Background Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is usually applied in excess of plant requirement and accumulates in soils due to its strong adsorption, rapid precipitation and immobilisation into unavailable forms including organic moieties. As soils are complex and diverse chemical, biochemical and biological systems, strategies to access recalcitrant soil P are often inefficient, case specific and inconsistently applicable in different soils. Finding a near-universal or at least widely applicable solution to the inefficiency in agricultural P use by plants is an important unsolved problem that has been under investigation for more than half a century. Scope In this paper we critically review the strategies proposed for the remobilization of recalcitrant soil phosphorus for crops and pastures worldwide. We have additionally performed a meta-analysis of available soil ³¹P–NMR data to establish the potential agronomic value of different stored P forms in agricultural soils. Conclusions Soil inorganic P stocks accounted on average for 1006 ± 115 kg ha⁻¹ (57 ± 7%), while the monoester P pool accounted for 587 ± 32 kg ha⁻¹ (33 ± 2%), indicating the huge potential for the future agronomic use of the soil legacy P. New impact driven research is needed in order to create solutions for the sustainable management of soil P stocks.

The dynamics of phosphorus (P) in the environment is important for regulating nutrient cycles in natural and managed ecosystems and an integral part in assessing biological resilience against environmental change. Organic P (P_o) compounds play key roles in biological and ecosystems function in the terrestrial environment being critical to cell function, growth and reproduction.

Background: A routine pediatric clinical assessment of body composition is increasingly recommended but has long been hampered by the following 2 fac

We have used an integrated approach to study the mobility of inorganic phosphorus (P) from soil solid phase as well as the microbial biomass P and respiration at increasing doses of citric and oxalic acid in two different soils with contrasting agronomic P status. Citric or oxalic acids significantly increased soil solution P concentrations for doses over 2 mmol kg^–1. However, low organic acid doses (<2 mmol kg^–1) were associated with a steep increase in microbial biomass P, which was not seen for higher doses. In both soils, treatment with the tribasic citric acid led to a greater increase in soil solution P than the dibasic oxalic acid, likely due to the rapid degrading of oxalic acids in soils. After equilibration of soils with citric or oxalic acids, the adsorbed-to-solution distribution coefficient (K_d) and desorption rate constants (k_–1) decreased whereas an increase in the response time of solution P equilibration (T_c) was observed. The extent of this effect was shown to be both soil and organic acid specific. Our results illustrate the critical thresholds of organic acid concentration necessary to mobilize sorbed and precipitated P, bringing new insight on how the exudation of organic acids regulate chemical–microbial soil phosphorus transformations.

Phosphorus is known to be an important contributor to eutrophication of aquatic systems, but the role of organic phosphorus is often overlooked. This review uses a meta-analysis approach to investigate inorganic and organic phosphorus in organic fertilizers, soils and waters, including the quantification of organic phosphorous forms such as monoesters, diesters, and inositol hexakisphosphate. Across these media, organic phosphorus comprised 22–46% of the total phosphorus (by mass of phosphorus). Bioavailable organic phosphorus appears to be more mobile than recalcitrant forms. Organic phosphorus may represent a significant risk for eutrophication, and the risk may vary according to the season, but conclusions are hampered by a lack of data

Background: Hydrometry and densitometry are widely used to assess pediatric body composition due to their ease of application. The accuracy of these