In recent years, common ground (CG)‐type transformerless (TL) inverters have been paid more attention. However, the existing topologies have more voltage stress on either switch or on capacitor voltage or in both. This article proposes a novel five‐level TL inverter topology with a CG type and a voltage stress reduction on power components. The proposed topology offers less component count and a simple structure. Here, the quasi‐soft charging (QSC) technique is proposed to minimize the high charging current during the capacitor charge. Since the proposed topology is the family of switched capacitors (SC), the determination of SC and QSC is presented. A detailed comparison of the proposed topology with other recent five‐level topologies is presented, and the proposed topology's advantage is highlighted. Further, the performance of the proposed topology is verified in simulation software and verified in a scale‐down hardware setup developed for 400 W. The various experimental results are presented to ensure the feasibility of the proposed topology.

This paper is regarding the design and program of a Microcontroller Arduino Uno board using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors which are also known as Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) on two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV,) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is previously running a code that is prepared by Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of the presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and find the light source. Lastly, the photo sensor single-axis tracker is made. While the system tries to move the panel face to the sun and change the irradiance intensity, in the meantime it starts a search to find the angle of the highest irradiance. Based on the results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel. Through using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor, and specially designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, determined from acquired data the influence of the STS on increasing the solar panel power ratio is tremendously obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the power ratio of the PV system. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, the tracker system remarkably boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel and increases by up to 32.18%.

In petroleum industrial systems, analysis of power systems should be considered to exploit system reliability and prevent change in process performance during starting in equipment such as induction motors and industrial pumps. Medium-voltage induction motors are essential electrical machines in the oil, petrochemical, and process industries; therefore, the study of induction motors is an integral part of the analysis of power system. These motors are directly fed from the power grid and are exploited afterward. The starting current of induction motors is 5 to 7 times greater than the nominal current at the moment of starting until it reaches the nominal torque. This starting current will result in the motors and transformer and voltage drop in users' appliances connected to the electric grid to the extent that it might even cause a shutdown in the grid or not start the motor. It will also directly impact the power quality of the power system. For this reason, the starting voltage drop should not exceed 15% of the terminal voltage. In this paper, the starting of squirrel cage induction motors 1000kW by variable frequency drive in Tabriz pump station has been analysed by the ETAP 19.0.1 software.

The study of the rectifier LC smooth circuit to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase of non-ideal diode rectifier has been proposed. The input line current has a non- sinusoidal shape and contains harmonic, which has a negative effect on the input power quality and it makes much stress on the load. According to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC61000) standards, variety harmonic limitations are defined to be regulated. In this paper, the cost effective solutions such as changing different parameters including load resistance, DC capacitance and inductance and input AC inductance, on the rectifier performance in terms of V load mean, ripple, diode and Capacitor RMS current, fundamental current and considering relevant harmonics up to 1 kHz and the load side voltage (mean value and ripple) have been investigated to find a best way to reduce ripple voltage stress and harmonics. It has been founded that the best way to obtain high mean and fewer ripple is increasing the DC-link Inductance. The major purpose here is to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the line current under different load conditions (from 61.33% to 26.87%).

In petroleum industrial systems, analysis of power systems should be considered to exploit system reliability and prevent change in process performance during starting in equipment such as induction motors and industrial pumps. Medium-voltage induction motors are essential electrical machines in the oil, petrochemical, and process industries; therefore, the study of induction motors is an integral part of the analysis of power system. These motors are directly fed from the power grid and are exploited afterward. The starting current of induction motors is 5 to 7 times greater than the nominal current at the moment of starting until it reaches the nominal torque. This starting current will result in the motors and transformer and voltage drop in users' appliances connected to the electric grid to the extent that it might even cause a shutdown in the grid or not start the motor. It will also directly impact the power quality of the power system. For this reason, the starting voltage drop should not exceed 15% of the terminal voltage. In this paper, the starting of squirrel cage induction motors 1000kW by variable frequency drive in Tabriz pump station has been analysed by the ETAP 19.0.1 software.