This study evaluates the performance of the SWAT model using two different soil databases to reveal the effect of elaborating soil dataset on runoff in a small-scale catchment dominated by dense industrial and residential areas. Soil samples were collected from 29 locations. 7 out of 13 soil parameters required by SWAT were produced by field and laboratory studies to create a specified soil database (SSM). Two simulation designs were constructed using SSM and Food and Agricultural Organization soil database before and after calibration. The main difference between these databases is the soil texture directly affecting runoff. The results show that the SSM is critical for model accuracy in small basins where natural soil cover has decreased due to unnatural activities. In similar basins with these characteristics, significant increases in model accuracy can be achieved by producing specific soil maps with a small number of soil samples or detailing existing maps.

Drainage basin/watershed analysis based on morphometric parameters has an essential role in watershed management and planning. Reliable delineation of watersheds and drainage networks is critical for hydrological and geomorphological studies. Since access to high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital surface models (DSMs) is costly, many researchers need to evaluate low-resolution open-source products. Several data sources produced from different surveying techniques are used in the morphometric analysis. In this study, five different datasets such as Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) GDEM, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) DSM, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DEM, and a DEM from topographic maps (TOPO DEM), were investigated based on morphometric parameters. The tests was carried out in the Saz-Çayırova Basin, which is one of the critical urbanization and industrialization regions of Kocaeli, Turkey. In this study, the TOPO DEM, whose horizontal resolution is 30 m, was produced from 1:25K scaled digitized topographical maps. It was used for comparative analysis, as in all DEMs sources. The morphometric parameters' result of the TOPO DEM was used as the reference data for comparing the results of the other DEMs sources. In addition, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to compute the accuracy between the freely available DEMs and the TOPO DEM for each morphometric parameter. The outcomes of this study reveal that the most consistent results with the TOPO DEM are provided by SRTM DEM, following the NASA DEM.

Investigating the spatio-temporal variations of metal pollution in the sediment of an industrialized watershed, this study aims to identify ecological risks. Utilizing six risk assessment indices—enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (I-geo), potential ecological risk (RI), contamination factor (CF), ecological risk assessment (ER), and Pollution Load Index (PLI)—the research distinguishes between anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Surface sediment samples are collected from nine locations (comprising seven monitoring sites and two reference sites) across the watershed during both dry and wet seasons. Reference concentrations, tailored to accurately reflect local characteristics, are employed to compute the indices. Results indicate significantly elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni throughout the basin, exceeding reference values by factors of 15, 20, 5, 10, and 5, respectively. Wet and dry season assessments reveal varying I-geo and EF values across monitoring stations. Cd emerges as the primary ecological risk, predominantly attributed to industrial discharges. Moreover, dry season contamination surpasses that of the wet season. Comparative analysis of the indices reveals PLI's efficacy for spatial assessments, while RI analysis better elucidates temporal variations. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for devising strategies to mitigate sediment contamination in industrial watersheds.

Günümüzde hava kirliliği, insanlığın en büyük sağlık tehdidi haline gelmiştir. Endüstri kaynaklı ve özellikle fosil yakıtla çalışan enerji santralleri atmosfere önemli miktarda emisyon salınımı yapmaktadır. Birey başına düşen enerji tüketim miktarının artması da ortaya çıkan hava kirliliğinin artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Yakıt olarak kömür kullanan enerji santrallerinin atmosfere yaydığı kirlilikte en büyük paya sahip kirleticilerden biri partikül kirleticilerdir. Termik santrallerde proses sırasında oluşan partikül kirleticiler, emisyon kontrol teknolojilerinden biri olan elektrostatik filtreler (ESF) vasıtasıyla atmosfere yayılımı en aza indirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ESF verimliliğini arttırmak için operasyon parametrelerinde değişiklikler yapılarak filtrelerin partikül tutma verimleri incelenmiştir. Farklı kül değerlerine ve elementel analiz sonuçlarına sahip 3 kömür çeşidinin ESF verimliliğine etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. ESF performansını etkileyebilecek uçucu gaz sıcaklığı değerleri kullanılarak senaryolar oluşturulmuş ve bunların etkisine bakılmıştır. Uçucu gaz konsantrasyonuna direkt olarak etki eden farklı hava ön ısıtıcı kaçak oranları için toz emisyon değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, ESF sistemi içerisindeki süreçlerde oluşabilecek problemleri gözlemlemek ve elektrik tasarrufu sağlamak amacı ile elektriksel alanların bazı bölümleri devre dışı bırakılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, farklı senaryolarda ortaya çıkan partikül emisyon değerleri analiz edilmiş ve senaryolardaki değişkenlerin ESF verimine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.