The effect of linear non-isothermal aging and composite non-isothermal aging on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 2A12 aluminum alloy was investigated. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the microstructure and intergranular corrosion morphology, and the precipitates were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy were improved by both non-isothermal aging techniques due to the formation of an S′ phase and a point S″ phase in the alloy matrix. Linear non-isothermal aging resulted in better mechanical properties than composite non-isothermal aging. However, the corrosion resistance of the 2A12 aluminum alloy was reduced after non-isothermal aging due to the transformation of matrix precipitates and grain boundary precipitates. The corrosion resistance of the samples followed the order: annealed state > linear non-isothermal aging > composite non-isothermal aging.

In response to the situation in the Huanghuai region, where corn fertilization and pesticide application primarily rely on manual methods such as hand broadcasting fertilizer and using manual backpack sprayers, resulting in low levels of mechanization, this study designed an electric integrated work vehicle in line with the trend of developing new energy. The vehicle is powered by six 12 V, 100 Ah lead-acid batteries and integrates the functions of fertilization and pesticide spraying. It can achieve precise hole-fertilization, applying fertilizer to a depth of 100 to 150 mm near the roots of corn, and can also perform multi-row pesticide spraying. The vehicle’s electronic control system is divided into two functional areas: 220 V and 24 V. The walking system uses a 220 V, 2 kW AC servo motor, which is driven by converting the voltage of the 72 V battery group into a 220 V sine wave AC through an inverter, and the motor speed can be adjusted. The working width is adjusted by two fixed electric cylinders at the top of the rear wheel frame. The user can preset the width through the control panel, and during operation, the electric cylinders can be automatically controlled to the optimal working width via a whisker-type limit switch. Analysis using ADAMS software shows that when the vehicle speed is 2, 3, and 5 km per hour, the opening angles of the duckbill controller are 66°, 58°, and 48°, respectively, indicating that the higher the speed, the smaller the opening angle. This shortens the fertilization interval time and makes the fertilization spacing more stable. The maximum opening angle of the adjacent duckbill is 25°, indicating that the fertilization amount remains stable. When the vehicle is moving in reverse, the duckbill always remains closed, and at different speeds, the opening angle change curve of the duckbill controller is smooth and regular. This vehicle significantly improves the efficiency and precision of corn planting. However, improvements are still needed in battery technology, control system optimization, and the high cost of electric agricultural machinery to promote the widespread application of agricultural mechanization.

In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of corn straw and the development of field water-saving irrigation technologies, a kind of underground irrigation composite pipe-forming device mixed with soil extrusion molding was designed. The key extrusion-forming components affecting the forming rate of composite pipe were optimized by taking the diameter of the winch blade, the shaft diameter of the winch, and the winch pitch as variables and the forming rate and the output power of the winch shaft as test indices. The best structural parameters of the extrusion-forming components were obtained by using the weight normalization method; the diameter of the winch blade was 430 mm, the shaft diameter of the winch was 86 mm, the winch pitch was 387 mm, the forming rate was 1.37 kg/s, and the forming rate of the composite pipe was increased by 41%. Field tests were conducted to verify the simulation test results, and the relative error between the forming rate of composite pipe and the simulation test value was 5.88%, which verified the reliability of the simulation test. The average density of the extruded composite tube was 1.92 g/cm³, meeting the requirements for composite tube formation.

China boasts abundant straw resources but grapples with notable challenges in straw processing: returning straw to fields can lead to soil compaction and aggravated pests/diseases, while baled straw for off-field storage and transportation tends to scatter. Additionally, domestic netting technology for square bales remains underdeveloped, and imported equipment is ill-suited for small-scale farmers. To tackle these issues, this study developed an integrated straw baling and netting machine by modifying the 9YFSG-2.2 square straw baler. It integrates a conveying mechanism, an offset crank–connecting rod compression mechanism (300 mm crank, 885 mm connecting rod), a two-stage gear-driven net-wrapping mechanism (with hollowed-out large gears for weight reduction), and a sensor-controlled net-cutting device, forming a complete workflow of “straw pick-up–shredding–conveying–compaction–net wrapping–net cutting”. Via coupled simulation using RecurDyn 2019, EDEM 2020, and ANSYS Workbench 2018, straw particles were modeled as 28-mm-long segments (composed of three 7 mm spheres). Simulations showed straw compaction in 0.48 s, with the compression chamber and plate having equivalent stresses of 0.2767 MPa and 173.44 MPa and maximum deformations of 0.0012 mm and 0.66 mm—both well below structural steel’s yield strength. Field tests in Xinxiang, Henan (straw moisture 30.03%), yielded results exceeding standards: 99.4% bale formation rate, 96% regular bale rate, 93% drop resistance rate, 170 kg/m³ bale density, and 12 s per bale efficiency. Controlling netting time further boosted efficiency and reduced consumption, successfully realizing integrated straw baling and netting.

To address the low efficiency of corn straw collection, this study aims to optimize the design of the straw shredding mechanism of corn straw harvesters. A multi-blade arrangement shredding mechanism was designed, with ANSYS 2022 employed for gas-phase flow field simulation of the pick-up and fan conveying chambers, and a multi-field coupled simulation was conducted to evaluate performance using pick-up rate and qualified cutting length rate as metrics. Field tests were carried out to validate the simulation results. The results show that the DC-type pick-up (symmetrically arranged Y-shaped and hammer claw blades) exhibited optimal performance. At a travel speed of 1.2 m/s and rotational speed of 2100 r/min, the pick-up rate and qualified cutting length rate reached 93.62% and 93.94%, respectively, in field tests (81.34% pick-up rate in simulation); its maximum collection efficiency reached 92.98% under the conditions of fan 1 speed of 2300 r/min, fan 2 speed of 4600 r/min, and single feed rate of 9.4 kg. All pick-up types had maximum forces below the stress limit (348 MPa), meeting operational requirements. This research provides reliable references for the design and optimization of corn straw returning machines and verifies the accuracy of the simulation method.

To address the poor mechanical adaptability of conventional equipment to 40 cm narrow-row sesame cultivation and the high weeding resistance and energy consumption of traditional weeding tools, this study developed an integrated bionic weeding and plant protection vehicle. The vehicle features a modular structure capable of three-row weeding and four-row plant protection, coupled with an extended-range hybrid powertrain. Its parallel linkage design enables terrain adaptation, ensuring consistent weeding depth of 3–6 cm and stable spraying height. Combined with an adjustable spraying width and a “detection–feedback–adjustment” mechanism to prevent plant collisions, the vehicle is fully compatible with the agronomic requirements of narrow-row cultivation. Inspired by mole cricket forelegs, the vehicle’s bionic weeding wheel blade model incorporates quantified biological features: quadratically fitted claw toe contours (R² > 0.97), a toe base height-to-width ratio of 1:2, and a toe groove radius-to-toe height ratio of 1:1. This design achieves a reliable biological-to-engineering translation. EDEM-based Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations confirm that the bionic wheel outperforms conventional designs: the average torque is 17.4% lower (7.75 vs. 9.38 N·m), the soil disturbance rate is 8.2 percentage points higher (95.2% vs. 87.0%), and soil particle motion is more ordered (average velocity: 0.52 vs. 0.58 m/s), effectively reducing energy waste and improving weeding efficiency.