In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of crude polysaccharide (PSHT) extracted from green marine algae Halimeda tuna. PSHT exhibited anti-oxidant activity in vitro through scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl free radical, reducing Fe³⁺/ferricyanide complex, and inhibiting nitric oxide. PSHT maintained the erythrocyte membrane integrity and prevented hemolysis. Our results also showed that PSHT exerted a significant anti-edematic effect in vivo by decreasing advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat’s paw model and erythrocytes. Interestingly, PSHT increased the viability of murine RAW264.7 macrophages and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory molecule levels, including nitric oxide, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Our findings indicate that PSHT could be used as a potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and anti-oxidant agent. These results could be explained by the computational findings showing that polysaccharide building blocks bound both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and TNF-α with acceptable affinities.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from C. tomentosum (PCT) using carrageenan (CARR)-induced paw edema in a rat model and anti-vasculogenic activity on a chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) model. Based on in vitro tests of anti-radical, total antioxidant, and reducing power activities, PCT presents a real interest via its antioxidant activity and ability to scavenge radical species. The in vivo pharmacological tests suggest that PCT possesses anti-inflammatory action by reducing paw edema and leukocyte migration, maintaining the redox equilibrium, and stabilizing the cellular level of several pro-/antioxidant system markers. It could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde levels and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities in local paw edema and erythrocytes during the acute inflammatory reaction of CARR. PCT pretreatment was effective against DNA alterations in the blood lymphocytes of inflamed rats and reduced the hematological alteration by restoring blood parameters to normal levels. The anti-angiogenic activity results revealed that CAM neovascularization, defined as the formation of new vessel numbers and branching patterns, was decreased by PCT in a dose-dependent manner, which supported the in silico bioavailability and pharmacokinetic findings. These results indicated the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from C. tomentosum and their possible use as anti-proliferative molecules based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities.

A novel halogenobismuthate(iii) organic–inorganic hybrid material named bis(4,4′-diammoniumdiphenylsulfone) hexadecaiodotetrabismuthate(iii) tetrahydrate, (C₁₂H₁₄N₂O₂S)₂[Bi₄I₁₆]·4H₂O, has been prepared by slow evaporation at room temperature.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of polysaccharide (PS) isolated from Balangu Shirazi (Lallemantia royleana) seeds in vitro as well as on the hypercholesterolemic diet-induced liver and kidney injury in adult rats. PS was structurally characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared, which confirmed the presence of bands characteristic of polysaccharides. Functional properties of PS were investigated based on water solubility index, holding and emulsifying capacities. The antioxidant activities were confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging assays, reducing power and the chelating effect assay. The administration of PS to a hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days in Wistar rats significantly improved the liver and kidney levels in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and in vitamin C. The oxidative stress profile was confirmed by hematological and plasma biochemical parameters. In addition, histological alterations were significantly ameliorated in liver and kidney tissues. The study strengthens the hypothesis that the herbal polysaccharide can be used as a novel antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic compound against hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis.