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About 10% of the Earth’s butterfly species inhabit the highly diverse ecosystems of China. Important for the ecological, economic, and cultural services they provide, many butterfly species experience threats from land use shifts and climate change. China has recently adopted policies to protect the nation’s biodiversity resources. This essay examines the current management of butterflies in China and suggests various easily implementable actions that could improve these conservation efforts. Our recommendations are based on the observations of a transdisciplinary group of entomologists and environmental policy specialists. Our analysis draws on other successful examples around the world that China may wish to consider. China needs to modify its scientific methodologies behind butterfly conservation management: revising the criteria for listing protected species, focusing on umbrella species for broader protection, identifying high priority areas and refugia for conservation, among others. Rural and urban land uses that provide heterogeneous habitats, as well as butterfly host and nectar plants, must be promoted. Butterfly ranching and farming may also provide opportunities for sustainable community development. Many possibilities exist for incorporating observations of citizen scientists into butterfly data collection at broad spatial and temporal scales. Our recommendations further the ten Priority Areas of China’s National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011–2030).
Wen-Ling Wang; Daniel O. Suman; Hui-Hong Zhang; Zhen-Bang Xu; Fang-Zhou Ma; Shao-Ji Hu. Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action. Insects 2020, 11, 661 .
AMA StyleWen-Ling Wang, Daniel O. Suman, Hui-Hong Zhang, Zhen-Bang Xu, Fang-Zhou Ma, Shao-Ji Hu. Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action. Insects. 2020; 11 (10):661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Ling Wang; Daniel O. Suman; Hui-Hong Zhang; Zhen-Bang Xu; Fang-Zhou Ma; Shao-Ji Hu. 2020. "Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action." Insects 11, no. 10: 661.
Irrigation systems are critical for food security and drought adaptation in mountainous areas. However, lack of funding and low efficacy of government-funded irrigation projects hinders irrigation infrastructure development. A public–private partnership (PPP) model is recommended for irrigation development, but its application in mountainous areas has not been well-documented and analyzed. Based on a case study of pumping station projects in the Lujiang Flatland in the Nujiang River Valley of Southwestern China, this paper aims to reveal the critical success factors of the PPP model in the development of agricultural irrigation infrastructure in mountainous areas. Results showed that the basic models of PPP projects in the study area can be described as follows: (1) private companies invested in and constructed pumping stations; (2) communities operated the stations; (3) farmers paid for the services; and (4) private companies profited from charging water fees, obtaining policy supports, or utilizing farmlands. The main success factors include: (1) rational project design according to local conditions; (2) multi-centered management mechanisms; (3) balanced cost- and risk-sharing mechanisms; and (4) building mutual trusts among stakeholders. This study offers applicable lessons and useful insights for irrigation water development projects and adaptation to drought in mountainous rural communities.
Yanbo Li; Jinming Hu; Weijiao Di; Liyun Zhang; Daniel Oscar Suman; Hong Zhu. Success Factors of Irrigation Projects Based on A "Public–Private Partnership" Model in A Mountainous Area: A Case Study in the Nujiang River Valley, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6799 .
AMA StyleYanbo Li, Jinming Hu, Weijiao Di, Liyun Zhang, Daniel Oscar Suman, Hong Zhu. Success Factors of Irrigation Projects Based on A "Public–Private Partnership" Model in A Mountainous Area: A Case Study in the Nujiang River Valley, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanbo Li; Jinming Hu; Weijiao Di; Liyun Zhang; Daniel Oscar Suman; Hong Zhu. 2019. "Success Factors of Irrigation Projects Based on A "Public–Private Partnership" Model in A Mountainous Area: A Case Study in the Nujiang River Valley, China." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6799.
Both Venice and Miami are high-density coastal cities that are extremely vulnerable to rising sea levels and climate change. Aside from their sea-level location, they are both characterized by large populations, valuable infrastructure and real estate, and economic dependence on tourism, as well as the availability of advanced scientific data and technological expertize. Yet their responses have been quite different. We examine the biophysical environments of the two cities, as well as their socio-economic features, administrative arrangements vulnerabilities, and responses to sea level rise and flooding. Our study uses a qualitative approach to illustrate how adaptation policies have emerged in these two coastal cities. Based on this information, we critically compare the different adaptive responses of Venice and Miami and suggest what each city may learn from the other, as well as offer lessons for other vulnerable coastal cities. In the two cases presented here it would seem that adaptation to SLR has not yet led to a reformulation of the problem or a structural transformation of the relevant institutions. Decision-makers must address the complex issue of rising seas with a combination of scientific knowledge, socio-economic expertize, and good governance. In this regard, the “hi-tech” approach of Venice has generated problems of its own (as did the flood control projects in South Florida over half a century ago), while the increasing public mobilization in Miami appears more promising. The importance of continued long-term adaptation measures is essential in both cities.
Emanuela Molinaroli; Stefano Guerzoni; Daniel Suman. Do the Adaptations of Venice and Miami to Sea Level Rise Offer Lessons for Other Vulnerable Coastal Cities? Environmental Management 2019, 64, 391 -415.
AMA StyleEmanuela Molinaroli, Stefano Guerzoni, Daniel Suman. Do the Adaptations of Venice and Miami to Sea Level Rise Offer Lessons for Other Vulnerable Coastal Cities? Environmental Management. 2019; 64 (4):391-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuela Molinaroli; Stefano Guerzoni; Daniel Suman. 2019. "Do the Adaptations of Venice and Miami to Sea Level Rise Offer Lessons for Other Vulnerable Coastal Cities?" Environmental Management 64, no. 4: 391-415.
The Lancang-Mekong River has attracted much attention from researchers, but the cooperation on water issues in this river basin has been limited, even after the establishment of the Mekong River Commission (MRC). Cooperation on water resources has been determined as one of the key priority areas in the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism, but there are no details of targets. In order to establish the priorities of water cooperation under the mechanism, we adopted nine categories to classify the objectives of 87 water cooperation events based on the ‘Lancang-Mekong Water Cooperative Events Database’ from 1995 to 2015. Based on the occurrence of cooperative events, cooperative objectives, cooperative scales, and approaches to cooperation, we conducted statistical, correlation, and text analyses. Our analyses indicated the following results: under the impact of economic conditions inside and outside the river basin, full cooperation appeared more difficult than bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Each of the partners adopted different preferences for cooperation targets. Cooperation with more definite objectives was easier to establish than cooperation with broader and more complex objectives. The potential objectives for water cooperation were navigation, hydropower, joint management, data sharing, flood control and water use. Because hydropower development is controversial, and because water cooperation is avoided by most existing regional cooperation mechanisms due to its complexity, we suggest the following priority areas for water cooperation in the Lancang- Mekong River Basin. 1) Navigation and flood control/drought relief are attractive objectives for all the riparian countries across the whole watershed. 2) Data sharing should be a priority for cooperation in the watershed due to its laying the foundation for the equitable and reasonable utilization of transboundary waters. 3) Hydropower is an objective best implemented mainly through bilateral cooperation, and on tributaries.
Yan Feng; Wenling Wang; Daniel Suman; Shiwei Yu; Daming He. Water Cooperation Priorities in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the Mekong River Commission Establishment. Chinese Geographical Science 2019, 29, 58 -69.
AMA StyleYan Feng, Wenling Wang, Daniel Suman, Shiwei Yu, Daming He. Water Cooperation Priorities in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the Mekong River Commission Establishment. Chinese Geographical Science. 2019; 29 (1):58-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Feng; Wenling Wang; Daniel Suman; Shiwei Yu; Daming He. 2019. "Water Cooperation Priorities in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the Mekong River Commission Establishment." Chinese Geographical Science 29, no. 1: 58-69.
Panama's first experience in integrated coastal management took the form of a pilot project in Darien Province in eastern Panama. The project, funded by the Inter-American Development Bank, was part of package of numerous development activities comprising the Program for the Sustainable Development of Darien. The project team conducted an extensive evaluation of the province's coastal resources, community organization and uses of the marine and coastal resources, and problems affecting the long-term sustainability of resources in the region. Together with broad community input, the project team developed a Coastal Management Plan for Darien that is composed of five actions plans (Sustainable Fisheries, Habitat and Resource Conservation, Coastal Environmental/Water Quality, Eco-Tourism, and Institutional Coordination). This manuscript examines the successes, challenges, and outcomes of the program.
Daniel Suman. Development of an integrated coastal management plan for the Gulf of San Miguel and Darien Province, Panama: Lessons from the experience. Ocean & Coastal Management 2007, 50, 634 -660.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman. Development of an integrated coastal management plan for the Gulf of San Miguel and Darien Province, Panama: Lessons from the experience. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2007; 50 (8):634-660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman. 2007. "Development of an integrated coastal management plan for the Gulf of San Miguel and Darien Province, Panama: Lessons from the experience." Ocean & Coastal Management 50, no. 8: 634-660.
The Venice Lagoon (VL) is a complex ecosystem in which public participation and area-based management has often been neglected by administrative bodies involved in the planning of coastal projects and public works. In this area, the analysis of the local situation highlighted a substantial absence of coordination among the various administrative bodies in charge of planning and management at various governmental levels and in different regulated economic sectors. This paper analyses public participation and collaboration with reference to the Integrated Coastal Management context (ICM). The paper examines specific requirements, constraints, and opportunities for the complex case of the VL where participatory management and institutional coordination need enhancement.
Daniel Suman; Stefano Guerzoni; Emanuela Molinaroli. Integrated coastal management in the Venice lagoon and its watershed. Hydrobiologia 2005, 550, 251 -269.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman, Stefano Guerzoni, Emanuela Molinaroli. Integrated coastal management in the Venice lagoon and its watershed. Hydrobiologia. 2005; 550 (1):251-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman; Stefano Guerzoni; Emanuela Molinaroli. 2005. "Integrated coastal management in the Venice lagoon and its watershed." Hydrobiologia 550, no. 1: 251-269.
Daniel Suman. Panama revisited: evolution of coastal management policy. Ocean & Coastal Management 2002, 45, 91 -120.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman. Panama revisited: evolution of coastal management policy. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2002; 45 (2-3):91-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman. 2002. "Panama revisited: evolution of coastal management policy." Ocean & Coastal Management 45, no. 2-3: 91-120.
One of the projects of the Consortium for Transatlantic Cooperation in Marine Policy and Coastal Management Education is the preparation of student-written case studies on marine and coastal conflicts using a common framework. This special issue presents six of these case studies researched and written by graduate students from the Consortium's six academic partners (University of Delaware, University of Genova, University of Massachusetts, University of Miami, University of Sevilla, University of Wales - Cardiff). The issue includes one case from each academic partner that reflects local coastal management issues, as well as the academic focus and orientation of the institution. We believe that these case studies, although focusing on the Atlantic coasts of the US and Western Europe, will be of great interest and use to students, practitioners, and analysts of marine and coastal policy anywhere.
Daniel Suman. Case studies of coastal conflicts:: comparative US/European experiences. Ocean & Coastal Management 2001, 44, 1 -13.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman. Case studies of coastal conflicts:: comparative US/European experiences. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2001; 44 (1-2):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman. 2001. "Case studies of coastal conflicts:: comparative US/European experiences." Ocean & Coastal Management 44, no. 1-2: 1-13.
Ocean and Coastal Management 42 (1999) 1019-1040. doi:10.1016/S0964-5691(99)00062-9Received by publisher: 0000-01-01Harvest Date: 2016-01-04 12:23:08DOI: 10.1016/S0964-5691(99)00062-9Page Range: 1019-104
Daniel Suman; Manoj Shivlani; J Walter Milon. Perceptions and attitudes regarding marine reserves: a comparison of stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Ocean & Coastal Management 1999, 42, 1019 -1040.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman, Manoj Shivlani, J Walter Milon. Perceptions and attitudes regarding marine reserves: a comparison of stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Ocean & Coastal Management. 1999; 42 (12):1019-1040.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman; Manoj Shivlani; J Walter Milon. 1999. "Perceptions and attitudes regarding marine reserves: a comparison of stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary." Ocean & Coastal Management 42, no. 12: 1019-1040.
In the past decade, national and international pollution policies have increasingly opted for prevention over remediation. As an anticipatory, comprehensive approach that might save money and avoid end‐of‐pipe regulations, pollution prevention (P2) warrants careful consideration. We focus on the coastal zone because of its unique geographical characteristics, its ecological and economic importance, and the increasing pressures on its integrity. Over the past 25 years, U.S. legislation has increasingly embraced P2 principles in the management of coastal environments. Four case studies illustrate P2 ‘s prospects for the variety of pollution problems within the coastal zone: Boston Harbor (wastewater); Chesapeake Bay (nutrients); Broward County, Florida's P2 program for marinas (toxic substances); and the cruise line industry (solid waste). These case studies represent a range of circumstances in the coastal zone: a number of pollutants; point and nonpoint sources; land‐based and ocean‐based sources; mandatory versus voluntary P2 approaches; localized and regional approaches; small‐scale versus large‐scale responses; and pollutant‐generating activities that range from agriculture and wastewater treatment to maritime transportation. These examples illustrate that P2 potentially enjoys wide applicability in coastal pollution management. If environmental policy continues its long‐term trend toward an anticipatory, voluntary, and cross‐media emphasis, P2 will increasingly influence coastal management. However, anticipatory and comprehensive are not always better, and sources do not always volunteer to reduce. Significant obstacles to adoption of P2 may be economic, political, or social. Economic challenges include weak incentives to adopt clean technologies and the absence of a systematic accounting that considers the positive values of enhanced environmental amenities. Political obstacles arise through lack of grassroots acceptance of P2, weak political will, and enforcement difficulties. Nor are all P2 solutions socially acceptable. Despite these obstacles, P2 offers a comprehensive, integrated, holistic approach to pollution management that fits well with models of effective integrated coastal management.
David Letson; Daniel Suman; Manoj Shivlani. Pollution prevention in the coastal zone: An exploratory essay with case studies. Coastal Management 1998, 26, 157 -175.
AMA StyleDavid Letson, Daniel Suman, Manoj Shivlani. Pollution prevention in the coastal zone: An exploratory essay with case studies. Coastal Management. 1998; 26 (3):157-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Letson; Daniel Suman; Manoj Shivlani. 1998. "Pollution prevention in the coastal zone: An exploratory essay with case studies." Coastal Management 26, no. 3: 157-175.
Since Congressional designation of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in 1990, a close partnership between the federal goyernment and the state of Florida has characterized sanctuary planning and development of the management plan. The management plan and interagency memoranda of agreement clearly partition governmental functions, such as permitting, enforcement, and research and education, between federal and state agencies. This article examines the division of interagency responsibilities and demonstrates the depth of this federal‐state partnership. The coordination between federal, state, and local institutions is a product of many factors, including an explicit legislative mandate, inclusion of both federal and state waters in the sanctuary, two decades of successful federal‐state partnerships in two small national marine sanctuaries in the Florida Keys, the state of Florida's longtime interest in management of its marine resources, and the clear acceptance of principles of ecosystem management by both federal and state natural resource agencies. Obstacles include funding uncertainties, the vagaries of local politics, and the enormity of the proposed tasks. The many levels of intergovernmental coordination in this case study suggest that the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary represents an important example of integrated coastal zone management.
Daniel O. Suman. The Florida Keys national marine sanctuary: A case study of an innovative federal‐state partnership in marine resource management. Coastal Management 1997, 25, 293 -324.
AMA StyleDaniel O. Suman. The Florida Keys national marine sanctuary: A case study of an innovative federal‐state partnership in marine resource management. Coastal Management. 1997; 25 (3):293-324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel O. Suman. 1997. "The Florida Keys national marine sanctuary: A case study of an innovative federal‐state partnership in marine resource management." Coastal Management 25, no. 3: 293-324.
Six dry deposition monitoring stations were positioned throughout Coclé Province (central Panama) in 1981 in order to collect particulates produced during the period of agricultural burning. The stations housed glass plates coated with a film of vaseline. Samples collected at weekly intervals were treated with acids and a mild oxidant to remove clay minerals and organic material, leaving a residue which was largely carbonized plant material (elemental carbon). The weekly elemental carbon fluxes were strongly correlated with the land area burned in the region. During the 3-month burning period, dry deposition fluxes of elemental carbon ranged from 1.5 to 7.7 × 10−5 mg C cm−2 d−1. Size distribution analyses of the carbonaceous particles indicated that most of the dry deposition elemental carbon mass was carried by particles greater than 2 μm in diameter. Submicrometer particles, while abundant in number, accounted for less than 15% of the mass. This contrasts with the importance of submicrometer elemental carbon particles in mass size distributions of Panamanian aerosols. Electron micrographs of the carbonaceous particles greater than 38 μm suggest that the majority were grass epidermal particles.
Daniel Suman. Dry Deposition Removal of Carbonaceous Particles Produced by Biomass Burning in Panama. Aerosol Science and Technology 1989, 10, 131 -139.
AMA StyleDaniel Suman. Dry Deposition Removal of Carbonaceous Particles Produced by Biomass Burning in Panama. Aerosol Science and Technology. 1989; 10 (1):131-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Suman. 1989. "Dry Deposition Removal of Carbonaceous Particles Produced by Biomass Burning in Panama." Aerosol Science and Technology 10, no. 1: 131-139.