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Sohrab Ahmadivand
Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran

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Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Viruses
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Novirhabdoviruses cause large epizootics and economic losses of farmed trout. In this study, we surveyed Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and Infectious hematopoietic and necrosis virus (VHSV and IHNV) through both monitoring and investigation of clinical outbreaks reported by farmers in the regions with major rainbow trout production in Iran from 2015 to 2019. RT-PCR assays of the kidney samples and cell culture (EPC/FHM cells) samples confirmed the presence of the viruses, with 9 VHSV and 4 IHNV isolates, in both endemic and new areas of Iran. Sequence analysis of the G gene revealed that VHSV isolates belonged to genogroup Ia, and IHNV isolates were clustered into genogroup E, both typical for isolates from European countries. A haplotype analysis based on non-homologous amino acids of the G gene supports the emergence of two lineages of IHNV from clade 1 (E-1), as well as VHSV clade 2 (Ia-2) of the European genogroups, confirming that VHSV and IHNV isolates in Iran, have originated from Europe possibly via imported eggs.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Dušan Palić; Manfred Weidmann. Molecular Epidemiology of Novirhabdoviruses Emerging in Iranian Trout Farms. Viruses 2021, 13, 448 .

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Dušan Palić, Manfred Weidmann. Molecular Epidemiology of Novirhabdoviruses Emerging in Iranian Trout Farms. Viruses. 2021; 13 (3):448.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Dušan Palić; Manfred Weidmann. 2021. "Molecular Epidemiology of Novirhabdoviruses Emerging in Iranian Trout Farms." Viruses 13, no. 3: 448.

Short communication
Published: 12 October 2020 in Molecular and Cellular Probes
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Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) is the causative agent of carp pox characterized by epidermal papillomas in common carp and other cyprinids. In this study, we identified CyHV-1 in koi (Cyprinus carpio) from Iran in 2017 and 2019, showing clinical signs of the carp pox disease. Histopathology showed severe epidermal hyperplasia and the absence of club and goblet cells. Degenerative changes, including spongiosis and single-cell necrosis, were also observed. Keratinocyte dysplasia and a moderate lymphocytic infiltration were observed within the epidermis. PCR of the extracted DNA from skin lesions of affected koi from both outbreaks showed CyHV-1 specific TK amplicons, with high sequence identity (above 99%) among themselves and with other CyHV-1 isolates belong to Cluster I, as well as show 97 % similarity to Cluster II isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Carp pox disease (CyHV-1) of koi in Iran and the Middle East.

ACS Style

Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Sohrab Ahmadivand; Sara Shokrpoor; Mansour El-Matbouli. Detection of Carp pox virus (CyHV-1) from koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Iran; clinico-pathological and molecular characterization. Molecular and Cellular Probes 2020, 54, 101668 .

AMA Style

Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Sohrab Ahmadivand, Sara Shokrpoor, Mansour El-Matbouli. Detection of Carp pox virus (CyHV-1) from koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Iran; clinico-pathological and molecular characterization. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 2020; 54 ():101668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Sohrab Ahmadivand; Sara Shokrpoor; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2020. "Detection of Carp pox virus (CyHV-1) from koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Iran; clinico-pathological and molecular characterization." Molecular and Cellular Probes 54, no. : 101668.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Pathogens
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), first described as acute viral catarrhal enteritis, is a highly contagious disease with variable pathogenicity that has been linked to genetic variation in the viral VP2 gene encoding the capsid protein. In this study, the IPN virus (IPNV) is isolated from the moribund fish from five of fourteen Iranian trout farms from 2015 to 2017. The affected fish showed mortality rates ranging from 20% to 60%, with the main clinical signs of exophthalmia, darkened skin, and mild abdominal distension, as well as yellow mucoid fluid in the intestine. Histopathological examination of intestinal sections confirmed acute catarrhal enteritis in all samples. RT-PCR assay of the kidney tissue and cell culture (CHSE-214) samples consistently confirmed the presence of the virus. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP2 sequence revealed that the detected isolates belong to genogroup 5, and are closely related to the Sp serotype strains of European origin. Characterization of VP2 of all isolates revealed the P217T221 motif that previously was associated with avirulence or low virulence, while all IPNV-positive fish in this study were clinically affected with moderate mortality. The IPNV isolates from Iran are associated with two lineages that appear to have originated from Europe, possibly via imported eggs.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Manfred Weidmann; Mansour El-Matbouli; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. Low Pathogenic Strain of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Associated with Recent Outbreaks in Iranian Trout Farms. Pathogens 2020, 9, 782 .

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Manfred Weidmann, Mansour El-Matbouli, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. Low Pathogenic Strain of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Associated with Recent Outbreaks in Iranian Trout Farms. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (10):782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Manfred Weidmann; Mansour El-Matbouli; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. 2020. "Low Pathogenic Strain of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Associated with Recent Outbreaks in Iranian Trout Farms." Pathogens 9, no. 10: 782.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2020 in Microbial Pathogenesis
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This study shows the presence of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV–3) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Iranian carp farms with cumulative mortality up to 80% during 2015–2016. Pathological signs of disease such as gill necrosis, sunken eyes, and increased slime secretion on the skin and fins were observed in affected fish. The extensive fusion of secondary lamellae with necrotic cells, margination of chromatin, and formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies in gill tissues were also observed by histopathological examination. Most tubular epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cells showed intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney. The Iranian CyHV-3 isolates showed identity with Asian strains, and displayed the I++ II+ allele of the Asian lineage, as revealed by sequence analysis of the TK gene, Marker I, and Marker II. The detected isolates were also similar to those detected from koi in the same region of Iran, suggesting the probable transmission of CyHV–3 from ornamental to farmed cyprinids. This represents the first report of CyHV–3 from Iranian farmed common carp to the best of our knowledge.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Mansour El-Matbouli; Ali Taheri-Mirghaed. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) transmission and outbreaks in Iran: Detection and characterization in farmed common carp. Microbial Pathogenesis 2020, 149, 104321 .

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Mehdi Soltani, Sara Shokrpoor, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Mansour El-Matbouli, Ali Taheri-Mirghaed. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) transmission and outbreaks in Iran: Detection and characterization in farmed common carp. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2020; 149 ():104321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Mansour El-Matbouli; Ali Taheri-Mirghaed. 2020. "Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) transmission and outbreaks in Iran: Detection and characterization in farmed common carp." Microbial Pathogenesis 149, no. : 104321.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Molecular Immunology
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IPNV in Atlantic salmon is represented by various strains with different virulence and immunogenicity linked to various motifs of the VP2 capsid. IPNV variant with P217, T221, A247 (PTA) motif is found to be avirulent in Atlantic salmon, but virulent in rainbow trout, and other salmonid species. This study describes a DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly encoding the VP2 protein of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) with PTA motif that confers high protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Intramuscular injection of 2, 5 and 10 μg of DNA (pcDNA3.1-VP2) in rainbow trout fry (4–5 g), confers relative protection of 75–83% in the different vaccine groups at 30 days post vaccination (450° days). The VP2 gene is expressed in spleen, kidney, muscle and liver at day 30 post-vaccination (RT-PCR), and IFN-1 and Mx-1 mRNA are upregulated at early time post vaccination, and so also for IgM, IgT, CD4 and CD8 in the head kidney of vaccinated fish compared to controls, 15 and 30 days post vaccination. Significant increase of serum anti-IPNV antibodies was found 30–90 days post-vaccination that was correlated with protection levels. Mortality corresponded with viral VP4 gene expression were significantly decreased in vaccinated and challenged fish. This shows for the first time that a VP2-encoding DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly elicits a high level of protection alongside with high levels of circulating antibodies in rainbow trout and a lowered viral replication.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Mahdi Behdani; Øystein Evensen; Ehsan Alirahimi; Elahe Soltani; Reza Hassanzadeh; Javad Ashrafi-Helan. VP2 (PTA motif) encoding DNA vaccine confers protection against lethal challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in trout. Molecular Immunology 2018, 94, 61 -67.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Mehdi Soltani, Mahdi Behdani, Øystein Evensen, Ehsan Alirahimi, Elahe Soltani, Reza Hassanzadeh, Javad Ashrafi-Helan. VP2 (PTA motif) encoding DNA vaccine confers protection against lethal challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in trout. Molecular Immunology. 2018; 94 ():61-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Mahdi Behdani; Øystein Evensen; Ehsan Alirahimi; Elahe Soltani; Reza Hassanzadeh; Javad Ashrafi-Helan. 2018. "VP2 (PTA motif) encoding DNA vaccine confers protection against lethal challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in trout." Molecular Immunology 94, no. : 61-67.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Developmental & Comparative Immunology
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the etiological agent of a contagious viral disease causing remarkable mortalities in different fish species. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines against IPN, the disease still constitutes one of the main threats to the aquaculture industry worldwide. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding the VP2 gene of IPNV and evaluated its ability to induce protective immunity in rainbow trout fry (3 g) at doses of 10 and 25 μg/fish and boosting with the same doses two weeks later through the oral route using chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles and alginate microparticles incorporated into fish feed. The distribution of the administered vaccines in different organs and transcription of VP2 gene were confirmed by RT-PCR assay at day 30 post boost-vaccination. Transcript levels of IFN-1, Mx-1, IgM, IgT and CD4 genes was dependent on vaccine dose and was significantly up-regulated in head kidney of all orally vaccinated fish groups compared to controls (pcDNA3.1). Cumulative mortalities post-challenge with virulent isolate of the virus were lower in the vaccinated fish and a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 59% and 82% were obtained for the 10 and 25 μg/fish pcDNA3.1-VP2 groups, respectively. Vaccination with the same amount of pcDNA3.1-VP2 encapsulated with CS-TPP nanoparticles resulted in RPS of 47 %and 70%, respectively. Detectable anti-IPNV antibodies were shown until 90 days postvaccination. The orally administrated vaccines significantly decreased VP4 transcripts thus contributing to reducing viral load in surviving fish on day 45 post-challenge. In conclusion, these results show good to high protection post-vaccination alongside with significant up-regulation of key immune genes and detectable levels of circulating antibodies after oral administration of the DNA vaccine formulated in CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles in fish feed.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Mahdi Behdani; Øystein Evensen; Ehsan Alirahimi; Reza Hassanzadeh; Ellahe Soltani. Oral DNA vaccines based on CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles confer high protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in trout. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 2017, 74, 178 -189.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Mehdi Soltani, Mahdi Behdani, Øystein Evensen, Ehsan Alirahimi, Reza Hassanzadeh, Ellahe Soltani. Oral DNA vaccines based on CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles confer high protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in trout. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 2017; 74 ():178-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Mahdi Behdani; Øystein Evensen; Ehsan Alirahimi; Reza Hassanzadeh; Ellahe Soltani. 2017. "Oral DNA vaccines based on CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles confer high protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in trout." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 74, no. : 178-189.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Virus Research
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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the etiological agent of a contagious disease (IHN) mainly in salmonid fish. In the present study, we isolated and identified IHNV in trout fry from Iranian trout farms with unexplained high mortality in 2016. The affected fry showed cumulative mortality of 90% with the gross pathological signs including exophthalmia and hemorrhage of the eye, skin darkening, abdominal distension, ulceration of the snout, and the visceral pallor and yellowish fluid in the intestine. Histopathological examination revealed marked necrosis in the anterior kidney, liver and spleen with the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the liver sections. Also, intranuclear inclusion body and marginated chromatin were observable in the hematopoietic cells of the kidney. The homogenates tissues of infected fry induced IHNV-positive cytopathic effects (CPE) in EPC cells and confirmed by RT-PCR reactions and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Iranian IHNV isolates belonged to the European (E) genogroup with 100% identity to some Italian isolates. This is the first report of IHNV infection in farmed trout fry in Iran describing the viral isolation, clinical symptoms, histopathological findings, molecular confirmation, and genetic analysis suggestion of the specific country of origin.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Karim Mardani; Sara Shokrpoor; Reza Hassanzadeh; Mehran Ahmadpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Saeid Meshkini. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreak in farmed rainbow trout in Iran: Viral isolation, pathological findings, molecular confirmation, and genetic analysis. Virus Research 2017, 229, 17 -23.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Mehdi Soltani, Karim Mardani, Sara Shokrpoor, Reza Hassanzadeh, Mehran Ahmadpoor, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Saeid Meshkini. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreak in farmed rainbow trout in Iran: Viral isolation, pathological findings, molecular confirmation, and genetic analysis. Virus Research. 2017; 229 ():17-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Karim Mardani; Sara Shokrpoor; Reza Hassanzadeh; Mehran Ahmadpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Saeid Meshkini. 2017. "Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreak in farmed rainbow trout in Iran: Viral isolation, pathological findings, molecular confirmation, and genetic analysis." Virus Research 229, no. : 17-23.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Acta Tropica
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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus that causes one of the most important fish diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production industry. During the present study from October 2014 to July 2015, the virus causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) was isolated and identified in rainbow trout farms from five of sixteen farms experiencing mass mortalities in six provinces of Iran with major trout production. Cumulative mortalities at VHSV-positive farms ranged from 30 to 70%. Clinical signs of disease included exophthalmia, petechial hemorrhages in the mandible and around the eyes, a swollen abdomen and darkening of the integument, widespread petechiae of the musculature and pyloric regions, severe congestion of the kidney, and pale enlarged livers. In addition, histopathologic examinations of tissues showed severe lesions in muscle, kidney and liver, which were compatible with those already described for VHS. Furthermore, homogenates tissues of diseased fish induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in CHSE-214 cells, and confirmatory diagnosis of VHS was made by RT-PCR reactions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and identification of VHSV from farmed trout in Iran, which may have originated from Europe.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Karim Mardani; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Abbas Mokhtari; Reza Hasanzadeh. Isolation and identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran. Acta Tropica 2016, 156, 30 -36.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Mehdi Soltani, Karim Mardani, Sara Shokrpoor, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Abbas Mokhtari, Reza Hasanzadeh. Isolation and identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran. Acta Tropica. 2016; 156 ():30-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Mehdi Soltani; Karim Mardani; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo; Abbas Mokhtari; Reza Hasanzadeh. 2016. "Isolation and identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran." Acta Tropica 156, no. : 30-36.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in General and Comparative Endocrinology
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Boule, the ancestor of the DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) gene family, in most organisms is mainly involved in male meiosis. The present study investigates the effects of the plasticizer DEHP (50mg/kg body weight) and herbicide butachlor (0.39mg/L) on male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for a 10-day period in two independent experiments. The results showed that plasma testosterone (T) concentrations were significantly lower in fish exposed to either DEHP or butachlor compared to the control fish (P0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in both DEHP and butachlor treatments (P>0.05). Histologically, testes of male trout in the control groups were well differentiated and filled with large numbers of cystic structures containing spermatozoa. In contrast, the testes of male trout contained mostly spermatocytes with few spermatozoa in both treated group, suggesting that DEHP and butachlor may inhibit the progression of meiosis. Also, boule gene expression was significantly lower in the testes of male trout affected by DEHP and butachlor in comparison with their control groups (P<0.05), which confirmed the meiotic arrest in affected trout. Based on the results, the present study demonstrated that DEHP and butachlor can inhibit the progression of spermatogenesis in male trout, potentially by causing an arrest of meiosis, maybe due to down-regulation of boule gene expression through T and/or IGF1 via ERK1/2 signaling in T-independent pathways. In addition, these results confirmed that boule can be considered as a predictive marker to assess meiotic efficiency.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Hamid Farahmand; Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Soheil Eagderi; Tom Geerinckx; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. Boule gene expression underpins the meiotic arrest in spermatogenesis in male rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to DEHP and butachlor. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2016, 225, 235 -241.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Hamid Farahmand, Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi, Alireza Mirvaghefi, Soheil Eagderi, Tom Geerinckx, Sara Shokrpoor, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. Boule gene expression underpins the meiotic arrest in spermatogenesis in male rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to DEHP and butachlor. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2016; 225 ():235-241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Hamid Farahmand; Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Soheil Eagderi; Tom Geerinckx; Sara Shokrpoor; Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo. 2016. "Boule gene expression underpins the meiotic arrest in spermatogenesis in male rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to DEHP and butachlor." General and Comparative Endocrinology 225, no. : 235-241.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2015 in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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The effect of two anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting compounds, i.e. the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and herbicide butachlor, were evaluated for their effects on immunoglobulin M (IgM) and leukocytes in male rainbow trout. Also, plasma testosterone (T) concentration was measured to confirm their anti-androgenic effects. In the first experiment, trout were treated with 50 mg/kg (body weight) DEHP intraperitoneally, and in the second one, fish were exposed to 0.39 mg/L butachlor for 10 days. The results showed that T concentrations and white blood cells were significantly lower in fish exposed to either DEHP or butachlor compared to control fish (p p DEHP treatment (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in IgM, eosinophil and monocyte parameters in either DEHP or butachlor treatments (p > 0.05). These results confirmed that leukocytes counts can be considered as a novel marker of immunotoxicity triggered by (anti) androgenic endocrine disruptors.

ACS Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Hamid Farahmand; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Soheil Eagderi; Ashkan Zargar. Effects of (Anti) Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors (DEHP and Butachlor) on Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Leukocytes Counts of Male Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2015, 94, 695 -700.

AMA Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand, Hamid Farahmand, Alireza Mirvaghefi, Soheil Eagderi, Ashkan Zargar. Effects of (Anti) Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors (DEHP and Butachlor) on Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Leukocytes Counts of Male Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2015; 94 (6):695-700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohrab Ahmadivand; Hamid Farahmand; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Soheil Eagderi; Ashkan Zargar. 2015. "Effects of (Anti) Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors (DEHP and Butachlor) on Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Leukocytes Counts of Male Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 94, no. 6: 695-700.