Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant with many nutritional and medicinal properties. Chemopreventive values of the combined mixture of moringa leaves and seed residue (MOLSr) at different ratios (M1S9, M1S1 and M9S1) were investigated. MOLSr extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, metabolite profiling and cytotoxic activity on the primary mammary epithelial cells (PMECs), non-malignant Chang’s liver cells and various human cancer cell lines (including breast, cervical, colon and liver cancer cell lines). The MOLSr ratio with the most potent cytotoxic activity was used in xenograft mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells for in vivo tumorigenicity study as well as further protein and gene expression studies. M1S9, specifically composed of saponin and amino acid, retained the lowest antioxidant activity but the highest glucosinolate content as compared to other ratios. Cell viability decreased significantly in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and PMECs after treatment with M1S9. Solid tumor from MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice was inhibited by up to 64.5% at third week after treatment with high-dose M1S9. High-dose M1S9 significantly decreased the expression of calcineurin (CaN) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) proteins as well as the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) genes. This study provides new scientific evidence for the chemoprevention potential of MOLSr extracts in a breast cancer model; however, the precise mechanism warrants further investigation.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of vardenafil in rabbit plasma. A simple protein precipitation method with ice-cold acetonitrile was used for plasma extraction. The mass transitions m/z 489⟶151 and m/z 390⟶169 were used to measure vardenafil and tadalafil (internal standard), respectively, with a total assay run time of 6 min. The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/mL. The assay was reproducible with intra-assay and interassay precision ranging 1.17%–9.17% and 1.31%–5.86%, respectively. There was also good intra-assay and interassay accuracy between 89.3%–105.3% and 94%–102% of the expected value, respectively. The linearity range was 0.5–60 ng/mL in rabbit plasma ( ≥ 0.99). The measured AUC from 0 to 24 h for the test and reference formulations were 174.38 ± 95.91 and 176.45 ± 76.88, respectively. For the test, and were 75.36 ± 59.53 ng/mL and 1.42 ± 0.19 h, whereas, for the reference, these were 58.22 ± 36.11 ng/mL and 2.04 ± 0.33 h, respectively. The test formulation achieved a slightly lower value ( > 0.05), higher values ( > 0.05), faster ( < 0.05), and almost equal bioavailability compared with the reference formulation.

The Muslim community in the West has been actively discussing the status of homosexuality in Islam by employing a more intellectual approach for quite some time. For example, Muslim supporters of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities (LGBT) have referred to various Quranic verses to justify their status within the conservative Muslim society at large. In light of this situation, this study intends to seek the views of the Muslim LGBT community in Malaysia on the concept of domestic partnership and marriage as stipulated in the Qur’an. Twelve respondents from Klang Valley were interviewed during the course of this study, comprising six gay men and six lesbian women, based on the snowball sampling method. The interview is based on the data saturation approach, where the respondents are interviewed to the point that there is no more room for new ideas to emerge. Each respondent was required to complete a semi-structured interview once within an hour, due to the difficulty in getting them to agree to be interviewed more than once. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and reviewed for further investigation based on thematic analysis. Among the main findings are that all respondents agree that love can be obtained from same-sex partners, which is very much similar to the concept of love between heterosexual partners as advocated by the Qur’an. Apart from that, the majority of respondents refute the concept of same-sex marriage as it is Quranically impermissible even though they themselves have same-sex partners. In short, the Muslim LGBT community in Malaysia seems reluctant and uncomfortable to justify homosexuality using Quranic verses. In contrast, they affirm the need for conservative Muslims to accept them instead of disparaging and punishing them.

TGT-PRIMAAGE is a combination of leaf extracts from Moringa oleifera Lam, Moringaceae, and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Apiaceae. It was previously proven on its potentials to reduce oxidative stress and senescence in hydrogen peroxide–induced human dermal fibroblasts and to improve in memory and learning abilities. This mixture is rich in phenolic and flavonoids, which include astragalin and isoquercetin. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of astragalin and isoquercetin in a rat model. A single dose of extract (5000 mg/kg) was administrated orally to 5 male Sprague Dawley rats. Sera were prepared from 500 μl of blood samples collected from orbital sinus at baseline and 10 different time points. Samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction before analyses using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole. After oral administration of the extract, astragalin and isoquercetin achieved maximum serum concentration of 3.80 ± 0.38 ng ml⁻¹ at 6 ± 2.24 min and 18.33 ± 7.88 ng ml⁻¹ at 7.00 ± 2.73 min, respectively. The half-life (T_1/2) for astragalin was 125.95 ± 68.58 min and for isoquercetin was 153.54 ± 81.44 min. Current findings demonstrated that these compounds were rapidly adsorbed after oral administration with a short half-life of 2 to 3 h. Graphical abstract

Adipogenesis is the process by which preadipocytes develop into mature adipocytes and an increase in adipose mass may lead to obesity. Obesity is categorized as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory condition that can give rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Antioxidants help mitigate ROS, protecting cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects of Parkia speciosa Hassk. pod extract (PSPE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in PSPE, with concentrations of measured at 53.97 ± 0.76 microgram/mL and 1.74 ± 0.11 microgram/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined to be 57.05 ± 0.22 microgram/mL and 325.3 ± 4.85 microgram FeSO4/mL extract, respectively. MTT assay results indicated that PSPE concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 250 microgram/mL maintained over 80% cell viability, while oil red O staining demonstrated reduced lipid accumulation at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 microgram/mL after 48 and 72 hours of treatment. These findings suggest that PSPE has potential as a natural antioxidant and anti-adipogenic agent, capable of inhibiting lipid accumulation and mitigating oxidative damage.