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Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) depend on data sources to train, improve, and make predictions through their algorithms. With the digital revolution and current paradigms like the Internet of Things, this information is turning from static data to continuous data streams. However, most of the ML/AI frameworks used nowadays are not fully prepared for this revolution. In this paper, we propose Kafka-ML, a novel and open-source framework that enables the management of ML/AI pipelines through data streams. Kafka-ML provides an accessible and user-friendly Web user interface where users can easily define ML models, to then train, evaluate, and deploy them for inferences. Kafka-ML itself and the components it deploys are fully managed through containerization technologies, which ensure their portability, easy distribution, and other features such as fault-tolerance and high availability. Finally, a novel approach has been introduced to manage and reuse data streams, which may eliminate the need for data storage or file systems.
Cristian Martín; Peter Langendoerfer; Pouya Soltani Zarrin; Manuel Díaz; Bartolomé Rubio. Kafka-ML: Connecting the data stream with ML/AI frameworks. Future Generation Computer Systems 2021, 126, 15 -33.
AMA StyleCristian Martín, Peter Langendoerfer, Pouya Soltani Zarrin, Manuel Díaz, Bartolomé Rubio. Kafka-ML: Connecting the data stream with ML/AI frameworks. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2021; 126 ():15-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Martín; Peter Langendoerfer; Pouya Soltani Zarrin; Manuel Díaz; Bartolomé Rubio. 2021. "Kafka-ML: Connecting the data stream with ML/AI frameworks." Future Generation Computer Systems 126, no. : 15-33.
The current dependency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems on Cloud computing implies higher transmission latency and bandwidth consumption. Moreover, it challenges the real-time monitoring of physical objects, e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT). Edge systems bring computing closer to end devices and support time-sensitive applications. However, Edge systems struggle with state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNN) due to computational resource limitations. This paper proposes a technology framework that combines the Edge-Cloud architecture concept with BranchyNet advantages to support fault-tolerant and low-latency AI predictions. The implementation and evaluation of this framework allow assessing the benefits of running Distributed DNN (DDNN) in the Cloud-to-Things continuum. Compared to a Cloud-only deployment, the results obtained show an improvement of 45.34% in the response time. Furthermore, this proposal presents an extension for Kafka-ML that reduces rigidness over the Cloud-to-Things continuum managing and deploying DDNN.
Daniel R. Torres; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio; Manuel Díaz. An open source framework based on Kafka-ML for Distributed DNN inference over the Cloud-to-Things continuum. Journal of Systems Architecture 2021, 118, 102214 .
AMA StyleDaniel R. Torres, Cristian Martín, Bartolomé Rubio, Manuel Díaz. An open source framework based on Kafka-ML for Distributed DNN inference over the Cloud-to-Things continuum. Journal of Systems Architecture. 2021; 118 ():102214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel R. Torres; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio; Manuel Díaz. 2021. "An open source framework based on Kafka-ML for Distributed DNN inference over the Cloud-to-Things continuum." Journal of Systems Architecture 118, no. : 102214.
Nowadays one of the main focuses of the Spanish University system is achieving the active learning paradigm in the context of its integration into the European Higher Education Area. This goal is being addressed by means of the application of novel teaching mechanisms. Among a wide variety of learning approaches, the present work focuses on peer review, understood as a collaborative learning technique where students assess other student’s work and provide their own feedback. In this way, peer review has the overarching goal of improving the student learning during this process. Peer review has been successfully applied and analyzed in the literature. Indeed, many authors also recommend improving the design and implementation of self and peer review, which has been our main goal. This paper presents an empirical study based on the application of peer review assessment in different higher education BSc and MSc courses. In this way, six courses from different studies at the University of Malaga in Spain are subject to the application of peer review strategies to promote student learning and develop cross-wise skills such as critical thinking, autonomy and responsibility. Based on these experiences, a deep analysis of the results is performed, showing that a proper application of the peer review methodology provides reliable reviews (with close scores to the ones from the teacher) as well as an improvement in the students’ performance.
Juan Serrano-Aguilera; Alicia Tocino; Sergio Fortes; Cristian Martín; Pere Mercadé-Melé; Rafael Moreno-Sáez; Antonio Muñoz; Sara Palomo-Hierro; Antoni Torres. Using Peer Review for Student Performance Enhancement: Experiences in a Multidisciplinary Higher Education Setting. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 71 .
AMA StyleJuan Serrano-Aguilera, Alicia Tocino, Sergio Fortes, Cristian Martín, Pere Mercadé-Melé, Rafael Moreno-Sáez, Antonio Muñoz, Sara Palomo-Hierro, Antoni Torres. Using Peer Review for Student Performance Enhancement: Experiences in a Multidisciplinary Higher Education Setting. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Serrano-Aguilera; Alicia Tocino; Sergio Fortes; Cristian Martín; Pere Mercadé-Melé; Rafael Moreno-Sáez; Antonio Muñoz; Sara Palomo-Hierro; Antoni Torres. 2021. "Using Peer Review for Student Performance Enhancement: Experiences in a Multidisciplinary Higher Education Setting." Education Sciences 11, no. 2: 71.
The alcoholic fermentation is a critical step that should be controlled and monitored to avoid any risks and hazards through the complete winemaking process. Usually, the control of fermentation is afforded by means of physical or chemical analysis carried out in situ or in oenological laboratories. These procedures are very time and workforce consuming and also causes a delay in the decision making by the winemaker. Nevertheless, they can be optimized and automatized by using disruptive technologies solutions as are the Internet of Things (IoT), combined with minisensors to autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring. This system has been tested at laboratory scale and the obtained results show that their use provide a low-cost solution to follow in real-time the evolution of the alcoholic fermentation. The information provided by the combination of the CO2 sensors and IoT technologies is very usefully to the winemakers, because it helps to detect the stopping or stuck of fermentation, allowing to react immediately, which is crucial to ensure the elaboration of a wine type with the expected quality.
Eduardo Cañ Ete-Carmona; Juan-Jose Gallego-Martinez; Cristian Martin; Maria Brox; Juan-Jesus Luna-Rodriguez; Juan Moreno. A Low-Cost IoT Device to Monitor in Real-Time Wine Alcoholic Fermentation Evolution Through CO2 Emissions. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 20, 6692 -6700.
AMA StyleEduardo Cañ Ete-Carmona, Juan-Jose Gallego-Martinez, Cristian Martin, Maria Brox, Juan-Jesus Luna-Rodriguez, Juan Moreno. A Low-Cost IoT Device to Monitor in Real-Time Wine Alcoholic Fermentation Evolution Through CO2 Emissions. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 20 (12):6692-6700.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Cañ Ete-Carmona; Juan-Jose Gallego-Martinez; Cristian Martin; Maria Brox; Juan-Jesus Luna-Rodriguez; Juan Moreno. 2020. "A Low-Cost IoT Device to Monitor in Real-Time Wine Alcoholic Fermentation Evolution Through CO2 Emissions." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 12: 6692-6700.
This paper presents a reliable architecture for the IoT considering multiple levels: edge, fog and cloud. This architecture can help to reduce latency and improve resiliency of IoT applications. The platform is based on a set of containerised components replicated at different levels. Fault tolerance mechanisms are provided by means of replication, the Apache Kafka framework and shadow devices. Apache Kafka is used to distribute messages along the multiple levels. Shadow devices include device states, and they can be used to avoid device interruptions using physical replication and state restoration. The architecture is also protocol-agnostic, allowing the use of different adaptors for the most common IoT protocols. A mission-critical use case is presented where this architecture can be applied. Finally, an evaluation has been carried out in order to test the feasibility of the fog infrastructure.
Cristian Martin; Daniel Garrido; Manuel Diaz; Bartolome Rubio. From the Edge to the Cloud: Enabling Reliable IoT Applications. 2019 7th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) 2019, 17 -22.
AMA StyleCristian Martin, Daniel Garrido, Manuel Diaz, Bartolome Rubio. From the Edge to the Cloud: Enabling Reliable IoT Applications. 2019 7th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud). 2019; ():17-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Martin; Daniel Garrido; Manuel Diaz; Bartolome Rubio. 2019. "From the Edge to the Cloud: Enabling Reliable IoT Applications." 2019 7th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) , no. : 17-22.
In the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as the new disruptive technology to change the world. Cloud computing has accompanied this field to overcome its processing and storage limitations. However, this evolution has originated a huge increase in IoT devices and data that will create a bottleneck for current networks, in addition to a lack of low latency in cloud communications. Edge computing has been developed to address this challenge, moving the processing to the edge of the network. In this paper, an edge computing architecture is presented to overcome these challenges. The architecture, based on our previous work on the λ-CoAP architecture, covers the whole vision of an edge computing deployment, from IoT devices, to the edge Smart Gateways and up to a cloud infrastructure.
Cristian Martín Fernández; Manuel Diaz Rodriguez; Bartolome Rubio Munoz. An Edge Computing Architecture in the Internet of Things. 2018 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC) 2018, 99 -102.
AMA StyleCristian Martín Fernández, Manuel Diaz Rodriguez, Bartolome Rubio Munoz. An Edge Computing Architecture in the Internet of Things. 2018 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 2018; ():99-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Martín Fernández; Manuel Diaz Rodriguez; Bartolome Rubio Munoz. 2018. "An Edge Computing Architecture in the Internet of Things." 2018 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC) , no. : 99-102.
Currently, applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) are tightly coupled to the underlying physical devices. As a consequence, upon adding a device, device replacement or user’s relocation to a different physical space, application developers have to re-perform installation and configuration processes to reconfigure applications, which bears costs in time and knowledge of low-level details. In the emerging IoT field, this issue is even more challenging due to its current unpredictable growth in term of applications and connected devices. In addition, IoT applications can be personalised to each end user and can be present in different environments. As a result, IoT scenarios are very changeable, presenting a challenge for IoT applications. In this paper we present Appdaptivity, a system that enables the development of portable device-decoupled applications that can be adapted to changing contexts. Through Appdaptivity, application developers can intuitively create portable and personalised applications, disengaging from the underlying physical infrastructure. Results confirms a good scalability of the system in terms of connected users and components involved.
Cristian Martín; Jeroen Hoebeke; Jen Rossey; Manuel Diaz; Bartolomé Rubio; Floris Van Den Abeele. Appdaptivity: An Internet of Things Device-Decoupled System for Portable Applications in Changing Contexts. Sensors 2018, 18, 1345 .
AMA StyleCristian Martín, Jeroen Hoebeke, Jen Rossey, Manuel Diaz, Bartolomé Rubio, Floris Van Den Abeele. Appdaptivity: An Internet of Things Device-Decoupled System for Portable Applications in Changing Contexts. Sensors. 2018; 18 (5):1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Martín; Jeroen Hoebeke; Jen Rossey; Manuel Diaz; Bartolomé Rubio; Floris Van Den Abeele. 2018. "Appdaptivity: An Internet of Things Device-Decoupled System for Portable Applications in Changing Contexts." Sensors 18, no. 5: 1345.
The rapid development in low-cost sensor and wireless communication technology has made it possible for a large number of devices to coexist and exchange information autonomously. It has been predicted that a substantial number of devices will be able to exchange and provide information about an environment with the goal of improving our lives, under the well-known paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main applications of these kinds of devices is the monitoring of scenarios. In order to improve the current wine elaboration process, this paper presents a real-time monitoring system to supervise the status of wine casks. We have focused on a special kind of white wine, called Fino, principally produced in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The process by which this kind of wind is monitored is completely different from that of red wine, as the casks are not completely full and, due to the fact that they are not renewed very often, are more prone to breakage. A smart cork prototype monitors the structural health, the ullage, and the level of light inside the cask and the room temperature. The advantage of this smart cork is that it allows winemakers to monitor, in real time, the status of each wine cask so that, if an issue is detected (e.g., a crack appears in the cask), they can act immediately to resolve it. Moreover, abnormal parameters or incorrect environmental conditions can be detected in time before the wine loses its desired qualities. The system has been tested in “Bodegas San Acacio,” a winery based in Montemayor, a town in the north of Andalusia. Results show that the use of such a system can provide a solution that tracks the evolution and assesses the suitability of the delicate wine elaboration process in real time, which is especially important for the kind of wine considered in this paper.
Eduardo Cañete; Jaime Chen; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio. Smart Winery: A Real-Time Monitoring System for Structural Health and Ullage in Fino Style Wine Casks. Sensors 2018, 18, 803 .
AMA StyleEduardo Cañete, Jaime Chen, Cristian Martín, Bartolomé Rubio. Smart Winery: A Real-Time Monitoring System for Structural Health and Ullage in Fino Style Wine Casks. Sensors. 2018; 18 (3):803.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Cañete; Jaime Chen; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio. 2018. "Smart Winery: A Real-Time Monitoring System for Structural Health and Ullage in Fino Style Wine Casks." Sensors 18, no. 3: 803.
In the Internet of Things (IoT) a worldwide network of sensors and actuators transmit data and actuate over the Internet. Nevertheless, the deployment of sensors and actuators usually requires tools to program and configure them before they can work, and not everyone has such access. Current smartphones are provided with a large set of sensors and actuators that can be incorporated in the IoT. With the aim of achieving seamless integration, this paper presents SocICoAP, a system that enables the sharing of sensors and actuators present in smartphones and installing custom ones at run-time in microcontrollers. In this way smartphones are integrated into the IoT, not only a sensor providing data from its built-in sensors but also as a gateway for nearby deployed sensors. Furthermore, the sensor data can also be globally shared and analysed through a cloud computing integration.
Cristian Martin; Jaime Chen; Manuel Díaz; Ana Reyna; Bartolome Rubio. SocICoAP: Social Interaction with Supplementary Sensors and Actuators through CoAP in Smartphones. 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) 2017, 2, 672 -677.
AMA StyleCristian Martin, Jaime Chen, Manuel Díaz, Ana Reyna, Bartolome Rubio. SocICoAP: Social Interaction with Supplementary Sensors and Actuators through CoAP in Smartphones. 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). 2017; 2 ():672-677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Martin; Jaime Chen; Manuel Díaz; Ana Reyna; Bartolome Rubio. 2017. "SocICoAP: Social Interaction with Supplementary Sensors and Actuators through CoAP in Smartphones." 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) 2, no. : 672-677.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that is growing continuously thanks to the number of devices deployed and data generated. Nevertheless, an upper layer to abstract the limitations of storing, processing, battery and networking is becoming a mandatory need in this field. Cloud Computing is an especially suitable technology that can supplement this field in the limitations mentioned. However, the current platforms are not prepared for querying large amounts of data with arbitrary functions in real-time, which are necessary requirements for real-time systems. This paper presents \(\lambda \)-CoAP architecture, a novel paradigm not introduced yet to the best of our knowledge, which proposes an integration of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things through the Lambda Architecture (LA) and a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) middleware. The \(\lambda \)-CoAP architecture has the purpose to query, process and analyze large amounts of IoT data with arbitrary functions in real-time. On the other hand, the CoAP middleware is a lightweight middleware that can be deployed in resource constrained devices and allows the way of the IoT towards the Web of Things. Moreover, the \(\lambda \)-CoAP also contains a set of components with well defined interfaces for querying, managing, and actuating over the system.
Manuel Díaz; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio. $$\lambda $$ -CoAP: An Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Integration Based on the Lambda Architecture and CoAP. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2016, 195 -206.
AMA StyleManuel Díaz, Cristian Martín, Bartolomé Rubio. $$\lambda $$ -CoAP: An Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Integration Based on the Lambda Architecture and CoAP. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2016; ():195-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Díaz; Cristian Martín; Bartolomé Rubio. 2016. "$$\lambda $$ -CoAP: An Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Integration Based on the Lambda Architecture and CoAP." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 195-206.