The purpose of this paper was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from C. tomentosum (PCT) using carrageenan (CARR)-induced paw edema in a rat model and anti-vasculogenic activity on a chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) model. Based on in vitro tests of anti-radical, total antioxidant, and reducing power activities, PCT presents a real interest via its antioxidant activity and ability to scavenge radical species. The in vivo pharmacological tests suggest that PCT possesses anti-inflammatory action by reducing paw edema and leukocyte migration, maintaining the redox equilibrium, and stabilizing the cellular level of several pro-/antioxidant system markers. It could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde levels and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities in local paw edema and erythrocytes during the acute inflammatory reaction of CARR. PCT pretreatment was effective against DNA alterations in the blood lymphocytes of inflamed rats and reduced the hematological alteration by restoring blood parameters to normal levels. The anti-angiogenic activity results revealed that CAM neovascularization, defined as the formation of new vessel numbers and branching patterns, was decreased by PCT in a dose-dependent manner, which supported the in silico bioavailability and pharmacokinetic findings. These results indicated the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from C. tomentosum and their possible use as anti-proliferative molecules based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the potential of a polysaccharide (PCS) extracted from the brown alga Cystoseira spinosa as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Collected off the coast of Alkhoms, Libya, PCS was investigated for its wound-healing and pro-angiogenic properties, addressing the need for natural bioactive compounds in therapeutic applications. Methods: The monosaccharide composition of PCS was analyzed using HPLC-RID, identifying glucuronic acid and xylose as major components. In vitro tests assessed antioxidant activity, while in vivo experiments on 24 rats evaluated wound healing. Rats were divided into four groups: control (saline), standard drug (CYTOL CENTELLA cream), glycerol, and glycerol+PCS. Wound healing was analyzed macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model assessed pro-angiogenic effects, and computational analyses explored COX-2 and VEGF pathways. Pharmacokinetic properties were also evaluated. Results: PCS demonstrated significant antioxidant activity and accelerated wound healing after 16 days, with improved wound appearance scores and increased collagen content. Histological analysis confirmed PCS outperformed the standard drug. The CAM model showed PCS increased blood vessel density, length, and junctions while reducing lacunarity. Computational analyses supported involvement of COX-2 and VEGF pathways. Pharmacokinetic assessments indicated good bioavailability, non-inhibition of CYP enzymes, and favorable skin permeability. Conclusions: PCS shows promise as a natural bioactive polymer for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic properties, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics, highlight its therapeutic potential. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of C. spinosa polysaccharides and their application in promoting tissue repair.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of three chronic stress exposure models (permanent elimination, forced swimming, and food and water deprivation) on bone oxidative stress, structure, and metabolism in vivo. Methods: Adult rats were exposed to different stress conditions, while control animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions. Bone morphological and histological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant defense system, and mineral concentrations were assessed. Results: Stress exposure resulted in significant reductions in body weight, femur weight, and femur length compared to controls. A marked increase in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in bone tissue, including lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyls, and advanced oxidation protein products. In contrast, antioxidant defenses, including enzymatic activities and levels of glutathione, non-protein thiols, and vitamin C, was significantly decreased. Bone calcium and phosphorus levels were reduced, whereas their plasma concentrations were increased following stress exposure. Histological analysis confirmed the biochemical alterations, suggesting that chronic stress can disrupt bone integrity via oxidative mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for strategies to control and reduce stress-related disorders to maintain skeletal health under various chronic stress conditions.