In the current study, the pseudoplastic model is used to analyze the mass and energy transmission through trihybrid nanofluid flow across a stretched permeable surface. The Darcy-Forchheimer relation is employed in the momentum equation to examine the influence of porosity. Energy and mass diffusion expressions are obtained by employing the double diffusion theories, which were proposed by Cattaneo and Christov and is broadly used by several researchers. The thermal efficiency of the trihybrid nanocrystals is evaluated by integrating them with a pseudoplastic substrate. The study of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocomposite base hybrid nanofluids across a stretchable sheet is receiving considerable interest in innovation and research due to their extensive spectrum of applicability. For this reason, the phenomena are modeled in the form of a system of PDEs with the effects of a heat source, magnetic field, natural convection, and chemical reaction. Through resemblance substitutions, these are reduced to an ODE system. The resultant first-order differential equations are further processed using the computational approach PCM. For authenticity and reliability, the values are reviewed against the existing literature. The findings are displayed through figures. When compared to the simple nanofluid, the hybrid and trihybrid nanofluid have a greater tendency for fluid energy and velocity propagation rate. The velocity and heat transition rate enhance 11.73% by varying nanoparticles' values from 0.01 to 0.04, while the thermal conductivity of base fluid boosts with the addition of hybrid and trihybrid nanocomposites, up to 32% and 61%, respectively.

The present article provides a detailed analysis of the Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanoliquid past an exponentially extending curved surface. In the porous space, the viscous fluid is expressed by Darcy-Forchheimer. The cylindrical shaped carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) and Fe₃O₄ (iron oxide) are used to synthesize hybrid nanofluid. At first, the appropriate similarity transformation is used to convert the modeled nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. Then the resulting highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are analytically solved by the utilization of the “Homotopy analysis method” (HAM) method. The influence of sundry flow factors on velocity, temperature, and concentration profile are sketched and briefly discussed. The enhancement in both volume fraction parameter and curvature parameter k results in raises of the velocity profile. The uses of both Fe₃O₄ and CNTs nanoparticles are expressively improving the thermophysical properties of the base fluid. Apart from this, the numerical values of some physical quantities such as skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for the variation of the values of pertinent parameters are displayed in tabular forms. The obtained results show that the hybrid nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate 2.21%, 2.1%, and 2.3% using the MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials.

The present study is related to the analytical investigation of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Ag − MgO/ water hybrid nanoliquid with slip conditions via an extending surface. The thermal radiation and Joule heating effects are incorporated within the existing hybrid nanofluid model. The system of higher-order partial differential equations is converted to the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations by interpreting the similarity transformations. With the implementation of a strong analytical method called HAM, the solution of resulting higher-order ordinary differential equations is obtained. The results of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, velocity profile, and temperature profile of the hybrid nanofluid for varying different flow parameters are attained in the form of graphs and tables. Some important outcomes showed that the Nusselt number and skin friction are increased with the enhancement in Eckert number, stretching parameter, heat generation parameter and radiation parameter for both slip and no-slip conditions. The thermal profile of the hybrid nanofluid is higher for suction effect but lower for Eckert number, stretching parameter, magnetic field, heat generation and radiation parameter. For both slip and no-slip conditions, the hybrid nanofluid velocity shows an upward trend for both the stretching and mixed convection parameters.

The current problem is concerned with the study of magnetohydrodynamic ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over two distinct geometries i.e., cone and wedge. The ternary hybrid nanoliquid with MHD has a lot of engineering and industrial applications. In polymer data processing, cone and wedge geometries are frequently utilized. Therefore, the present problem is designed to the flow of ternary hybrid nanoliquid over multiple geometries. Hybrid nanoliquids performed well in the heat transport rate as compared to the nanoliquid and conventional liquid. Here in this study, the idea of ternary hybrid nanoliquid is introduced to improve the energy and mass transmissions which show more satisfactory results in the thermal and mass transmission performance. The impacts of chemical reaction and thermal radiation are also executed in this model. The formulation of the present study is performed in the form of PDEs which are then transformed into the ODEs by using suitable similarity transformations. The homotopic analysis scheme is implemented for the semi-analytical solution of the existing model. Some major results that materialize from the present simplification are that; the tri-hybrid nanoliquid velocity is greater for the rising nanoparticles volume fractions. The enlargement in radiation parameter enlarged the tri-hybrid nanoliquid thermal profile. The mass transfer rate of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid is lesser for the Schmidt number and chemical reaction. Intensification in nanoparticles volume fractions and radiation parameter has increased the ternary hybrid nanofluid heat rate transfer for both cone and wedge geometries.

This study examines the bidimensional nonlinear convective flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid upon a nonlinear stretching sheet. Three types of nanoparticles, namely , are suspended in the base fluid taken as water with a new composition which is termed as ternary hybrid nanofluid. To stabilize the flow and thermal properties of the new composition, the Brownian as well as thermophoresis properties are incorporated into energy and mass equations. The nonlinear thermal radiations and heat absorption/generation terms are included in the energy equation. The effects of the Darcy–Forchheimer phenomenon are also induced in the momentum equation. The set of model equations has shifted to dimension-free form by employing suitable variables. It has concluded in this study that flow characteristics have been declined with augmenting values of volumetric fractions of solid nanoparticles, porosity, and inertia factors and have upsurge with higher values of thermal and nonlinear thermal Grashof numbers. Thermal characteristics have been observed to be augmented with growth in radiation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, heat generation/absorption, temperature ratio factors, and volumetric fraction of solid nanoparticles. These effects are more significant for ternary hybrid nanoparticles. Concentration profiles have been declined with higher values of Brownian motion factor, Lewis number, and upsurge with growth in thermophoresis factor. It has also been deduced in this investigation that the thermal flow rate is higher for trihybrid nanofluid than hybrid or traditional nanofluids, and a percentage growth in Nusselt number has been shown through statistical chart in support of this work. Current results have been compared with established results and found a fine agreement amongst all results.