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Il Kim
Department of Land, Water and Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Water
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Climate change and anthropogenic activities are necessitating accurate diagnoses of seawater intrusion (SWI) to ensure the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in coastal areas. Here, vulnerability to SWI was assessed by classifying the existing GALDIT into static parameters (groundwater occurrence (G), aquifer hydraulic conductivity (A), and distance from shore (D)) and dynamic parameters (height to groundwater-level above sea-level (L), impact of existing status of seawater intrusion (I), and aquifer thickness (T)). When assessing the vulnerability of SWI based on observational data (2010–2019), 10-year-averaged data of each month is used for GALDIT dynamic parameter for representing the seasonal characteristics of local water cycles. In addition, the parameter L is indicated by the data observed at the sea-level station adjacent to the groundwater level station. The existing GALDIT method has a range of scores that can be divided into quartiles to express the observed values. To sensitively reflect monthly changes in values, the range of scores is divided into deciles. The calculated GALDIT index showed that the most vulnerable month is September, due to relatively low groundwater level. The proposed method can be used to apply countermeasures to vulnerable coastal areas and build water resources management plan considering vulnerable seasons.

ACS Style

Il Kim; Il-Moon Chung; Sun Chang. Development of Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment for Averaged Seasonality of Using Modified GALDIT Method. Water 2021, 13, 1820 .

AMA Style

Il Kim, Il-Moon Chung, Sun Chang. Development of Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment for Averaged Seasonality of Using Modified GALDIT Method. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Il Kim; Il-Moon Chung; Sun Chang. 2021. "Development of Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment for Averaged Seasonality of Using Modified GALDIT Method." Water 13, no. 13: 1820.

Review
Published: 24 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.

ACS Style

Bisrat Yifru; Min-Gyu Kim; Jeong-Woo Lee; Il-Hwan Kim; Sun-Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5905 .

AMA Style

Bisrat Yifru, Min-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Sun-Woo Chang, Il-Moon Chung. Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bisrat Yifru; Min-Gyu Kim; Jeong-Woo Lee; Il-Hwan Kim; Sun-Woo Chang; Il-Moon Chung. 2021. "Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5905.

Preprint content
Published: 10 April 2021
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Accurate diagnoses of vulnerability of seawater intrusion (SWI) into aquifers are required to ensure sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in coastal areas. GALDIT was selected to assess the SWI vulnerability on western coastal areas of South Korea. Climate change trends are updated every year. The existing GALDIT method has various scores to express the changing observed values. However, they are limited because of their sensitivity in the assessment of regional characteristics or climatic change due to low weight flexibility. Therefore, this study assessed vulnerability to SWI by classifying the existing GALDIT into static and dynamic parameters. The static parameters include groundwater occurrence (G), aquifer hydraulic conductivity (A), and distance from the shore (D), whereas the dynamic parameters include height to groundwater level above sea level (L), impact of existing status of seawater intrusion (I), and aquifer thickness (T). The monthly mean was used as the dynamic index to reflect monthly variations. To indicate the temporal trend of parameter L was calculated based on the data observed at the sea level station adjacent to the groundwater level station. To sensitively reflect the monthly changes in values, the range of scores was divided into 10 parts. The calculated GALDIT index showed that the most vulnerable month was September. In the progress of SWI, vulnerability was assessed monthly to highlight the differences in parameters that fluctuate seasonally. The proposed method can be used to apply intensive countermeasures to vulnerable sites and build an operation plan considering the vulnerability period.

ACS Style

Il Hwan Kim; Il-Moon Chung; Sun Woo Chang. Development of monthly seawater intrusion vulnerability assessment method using GALDIT. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Il Hwan Kim, Il-Moon Chung, Sun Woo Chang. Development of monthly seawater intrusion vulnerability assessment method using GALDIT. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Il Hwan Kim; Il-Moon Chung; Sun Woo Chang. 2021. "Development of monthly seawater intrusion vulnerability assessment method using GALDIT." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 19 October 2018 in Hydrological Processes
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Coastal areas are being increasingly damaged by the expansion of seawater‐intrusion areas. This study suggested a three‐step method to prioritize the countermeasures adopted to reduce the areas affected by seawater intrusion. First, the most vulnerable area to damage from seawater intrusion was selected among 25 areas on the western coast of the Republic of Korea using three multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods. As a result, Taean‐gun was selected as the most vulnerable area for seawater intrusion. Second, a numerical model called SEAWAT was configured to predict the areas where seawater intrusion could potentially occur. For future scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used as the sea‐level rise scenarios. To predict the future use of groundwater, the future groundwater extraction rate was predicted using a linear regression of the groundwater‐use data over the past ten years. As a result, it was predicted that 68.5% of the total Taean‐gun area would be affected by seawater intrusion for RCP 8.5 and current trends in groundwater use. Third, the effectiveness of the measures adopted for the reduction of seawater‐intrusion areas were analyzed by considering the projected future scenario and the local characteristics (including the total population, population density, groundwater‐level distribution, salinity distribution, groundwater‐use characteristics, and ground‐elevation distribution) of the Taean‐gun district. After considering the effects of the countermeasures adopted for the different locations in Taean‐gun and the data related to seawater intrusion, the priority areas for applying countermeasures against seawater intrusion were determined using three MCDM methods. It was concluded that the Taean‐myeon is a priority area for applying countermeasures.

ACS Style

Il Hwan Kim; Jeong-Seok Yang. Prioritizing countermeasures for reducing seawater-intrusion area by considering regional characteristics using SEAWAT and a multicriteria decision-making method. Hydrological Processes 2018, 32, 3741 -3757.

AMA Style

Il Hwan Kim, Jeong-Seok Yang. Prioritizing countermeasures for reducing seawater-intrusion area by considering regional characteristics using SEAWAT and a multicriteria decision-making method. Hydrological Processes. 2018; 32 (25):3741-3757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Il Hwan Kim; Jeong-Seok Yang. 2018. "Prioritizing countermeasures for reducing seawater-intrusion area by considering regional characteristics using SEAWAT and a multicriteria decision-making method." Hydrological Processes 32, no. 25: 3741-3757.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers
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ACS Style

Jeong-Seok Yang; Il-Hwan Kim. Development of Urban Flood Risk Index for the Cheonggyecheon Watershed Using SWMM. Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 2016, 36, 385 -393.

AMA Style

Jeong-Seok Yang, Il-Hwan Kim. Development of Urban Flood Risk Index for the Cheonggyecheon Watershed Using SWMM. Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers. 2016; 36 (3):385-393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeong-Seok Yang; Il-Hwan Kim. 2016. "Development of Urban Flood Risk Index for the Cheonggyecheon Watershed Using SWMM." Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 36, no. 3: 385-393.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2015 in Water Resources Management
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This study provides a systematic three-step approach to prioritizing feasible locations for permeable pavement, taking into account environmental, economic, and social aspects. Step 1 is the identification of potential locations on the basis of spatial and economic feasibility, and on the receptiveness of the local government and residents. Step 2 involves the use of Visual MODFLOW software to simulate groundwater levels with and without permeable pavement. Step 3 is the prioritization of all feasible locations using three multi-criteria decision making methods: the weighted sum method, composite programming and TOPSIS. Weighting values were derived from iterative feedback surveys completed by 22 regional experts. This framework was applied to the Mokgamcheon watershed, central Korea, which suffers from instream flow deficit during the dry season. The results show that by considering anthropogenic factors and hydrological effectiveness, this approach effectively prioritizes feasible alternatives that can be implemented into comprehensive hydrological cycle rehabilitation plans.

ACS Style

Jeong-Seok Yang; Minwoo Son; Eun-Sung Chung; Il-Hwan Kim. Prioritizing Feasible Locations for Permeable Pavement Using MODFLOW and Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods. Water Resources Management 2015, 29, 4539 -4555.

AMA Style

Jeong-Seok Yang, Minwoo Son, Eun-Sung Chung, Il-Hwan Kim. Prioritizing Feasible Locations for Permeable Pavement Using MODFLOW and Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods. Water Resources Management. 2015; 29 (12):4539-4555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeong-Seok Yang; Minwoo Son; Eun-Sung Chung; Il-Hwan Kim. 2015. "Prioritizing Feasible Locations for Permeable Pavement Using MODFLOW and Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods." Water Resources Management 29, no. 12: 4539-4555.