reliability of the Spanish version of the Youth Activity Profile questionnaire (YAP-Spain) in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences 2020, 39, 801 -807.

AMA Style

José Manuel Segura-Díaz, Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Romina G. Saucedo-Araujo, María Jesús Aranda-Balboa, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jairo H. Migueles, Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, Francisco B. Ortega, Gregory J. Welk, Manuel Herrador-Colmenero, Palma Chillón, Emilio Villa-González. Feasibility and reliability of the Spanish version of the Youth Activity Profile questionnaire (YAP-Spain) in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2020; 39 (7):801-807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Manuel Segura-Díaz; Yaira Barranco-Ruiz; Romina G. Saucedo-Araujo; María Jesús Aranda-Balboa; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Jairo H. Migueles; Pedro F. Saint-Maurice; Francisco B. Ortega; Gregory J. Welk; Manuel Herrador-Colmenero; Palma Chillón; Emilio Villa-González. 2020. "Feasibility and reliability of the Spanish version of the Youth Activity Profile questionnaire (YAP-Spain) in children and adolescents." Journal of Sports Sciences 39, no. 7: 801-807.

Letter to the editor
Published: 16 November 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Jairo H. Migueles; Kirk I. Erickson; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Andrés Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. Do fitter kids have bigger brains? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 30, 2498 -2502.

AMA Style

Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez, Jairo H. Migueles, Kirk I. Erickson, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo, Andrés Catena, Francisco B. Ortega. Do fitter kids have bigger brains? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 30 (12):2498-2502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Jairo H. Migueles; Kirk I. Erickson; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Andrés Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Do fitter kids have bigger brains?" Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 30, no. 12: 2498-2502.

Editorial
Published: 28 October 2020 in Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Editorial on the Research TopicMetabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents It is well established that pediatric obesity is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, all of which lead to marked increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adulthood (1). Therefore, there is a need for an early identification and treatment of youths who are at greater risk of developing obesity-related complications (2). A growing interest has been raised regarding a subgroup of obese individuals, including children, who are metabolically healthy, for whom the term “metabolically healthy obese (MHO)” has been proposed (3, 4). Since MHO in adults has its origin in the childhood years (5), stratification of obese youths, based on metabolic heath status, might be of crucial importance to improve in early ages prevention strategies for cardiometabolic diseases. This Research Topic draws together seven original articles, and one comprehensive review (Vukovic et al.) summarizing the current knowledge on the definition, epidemiology, predictors, underlying mechanisms, and treatment outcomes of the MHO phenotype in the pediatric population. In recent years, a voluminous literature has accumulated, advocating different definitions of MHO in children. However, the use of non-harmonized definitions of MHO has been a major problem, making it difficult to compare prevalence data among studies. As such, the MHO prevalence has been estimated to range between 7% and 21% in youths, notably between 3% and 87% in those with overweight/obesity (Vukovic et al.). In one international cohort including 3,497 children, 4.5% were classified as MHO according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, while 8.2% according to the modified International Diabetes Federation criteria (6). Yet, in a national survey of 4,200 Iranian children, the prevalence of MHO was 10.4% according to the modified NCEP criteria (7). For these reasons, an international panel of 46 experts has recently convened to create consensus (≥80% agreement) on an evidence-based definition of MHO in children (8). The experts agreed on using the World Health Organization body mass index criteria to assess weight status, and including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol >40 mg/dl, triglycerides ≤150 mg/dl, systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≤90th percentile, and a measure of glycemia to define MHO status. Structural and functional cardiovascular modifications including left ventricle hypertrophy, systolic/diastolic dysfunction, and increased carotid intima-media thickness have been considered preclinical indices of CVD in pediatric and adult obese subjects (9, 10). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, and is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease among youths worldwide (11). Two research manuscripts focused on organ damage such as cardiovascular complications and NAFLD in obese children. Corica et al. demonstrated a negative effect of childhood obesity on subclinical structural and functional cardiovascular modifications. Particularly, severity of overweight, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance were the main predictors of cardiovascular remodeling, subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and amount of epicardial adipose tissue. Metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) patients showed a significant unfavorable cardiometabolic profile compared to MHO subjects. Ting et al. demonstrated that liver steatosis was present in 77.2% of overweight/obese children, and that those with metabolic syndrome were more likely to have advanced liver fibrosis. Also, among children with NAFLD waist circumference predicted risk of liver fibrosis. Overall, these studies suggest that a distinction between MHO and MUO phenotypes might be useful in planning a personalized follow-up approach in obese youths. The distribution of adipose tissue has a critical role in the metabolic health status. There is an emerging evidence that ectopic adipose tissue deposition is a strong predictor of MUO phenotype (12). In addition to the articles by Corica et al. and Ting et al. pointing to abdominal fat accumulation as predictor of systemic metabolic changes, another point of interest is the article by Payab et al. who showed that in 4,200 children, hip, neck, and wrist circumferences were significantly associated with obesity phenotypes and their metabolic status. These measures may represent innovative, low-cost, and alternative tools for assessing obesity and metabolic syndrome in children. Genovesi et al. in a large pediatric population showed that non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as serum uric acid, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and waist-height ratio values were independent predictors of being MUO, suggesting that the current definition of MHO may lead to an underestimation of the number of obese children actually at risk for early organ damage. Hepatic fat content is also an important estimate of systemic metabolic health (12). The identification of potential biomarkers of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is an important clinical agenda. The study by Mörwald et al. revealed that magnetic resonance imaging-assessed liver fat content and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein best predicted serum ferritin values. These results suggest that ferritin may serve as a marker of early fatty liver disease in childhood obesity, at least in males. This is of interest, as non-invasive surrogate scores such as the fatty liver index have been shown to poorly predict liver fat content in obese children. There is another aspect which is worth mentioning: the inverse association of vitamin D with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance, in light of its numerous extra-skeletal roles and functions. Esmaili et al. found that vitamin D status and metabolic health display a significant interaction in children and...

ACS Style

Claudio Chiesa; Lucia Pacifico; Bo Xi; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Editorial: Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Claudio Chiesa, Lucia Pacifico, Bo Xi, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Editorial: Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Chiesa; Lucia Pacifico; Bo Xi; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. 2020. "Editorial: Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents." Frontiers in Endocrinology 11, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 23 October 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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This study aimed to analyze the associations of activity‐rest pattern indicators with academic achievement, executive function and intelligence; and to explore whether these associations are mediated by the total gray matter volume among children with overweight/obesity. Ninety‐five children (10±1 year, 37 girls) with overweight/obesity (based on the World Obesity Federation body‐mass‐index cut‐off points) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Hip‐ and wrist‐worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to assess the activity‐rest pattern. Interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), the mean value of the lowest 5h (L5) and the mean value of the maximum 10h (M10) of activity and their respective timing (TL5, TM10) were used as indicators of the activity‐rest pattern throughout the day. Chronotype and social jetlag were used as indicators of circadian preference. Academic achievement, executive function and intelligence were assessed with standardized tests. Gray matter volume was acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IS was positively associated with executive function (β=0.244, P=0.014). IV was negatively associated with mathematics and academic applications (β: ‐0.211 to ‐0.238, P’s ≤ 0.026). Later TM10 in the day was related to lower writing, academic skills and intelligence (β: ‐0.229 to ‐0.271, P’s ≤ 0.025). None of the associations found were mediated by gray matter volume. A non‐fragmented and stable activity‐rest pattern and earlier physical activity in the day were associated with better academic achievement, executive function and intelligence in children with overweight/obesity. Further studies are required to corroborate or contrast our findings.

ACS Style

Jairo H. Migueles; Antonio Martinez‐Nicolas; Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Adrià Muntaner‐Mas; Jose Mora‐Gonzalez; Maria Rodriguez‐Ayllon; Juan Antonio Madrid; Maria Angeles Rol; Charles H. Hillman; Andres Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. Activity‐rest circadian pattern and academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with obesity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 31, 653 -664.

AMA Style

Jairo H. Migueles, Antonio Martinez‐Nicolas, Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo, Adrià Muntaner‐Mas, Jose Mora‐Gonzalez, Maria Rodriguez‐Ayllon, Juan Antonio Madrid, Maria Angeles Rol, Charles H. Hillman, Andres Catena, Francisco B. Ortega. Activity‐rest circadian pattern and academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with obesity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 31 (3):653-664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jairo H. Migueles; Antonio Martinez‐Nicolas; Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Adrià Muntaner‐Mas; Jose Mora‐Gonzalez; Maria Rodriguez‐Ayllon; Juan Antonio Madrid; Maria Angeles Rol; Charles H. Hillman; Andres Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Activity‐rest circadian pattern and academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with obesity." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 3: 653-664.

Paper
Published: 09 October 2020 in Developmental Science
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The present study aims (i) to examine the association of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed‐agility, and muscular fitness) with brain current source density during working memory; and (ii) to examine whether fitness‐related current density was associated to working memory performance and academic achievement. Eighty‐five children with overweight/obesity aged 8–11 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. Physical fitness components were assessed using the ALPHA test battery. Electroencephalography recordings were performed during a Delayed Non‐Match‐to‐Sample task that assessed working memory. Brain source analysis was carried out using sLORETA to estimate regional current source density differences between high and low (H–L) working memory loads. Academic achievement was measured by the Spanish version of the Woodcock‐Johnson III test battery. The main results showed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher H–L current density differences in frontal, limbic and occipital regions during encoding and maintenance task’s phases (β≥0.412, P≤0.019). A limbic area was further related to better working memory performance (β=0.267, P=0.005). During retrieval, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher current density in temporal regions (β=0.265, P=0.013), whereas lower muscular fitness was associated with higher current density in frontal regions (β=–0.261, P=0.016). Our results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, but not speed‐agility nor muscular fitness, is positively associated with brain current source density during working memory processes in children with overweight/obesity. Fitness‐related current density differences in limbic regions were associated with better working memory.

ACS Style

Jose Mora‐Gonzalez; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Jairo H. Migueles; María Rodriguez‐Ayllon; Pablo Molina‐Garcia; Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Patricio Solis‐Urra; Abel Plaza‐Florido; Arthur F. Kramer; Kirk I. Erickson; Charles H. Hillman; Andrés Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. Physical fitness and brain source localization during a working memory task in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains project. Developmental Science 2020, 24, e13048 .

AMA Style

Jose Mora‐Gonzalez, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo, Jairo H. Migueles, María Rodriguez‐Ayllon, Pablo Molina‐Garcia, Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez, Patricio Solis‐Urra, Abel Plaza‐Florido, Arthur F. Kramer, Kirk I. Erickson, Charles H. Hillman, Andrés Catena, Francisco B. Ortega. Physical fitness and brain source localization during a working memory task in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains project. Developmental Science. 2020; 24 (3):e13048.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Mora‐Gonzalez; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Jairo H. Migueles; María Rodriguez‐Ayllon; Pablo Molina‐Garcia; Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez; Patricio Solis‐Urra; Abel Plaza‐Florido; Arthur F. Kramer; Kirk I. Erickson; Charles H. Hillman; Andrés Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Physical fitness and brain source localization during a working memory task in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains project." Developmental Science 24, no. 3: e13048.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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The purpose was to examine the feasibility of the 20m shuttle run test with music and to test its concurrent validity with the original 20m shuttle run test. A total of 386 adolescents (14.5±1.6 years old, 48.9% boys) participated in our study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess student’s perception about the 20m shuttle run test with music and the original and to assess perceived exertion. Participants performed randomly the 20m shuttle run test with music and original two weeks apart. Average and maximum heart rate were monitored with heart rate monitors. The 20m shuttle run with music was a feasible test for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. The concurrent validity showed mean differences of 5.1±14.6 for shuttles, 0.3±0.8 km/h for speed, 0.5±4.1 for stages, and 1.5±4.1 for VO2max (all p<0.001) in favour of the 20m shuttle run with music vs. the original 20m shuttle run test. Mean difference for the rating of perceived exertion was 0.4±2.5 points (p=0.003). No significant difference was found between boys and girls. In conclusion, the 20mSRT-music is feasible and presents a good concurrent validity in adolescents, independently of the sex and it will be an alternative and good approach to assess cardiorespiratory fitness.

ACS Style

Javier Lamoneda; Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Feasibility and concurrent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test based on the adaptation of the original 20 m shuttle run: The 20 m shuttle run with music. Journal of Sports Sciences 2020, 39, 57 -63.

AMA Style

Javier Lamoneda, Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Feasibility and concurrent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test based on the adaptation of the original 20 m shuttle run: The 20 m shuttle run with music. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2020; 39 (1):57-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Lamoneda; Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. 2020. "Feasibility and concurrent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test based on the adaptation of the original 20 m shuttle run: The 20 m shuttle run with music." Journal of Sports Sciences 39, no. 1: 57-63.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Physical fitness, intelligence and academic achievement are being studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this line, studies to advance our understanding of intelligence and academic achievement could be relevant for designing school-based programs. Our study analyzed the relationship between components of physical fitness including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility and general intelligence and academic achievement in adolescents. We recruited 403 adolescents (53.6% boys) with a mean age of 13.7 ± 1.2 years from a secondary school in Spain with a medium socioeconomic status, during the 2015/2016 school year. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run, muscular strength with the standing long jump test and flexibility with the sit-and-reach test. General intelligence was measured by both the D48 and the Raven tests. School grades were used to determine academic achievement. Linear regression analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with intelligence in both the D48 (all β ≥ 0.184, p ≤ 0.016) and the Raven tests (all β ≥ 0.183, p ≤ 0.024). Muscular strength, flexibility and overall fitness were not associated with intelligence (all β ≤ 0.122, p ≥ 0.139). Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility were positively associated with academic achievement (all β ≥ 0.089, p ≤ 0.038), except muscular strength, which was not significantly associated with Spanish language or mathematics, (all β ≤ 0.050, p ≥ 0.200). Overall, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with intelligence and academic achievement.

ACS Style

Francisco Javier Gil-Espinosa; Palma Chillón; José Carlos Fernández-García; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Association of Physical Fitness with Intelligence and Academic Achievement in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4362 .

AMA Style

Francisco Javier Gil-Espinosa, Palma Chillón, José Carlos Fernández-García, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. Association of Physical Fitness with Intelligence and Academic Achievement in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Javier Gil-Espinosa; Palma Chillón; José Carlos Fernández-García; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez. 2020. "Association of Physical Fitness with Intelligence and Academic Achievement in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4362.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Hand Therapy
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This is a cross-sectional study. Muscular strength has been known as a powerful marker of health in children. Normative data are important for health screening and prevention of future diseases; however, up-to-date data are lacking. The purpose of this study was development of normative data for grip strength measured with a bulb dynamometer in children, by gender and age. The study sample consisted of 1602 healthy Serbian boys and girls, aged from 4 to 10 years. Grip strength was measured by a baseline pneumatic squeeze bulb dynamometer (Baseline, USA) in five preschools and three elementary schools across the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Age- and gender-specific normative data for muscular strength are provided. Boys showed significantly higher strength than girls both in the dominant (mean difference: 0.25 Psi, p = .028) and nondominant hand (mean difference: 0.26 Psi, p = .008). Grip strength of both hands increased with age in girls and boys. However, no significant differences were found in boys between ages 4 and 5 years and between 8 and 9 years for both dominant and nondominant hand (p > .05). The dominant hand showed better performance than the nondominant hand (mean difference: 0.42 Psi, p = .001). Our findings provide comparison data for muscular strength and fitness level, considering age and gender in children.

ACS Style

Nebojša Trajković; Danilo Radanović; Dejan Madić; Slobodan Andrašić; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Draženka Mačak; Boris Popović. Normative data for handgrip strength in Serbian children measured with a bulb dynamometer. Journal of Hand Therapy 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Nebojša Trajković, Danilo Radanović, Dejan Madić, Slobodan Andrašić, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Draženka Mačak, Boris Popović. Normative data for handgrip strength in Serbian children measured with a bulb dynamometer. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nebojša Trajković; Danilo Radanović; Dejan Madić; Slobodan Andrašić; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Draženka Mačak; Boris Popović. 2020. "Normative data for handgrip strength in Serbian children measured with a bulb dynamometer." Journal of Hand Therapy , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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Molina-Garcia, P, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Migueles, JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon, M, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Plaza-Florido, A, Gil-Cosano, JJ, Pelaez-Perez, MA, Garcia-Delgado, G, Vanrenterghem, J, and Ortega, FB. Effects of exercise on body posture, functional movement, and physical fitness in children with overweight/obesity. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2146–2155, 2020—This study aims to analyze whether a 13-week exercise program based on “movement quality” and “multi-games” can lead to simultaneous benefits to body posture, fundamental movements, and physical fitness of children with overweight/obesity. A total of 64 children (10.9 ± 1.3 years, 25.9 ± 3.8 kg·m−2, 38 girls and 26 boys) with overweight/obesity were assigned either to a 13-week exercise-based intervention group (IG) (n = 33) or to a control group (CG) (n = 31). Subjects underwent assessments of basic anthropometry (body mass and height), body posture (2-dimensional photogrammetry), fundamental movements (Functional Movement Screen), and physical fitness (1 repetition maximum [1RM] arm and leg press, and ALPHA test battery). After the exercise program, the IG reduced lower limb angle (high effect size: −0.82 SDs; p = 0.001) and plumb-tragus distance (low effect: −0.43 SDs; p = 0.002) in the sagittal plane and increased lower limb angle in the frontal plane (high effect: 0.82 SDs; p = 0.003) compared with the CG. The IG improved their performance in deep squat (p = 0.004), active straight leg raise (p < 0.001), 1RM arm (low effect: 0.46 SDs; p = 0.002), handgrip strength (medium effect: 0.53 SDs; p < 0.001), and standing long jump (medium effect: 0.59 SDs; p = 0.003), all compared with the CG. In conclusion, children with overweight/obesity who participated in our 13-week exercise program developed a better alignment of the head and lower limb, improved their performance in fundamental movements, and experienced global muscular strength gains compared with the peers who continued with their usual lives. Among other potential implications, these improvements could contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders associated with childhood obesity and could increase adherence by positioning these children in a better physical status to keep practicing exercise.

ACS Style

Pablo Molina-Garcia; Jose Mora-Gonzalez; Jairo H. Migueles; Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Abel Plaza-Florido; Jose J. Gil-Cosano; Manuel A. Pelaez-Perez; Gabriel Garcia-Delgado; Jos Vanrenterghem; Francisco B. Ortega. Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2020, 34, 2146 -2155.

AMA Style

Pablo Molina-Garcia, Jose Mora-Gonzalez, Jairo H. Migueles, Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Abel Plaza-Florido, Jose J. Gil-Cosano, Manuel A. Pelaez-Perez, Gabriel Garcia-Delgado, Jos Vanrenterghem, Francisco B. Ortega. Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020; 34 (8):2146-2155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Molina-Garcia; Jose Mora-Gonzalez; Jairo H. Migueles; Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Abel Plaza-Florido; Jose J. Gil-Cosano; Manuel A. Pelaez-Perez; Gabriel Garcia-Delgado; Jos Vanrenterghem; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 8: 2146-2155.