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Bisrat Ayalew Yifru
Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea

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Review
Published: 24 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.

ACS Style

Bisrat Yifru; Min-Gyu Kim; Jeong-Woo Lee; Il-Hwan Kim; Sun-Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5905 .

AMA Style

Bisrat Yifru, Min-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Sun-Woo Chang, Il-Moon Chung. Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bisrat Yifru; Min-Gyu Kim; Jeong-Woo Lee; Il-Hwan Kim; Sun-Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. 2021. "Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5905.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Numerical models are employed widely to evaluate the hydrological components of a watershed but, traditionally, watershed models simplify either surface or subsurface flow module. In this setup, as a bridge between groundwater and surface water regimes, aquifer recharge is the most affected segment of the water balance. Since the watershed processes are increasingly changed, the need for a comprehensive model with detailed conceptualizing capacity of both groundwater and surface water flow systems is growing. This work focuses on the spatiotemporal groundwater recharge assessment in gauged and ungauged agro-urban watersheds in South Korea using the updated SWAT-MODFLOW model, which integrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2012) and Newton–Raphson formulation for Modular Finite Difference Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW-NWT) in a single executable code. Before coupling, the setup, calibration, and verification of each model were performed separately. After integration, irrigation pumps and drain cells mapping to SWAT auto-irrigation and subbasins were initiated. Automatic calibration techniques were used for SWAT and MODFLOW-NWT models, but a manual calibration was used for the integrated model. A physical similarity approach was applied to transfer parameters to the ungauged watershed. Statistical model performance indicators revealed that the low streamflow estimation was improved in SWAT-MODFLOW. The spatiotemporal aquifer recharge distribution from both the stream seepage and precipitation showed a substantial change, and most of the aquifer recharge occurs in July–September. The areal annual average recharge reaches about 18% of the precipitation. Low-lying areas receive higher recharge consistently throughout a year. Overall, SWAT-MODFLOW exhibited reasonable versatility in evaluating watershed processes and produced valuable results with reasonable accuracy. The results can be an important input for policymakers in the development of sustainable groundwater protection and abstraction strategies for the region.

ACS Style

Bisrat Yifru; Il-Moon Chung; Min-Gyu Kim; Sun Chang. Assessment of Groundwater Recharge in Agro-Urban Watersheds Using Integrated SWAT-MODFLOW Model. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6593 .

AMA Style

Bisrat Yifru, Il-Moon Chung, Min-Gyu Kim, Sun Chang. Assessment of Groundwater Recharge in Agro-Urban Watersheds Using Integrated SWAT-MODFLOW Model. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bisrat Yifru; Il-Moon Chung; Min-Gyu Kim; Sun Chang. 2020. "Assessment of Groundwater Recharge in Agro-Urban Watersheds Using Integrated SWAT-MODFLOW Model." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6593.

Water resources and hydrologic engineering
Published: 30 June 2020 in KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering
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In several parts of the world, groundwater potential information gap limits the development and management of the resource. GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) plays an important role in this regard. This work presents the groundwater potential mapping in a data-scarce region of Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and GIS-based MCDA. SWAT was used to model the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater recharge. The calibration and validation results show the applicability of the model in the study area. The estimated monthly average recharge varies from 2.78–164 mm. The recharge, geomorphology, lithology, soil, land use/land-cover, and DEM derived topographic characteristics were analyzed using GIS-based MCDA to evaluate the groundwater potential. The result is classified into low, moderate, and high zones and validated using the wells and springs information available in the region. More than 61% of the area has moderate groundwater potential and less than 22% of the area has high groundwater potential.

ACS Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru; Dereje Birhanu Mitiku; Mesfin Benti Tolera; Sun Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. Groundwater Potential Mapping Using SWAT and GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2020, 24, 2546 -2559.

AMA Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru, Dereje Birhanu Mitiku, Mesfin Benti Tolera, Sun Woo Chang, Il-Moon Chung. Groundwater Potential Mapping Using SWAT and GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020; 24 (8):2546-2559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru; Dereje Birhanu Mitiku; Mesfin Benti Tolera; Sun Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. 2020. "Groundwater Potential Mapping Using SWAT and GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 8: 2546-2559.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Open Journal of Modern Hydrology
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The groundwater level fluctuation was studied in a complex geological setting region where a frequent landslide is observed in a rainy season. Steady and transient states of flow are modeled with different hydrogeological parameters. The models are calibrated to satisfy the observed field conditions and expected results from the scientific point of view. The results reveal that the groundwater level fluctuation and flow direction in the region are complex. In limited areas, the fluctuation of groundwater is significant from season to season while in others the level remains stable in all seasons of the year. Following that, the result of groundwater flow model was exported to GeoStudio to simulate the slope stability of selected slope. The factor of safety was calculated using Slope/W. The effect of pore-water on the factor of safety was cross-checked by remodeling the slope without water. The results and sensitivity analysis of slope stability confirm that the rise of groundwater level decreases the factor of safety significantly only on critical slope section.

ACS Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru; Fasika Mekonnen Ayehu. Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation towards Rainfall Induced Landslide: Case of Blue Nile Gorge, Central Ethiopia. Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2017, 07, 274 -297.

AMA Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru, Fasika Mekonnen Ayehu. Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation towards Rainfall Induced Landslide: Case of Blue Nile Gorge, Central Ethiopia. Open Journal of Modern Hydrology. 2017; 07 (04):274-297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru; Fasika Mekonnen Ayehu. 2017. "Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation towards Rainfall Induced Landslide: Case of Blue Nile Gorge, Central Ethiopia." Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 07, no. 04: 274-297.