Some studies show interest in measuring heart rate variability (HRV) during post-exercise recovery. It is known that the parasympathetic system is relevant during this process, where one of the factors of this modulation is the interaction of acetylcholine and cholinesterases (ChE). However, the behavior of ChE and its relationship during recovery is little known; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of ChE and its relationship with recovery evaluated in HRV indicators in volleyball players. An exercise protocol with long-term and intermittent high-intensity phases was applied in nine volleyball players. HRV measurements were made, and blood samples were drawn to evaluate the ChE before exercise and after 24 and 48 h post-exercise. The results show a modification of the variables after exercises with respect to the baseline values (ChE: 1818.4 ± 588.75 to 2218.78 ± 1101.58; RMSSD: 42.64 ± 12.86 to 17.72 ± 12.55 (p < 0.05); SS: 8.76 ± 1.93 to 21.93 ± 10.05 (p < 0.01); S/PS Ratio: 0.32 ± 0.14 to 3.26 ± 3.28 (p < 0.01)), as well as recovery after 24 and 48 h with respect to postexercise (ChE: 1608.81 ± 546.88 (p < 0.05) and 1454.54 ± 580.45 (p < 0.01); RMSSD: 43.83 ± 24.50 and 46.18 ± 33.22 (p < 0.01); SS; 10.93 ± 5.16 and 11.86 ± 4.32 (p < 0.01); S/PS Ratio: 0.46 ± 0.32 and 0.50 ± 0.28 (p < 0.01)). ChE correlations (p < 0.001) were found with moderate (SS: r = 0.465) and large (RMSSD: r = −0.654; S/PS Ratio: r = 0.666) HRV indexes. In conclusion, ChE modifications are related to changes in HRV showing a very similar behavior in the case of the study subjects.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare dietary intake to published recommendations and to analyze the potential relationship between body composition and dietary intake in collegiate athletes. Eighteen healthy male middle- and long- distance runners (age 20.11 ± 2.72 y; height, 174.7 ± 6.1 cm; body mass, 64.0 ± 7.7 kg), were recruited from a Mexican university track and field team at the beginning of the general preparation phase for national competitions. Participants completed three 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to estimate dietary intake. Body composition was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Athletes displayed high body fat values. Protein intake was significantly higher than published recommendations. Iron, zinc, sodium, and vitamin C intake were significantly higher than recommended values, while potassium and calcium intake were below established recommendations. No significant correlations between body composition variables (i.e body fat, lean body mass, bone mineral content) and dietary intake (i.e energy, macronutrients and selected vitamins and minerals) could be found. These findings suggest that coaches and practitioners should pay close attention to dietary intake and body composition of endurance athletes starting general preparation for competition. Future studies on changes of dietary intake and body composition during off-season and competitive phase, which also track physical activity, are warranted.

Background/Objectives: Regular physical activity helps prevent and treat non-communicable chronic diseases. Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for mortality due to non-communicable diseases, meaning that the risk of death increases by 20% to 30% compared to individuals who reach a sufficient level of physical activity. The aim was to explore the perceptions and practices of physicians in a secondary level hospital in Nuevo León, Mexico, regarding the prescription of exercise to treat non-communicable chronic diseases. Methods: A validated questionnaire was applied to 127 physicians affiliated with the hospital, assessing two dimensions: Advice on physical exercise (factor 1) and Application of physical exercise (factor 2). Results: It was found that, although 63.8% of physicians frequently inquire about their patients' levels of physical activity and 60.6% discuss its importance, only 44.9% conduct formal evaluations through physical tests. Additionally, while 85% recognize the need to refer patients to exercise specialists, only 26.8% do so regularly. The reliability of the instrument was excellent (α = 0.857; ω = 0.852 factor 1 and ω = 0.798 factor 2), confirming its validity. Conclusions: Identified barriers include a lack of standardized protocols, insufficient resources, and limitations in medical training. These findings underscore the need for institutional policies that prioritize exercise prescription as an essential part of the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases, aligning with WHO guidelines to improve population health.

Background: Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Despite global initiatives such as “Exercise is Medicine”, there is little information regarding the recommendations of physicians in secondary public hospitals to implement physical activity as an adjuvant for their patients with CNDs. There is a critical gap between this knowledge and its implementation in routine clinical practice. This gap is particularly relevant in the context of a secondary hospital in Mexico, where CNDs are the leading cause of death. Objectives: The aim was to explore the perception and practice of physicians at a secondary care hospital in Nuevo León, Mexico, in relation to exercise prescription for the treatment of CNDs. Methods: Instrumental design research was conducted for the construction and valuation of the psychometric properties of a questionnaire administered to 127 physicians from a local hospital. AFE, CFA, and reliability analyses were conducted. Results: The analysis showed a two-factor structure in a scale with good reliability and adjustment according to the CFA goodness-of-fit indices. Also, it is shown that although 63.8% of physicians frequently inquire about PA in their patients and 60.6% discuss its importance, only 44.9% perform formal evaluations through physical tests. Conclusions: Barriers identified include a lack of standardized protocols, insufficient resources, and limitations in medical training. These findings highlight the need for institutional policies that prioritize exercise prescription as an essential component of CDN treatment, aligning with WHO guidelines for exploring population health.