Background: Monitoring recovery–stress balance in sport is becoming more relevant to prevent training maladaptation and reach the optimal performance for each athlete. The use of questionnaires that identify the athlete’s recovery–stress state have much acceptance in sports due to reliability and useful, furthermore for its low cost. Identifying possible differences between sport modalities and sex is important to determine specific needs and possible intervention ways to keep a recovery–stress balance. The aim was to analyze the differences in the recovery–stress state and mood states by sex and sport type during the competitive phase in young Mexican athletes. As a secondary objective, the psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the Recovery–Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) were analyzed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried on with 461 athletes (61% women and 39% men), 17.95 (±1.2) years old, from six sports disciplines. The RESTQ-Sport and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied in a single moment. Differences by sex and sports modality were analyzed. RESTQ-Sport’s confirmatory factor analysis was performed after the stress and recovery theoretical structure of two stress (general and sport) and two recovery (general and sport) dimensions, and last, the concurrent validation with the POMS was carried on.Results: Significant differences by sex were found in the General Recovery and Sport Stress dimensions of the RESTQ-Sport as well as Vigor factor of the POMS, being higher for men; furthermore, both the Sport Recovery dimension of RESTQ-Sport and Cholera and the Fatigue and Depression factors from POMS also had differences by sport type, showing a less recovery and high stress for individual sport athletes. Goodness-of-fit indexes of the model for the RESTQ-Sport were acceptable. Pearson’s correlation between questionnaires was moderate (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The recovery–stress state shows differences in the function of sex and sport modality. More special attention is suggested for women and individual sport athletes. The higher punctuation for men compared with women in sport stress dimension did not negatively affect the recovery–stress balance for male athletes. Finally, the Mexican context adaptation of the RESTQ-Sport provides a psychometric instrument suitable to assess the recovery–stress balance in Mexican athletes.

Objectives. – The aim of the study was to analyze the behavior of the modified total quality recovery (TQR) scale during four microcycles of accumulation in volleyball players and its relationship with physiological markers as heart rate variability (HRV) and training impulse (TRIMP), as well as load perception by the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), and perceived recovery-stress state using the RESTQ-Sport questionnaire. Equipment and methods. – Seven female players of a national volleyball team (age: 24.26 ± 3.37 years; weight: 71.63 ± 6.84 kg; height: 176.97 ± 8.04 cm; % fat: 32.64 ± 1.57%) were evaluated during a pre-competitive camp. HRV, TRIMP, TQR scale, and the s-RPE were assessed daily. While the RESTQ-Sport was applied at the beginning and at the end of the concentration camp. The Spearman correlation for all variables, as well as Friedman Test for HRV, TRIMP, TQR and S-RPE and Wilcoxon test for RESTQ-Sport were performed. Furthermore, the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) was applied to identify the magnitudes of change in the intra-subject data. Results. – The TQR scale showed significant correlations (p < .05) with HRV parameters (LnrMSSD and Stress Score), S-RPE and RESTQ-Sport dimensions. Conclusion. – The TQR scale shows to be sensitivity to microcycles of accumulation in female volleyball players. In addition, the study proves the TQR concurrent validity by correlating with different physiological and psychological parameters for monitoring load and recovery. Keywords: assessment; recovery; sports performance; volleyball; internal training load

Some studies show interest in measuring heart rate variability (HRV) during post-exercise recovery. It is known that the parasympathetic system is relevant during this process, where one of the factors of this modulation is the interaction of acetylcholine and cholinesterases (ChE). However, the behavior of ChE and its relationship during recovery is little known; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of ChE and its relationship with recovery evaluated in HRV indicators in volleyball players. An exercise protocol with long-term and intermittent high-intensity phases was applied in nine volleyball players. HRV measurements were made, and blood samples were drawn to evaluate the ChE before exercise and after 24 and 48 h post-exercise. The results show a modification of the variables after exercises with respect to the baseline values (ChE: 1818.4 ± 588.75 to 2218.78 ± 1101.58; RMSSD: 42.64 ± 12.86 to 17.72 ± 12.55 (p < 0.05); SS: 8.76 ± 1.93 to 21.93 ± 10.05 (p < 0.01); S/PS Ratio: 0.32 ± 0.14 to 3.26 ± 3.28 (p < 0.01)), as well as recovery after 24 and 48 h with respect to postexercise (ChE: 1608.81 ± 546.88 (p < 0.05) and 1454.54 ± 580.45 (p < 0.01); RMSSD: 43.83 ± 24.50 and 46.18 ± 33.22 (p < 0.01); SS; 10.93 ± 5.16 and 11.86 ± 4.32 (p < 0.01); S/PS Ratio: 0.46 ± 0.32 and 0.50 ± 0.28 (p < 0.01)). ChE correlations (p < 0.001) were found with moderate (SS: r = 0.465) and large (RMSSD: r = −0.654; S/PS Ratio: r = 0.666) HRV indexes. In conclusion, ChE modifications are related to changes in HRV showing a very similar behavior in the case of the study subjects.

RELACIÓN ENTRE VFC POST-EJERCICIO Y LA CARGA INTERNA DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN TRIATLETAS

Los objetivos de la investigación son: 1) describir el comportamiento de la carga interna y externa de partidos amistosos y 2) comparar la respuesta de la carga interna y externa entre diferentes partidos amistosos y partidos oficiales en un equipo de futbol femenil profesional. Method: diecisiete mujeres futbolistas profesionales de primera división de la liga mexicana participaron en el estudio. Se analizaron 3 partidos amistosos: U18 femenil (U18F), U14 varonil (U14M) y universitario (COLL); y 3 partidos de jornada regular: Jornada 1 (MJ1) Jornada 2 (MJ2) y Jornada 4 (MJ4). Las variables de carga externa Total Distance (TD), High Intensity Distance (HID), Number Aceleration Count (ACC), Desaceleration Count (DCC), Maximal Speed (MS) y Player Load (PL), fueron medidas mediante el WIMU PROTM, mientras que la carga interna se midió con la respuesta al esfuerzo percibido de la sesión (s-RPE). Se utilizó el tamaño del efecto (ES) con intervalos de confianza al 90% (90%CL) para analizar la diferencia entre los partidos. Results: el partido contra U14M presento los mayores valores de carga externa e interna de los tres partidos amistosos. Se encontraron tamaños del efecto grandes (ES > 2.0) en los partidos amistoso con respecto a los partidos oficiales en la TD y no se encontraron cambios en las variables de carga externa e interna en el partido U14M con respecto a los partidos MJ1 y MJ2. Conclusión: Los partidos amistosos U18F y COLL no asemejaron las demandas de los tres partidos oficiales y el único partido amistoso que tuvo demandas similares a los partidos oficiales fue el partido contra U14M.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un entrenamiento intenso en atletas de resistencia sobre el comportamiento de las colinesterasas (ChE) tras condiciones de fatiga y su relación con otros marcadores de carga interna. Participaron 18 atletas de sexo masculino especialistas en pruebas de resistencia. Se evaluó las ChE y dos índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en tres momentos diferentes, previo al protocolo (BASAL), 15 minutos posterior al protocolo (FINAL) y 24 horas después del entrenamiento (24H). Un ANOVA de una vía con post-hoc de Tukey HSD se utilizó para comparar las medias. Se encontraron cambios significativos en las variables analizadas (p < .001) con tamaños de efecto muy grandes (d > 0.9) en los diferentes momentos y correlaciones moderadas entre variables (p < .001). El comportamiento de las ChE muestra un cambio significativo (p < .001) posterior al ejercicio y una relación con otros indicadores de carga interna. Nuestros resultados indican que las ChE tienen relación con la fatiga en el caso de los deportistas estudiados, pudiendo ser una medida para determinar la carga de entrenamiento.