The Himalaya–Tibet region represents a complex region of active deformation related to the ongoing India–Eurasia convergence process. To provide additional constraints on the active processes shaping this region, we used a comprehensive dataset of GNSS and focal mechanisms data and derived crustal strain and stress fields. The results allow the detection of features such as the arc-parallel extension along the Himalayan Arc and the coexistence of strike-slip and normal faulting across Tibet. We discuss our findings concerning the relevant geodynamic models proposed in the literature. While earlier studies largely emphasized the role of either compressional or extensional processes, our findings suggest a more complex interaction between them. In general, our study highlights the critical role of both surface and deep processes in shaping the geodynamic processes. The alignment between tectonic stress and strain rate patterns indicates that the crust is highly elastic and influenced by present-day tectonics. Stress and strain orientations show a clockwise rotation at 31°N, reflecting deep control by the underthrusted Indian Plate. South of this boundary, compression is driven by basal drag from the underthrusting Indian Plate, while northward, escape tectonics dominate, resulting in eastward movement of the Tibetan Plateau. Localized stretching along the Himalaya is likely driven by the oblique convergence resulting from the India–Eurasia collision generating a transtensional regime over the Main Himalayan Thrust. In Tibet, stress variations appear mainly related to changes in the vertical axis, driven by topographically induced stresses linked to the uniform elevation of the plateau. From a broader perspective, these findings improve the understanding of driving crustal forces in the Himalaya–Tibet region and provide insights into how large-scale geodynamics drives surface deformation. Additionally, they contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the applicability of the stress–strain comparison and offer a more comprehensive framework for future research in similar tectonic settings worldwide.

In this work, we investigated the landscape response to the recent activity of the faults affecting the Catanzaro Trough, a seismically active structural basin that developed transversally to the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy) during the Neogene–Quaternary. We carried out a geomorphological and morphometric study of the drainage networks and basins intercepted by the Quaternary faults that were previously mapped through remote and field analyses. The study confirms the occurrence north of the Catanzaro Trough of a WNW–ESE-oriented left-lateral strike-slip fault system (here named the South Sila Piccola Fault System), which accommodates the differential SE-ward migration of the upper crustal sectors of the Calabrian Arc, and of a south-dipping WNW–ESE-oriented oblique fault system (the Lamezia-Catanzaro Fault System), characterized by a predominant normal component of movement. The latter delimits the Catanzaro Trough and accommodates the transition from a strike-slip regime to an extensional regime in the south. Inside the Catanzaro Trough, we detected for the first time a NNE–SSW-trending, WNW-dipping fault system (here named the Caraffa Fault System). This system contributes to accommodate the extension that occurs orthogonally to the southern sector of the Calabrian Arc. The geomorphological and morphometric analysis revealed the recent activity of these fault systems. In particular, the activity of the Caraffa Fault System is evidenced by the differential uplift and tilting of discrete areas inside the basin. Given its location, geometry, and kinematics, the Caraffa Fault System could be responsible for the occurrence of large historical earthquakes.

We present and discuss the results of a geomorphological and geological study aimed at reconstructing the Plio-Quaternary evolution of the NW Sicily coastal belt , a low strain rate region in the central Mediterranean Sea. We performed morphometric and field analysis of Quaternary marine terraces extracting more than 300 shoreline location points subdivided into six orders. The obtained dataset was validate by investigating the morphological changes along topographic profiles and comparing the extracted locations and elevations with the stratigraphic boundaries in the Plio-Quaternary units. We distinguished two contiguous coastal sectors characterized by different paleo-shoreline elevations and Plio-Quaternary evolution, whose estimated uplift rates fit well with the well-known, regional eastward uplift rate increase along the Northern Sicilian continental margin. Obtained results, summarized in a geomorphological map and a morpho-evolutionary model, provide new valuable data to characterize the active deformation processes and the seismotectonic setting in this critical sector of the Africa-Europe plate boundary.

The coastal landscape of the Kachchh Upland (KU) region (NW-India) changed over the last few thousand years from a shallow marine gulf to a salty desert (1-4 meters asl). In this area, bordered to the south by the Northern Hill Range (NHR), the tectonic-climatic interaction triggered the sea level fall from +2/4 m circa (6000-2000 BP) to zero. An ancient river pattern deposited a tidally regulated delta area during the sea level fall that stopped 2000-3000 years ago due to tectonic activity and a dry climate. Deltaic-alluvial fans (DAF) in front of the NHR suggest that the KU's tectonic activity led to fast landscape evolution. We explored such drastic changes by integrating scientific information from a multidisciplinary literature review, identifying terraces and DAFs, and inferring faults through landform recognition, quantitative morphometry, and field surveys. Our interpretation, summarized in a map, provides new information on active processes along the NHR.