Les paramètres physico-chimiques au cours de la maturation de quatre muscles (semitendinosus [ST], rectus femoris [RF], longissimus thoracis [LT] et semimembranosus [SM]), conservés à 4 °C, ont été mesurés chez des dromadaires mâles (10 jeunes de trois à quatre ans et 10 adultes de plus de cinq ans) de race Sahraoui. Une diminution de la température post mortem a atteint une valeur minimale de 5,7 ± 0,20 °C (LT) chez les adultes, alors que la valeur minimale enregistrée chez les jeunes a été plus basse avec 3,9 ± 0,68 °C (ST). Le pH des muscles étudiés a diminué au cours de la période post mortem. Les valeurs minimales enregistrées ont varié de 5,2 ± 1,11 (RF) à 5,7 ± 0,02 (LT) chez les chamelons, et de 5,6 ± 0,05 (SM) à 6,3 ± 0,53 (ST) chez les adultes. La quantité d’eau extractible a augmenté pour les quatre muscles et pour les deux groupes d’âge. Les valeurs maximales obtenues ont été de 0,21 ± 0,040 g par gramme de muscle RF jeune et de 0,21 ± 0,009 g par gramme de muscle RF adulte. Cela signifie que la capacité de rétention d’eau des différents muscles a diminué au cours du temps post mortem. La conductivité électrique n’a pas suivi le même profil pour tous les muscles étudiés. Une légère augmentation de ce paramètre dans le temps a été perceptible pour le muscle LT (117,3 ± 0,30 µS/cm/g) chez les jeunes, et ST (158,3 ± 0,14 µS/cm/g) chez les adultes.

Dans le but d’apprécier la qualité microbiologique de la viande de dromadaire produite à l’abattoir de la wilaya de Ouargla en Algérie, la contamination superficielle d’origine bactérienne de 60 carcasses camelines a été évaluée. Les prélèvements ont été réalisés par écouvillonnage de trois sites (cuisse, flanc et épaule). Les échantillons ont été prélevés dans un intervalle d’une heure après l’abattage de l’animal, après le dépouillement, à la fin de l’éviscération et avant l’inspection post mortem. Les taux de germes ont varié en fonction des carcasses et des sites de prélèvement. La flore prédominante a été la flore aérobie mésophile totale, dont le niveau de contamination a été de 2,8 log UFC/cm2, représentant 25 p. 100 de la flore dénombrée, suivie par les entérobactéries avec 2,4 log UFC/cm2 (21 p. 100), les coliformes totaux avec 2,2 log UFC/cm2 (20 p. 100), les coliformes fécaux avec 2,0 log UFC/ cm2 (18 p. 100), et les staphylocoques avec 1,8 log UFC/cm2 (16 p. 100). La présence de souches de salmonelles et d’Escherichia coli a été détectée sur toutes les zones prélevées de la carcasse. La viande cameline de l’abattoir de Ouargla a présenté un niveau de contamination élevé par les germes pathogènes (salmonelles et staphylocoques). Une contamination fécale (E. coli) élevée a également été observée. De bonnes pratiques d’hygiène durant la phase d’abattage doivent être mises en œuvre afin de diminuer le niveau de contamination.

In the face of climate change, the eco-dromedary seems to adapt to meteorological constraints. This work compares the skin of the forehead, the hump, and the axillary part of two populations of Algerian dromedaries, namely the Sahraoui and Targui. We worked on six young adult dromedaries of two populations and two sexes genders. We removed the skin from the forehead, the hump, and the axillary part; they were fixed in 10% of formalin. After 48 hours of fixation, the different samples were subjected to different stages of histological techniques. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. After mounting the slides, we proceeded to microscopic observations and calculations of each layer of skin thickness. The different skin layers were similar in all body regions dromedaries for the two populations. By comparing the thickness of the skin layers of two sexes and two populations, we notice that the skin from the axillary part of male Sahraoui dromedary is the thickest with the measures 0.0413±0.0222 cm, 0.9789±0.1397 cm, and 2.8119±0.1266 cm for epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively. The thinnest skin was found in the forehead of the male Targui dromedary with 0.0494±0.0095 cm, 0.2191±0.0536 cm, and 0.3302±0.0835 cm for epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively. The thickness variation of the skin parts of dromedary between sexes in the same population and between the populations suggests an implication of the adaptation system of dromedary to climatic conditions.

Meat is a nutrient-dense food. This makes it a favorable environment for the proliferation of the most bacteria even if this food is refrigerated. The objective of this study was to follow the evolution of psychrotrophic bacteria mainly of the genus "Pseudomonas" on meat beef from the slaughterhouse of the municipality of Ouargla, during refrigeration. Samples were taken aseptically from the thighs of 15 bovine carcasses using the excision method. The psychrotrophic flora was counted on the nutrient agar and Plate Count Agar media, by mass inoculation of these culture media with the stock solution and its decimal dilutions. The phenotypic identification of the strains after isolation and purification was carried out by a morphological characterization of the colonies, microscopic of the bacterial cells and then the latter were subjected to a set of biochemical tests. The isolation of Pseudomonas was done on the two selective media: King A and King B (King A and King B media are used to guide the identification of Pseudomonas (the detection of the synthesis of pyocyanin and pyoverdin), the purification of the strains cultivated on these media was carried out on the nutrient broth then Nutrient Agar medium (GN) and the identification was accomplished by different biochemical tests. The count revealed the presence of psychrotrophic flora in all the meat samples analyzed. The means of contamination by this flora were 4.22±0.29 logufc/g on GN medium and 4.08±0.49 logufc/g on PCA medium. The isolated and purified strains belonged to ten strains, eight of which belonged to the genus: Pseudomonas, and two presented characteristics other than this genus. The bacterial diversity of this meat in the chilled state revealed six bacterial genera: Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Staphylococcus and Proteus. This leads to the conclusion that the meat beef produced at the slaughterhouse of Ouargla and preserved by refrigeration contains a bacterial flora belonging to several genera of psychrotrophic bacteria.

Background: This study, conducted on a sample of 60 bones, provides an in-depth analysis of the main characteristics of dromedary skulls, their variability and the correlations between their various parts. These data have made it possible to isolate measurements that could provide a general overview in camel craniometry. This area lacks research and this work, by focusing on sexual dimorphism, which is an important diagnostic factor, aims to deepen the understanding of the Targui population in the Ouargla region of Algeria. Methods: This study comprising a total of 30 males and 30 females Targui, organized into 4 groups: 15 young adult males (aged 5 to 9 years), 15 adult males (over 10 years), 15 young adult females (aged 5 to 9 years) and 15 adult females (over 10 years). The skulls are collected after slaughter. Each cranium was weighed and then measured using a caliper (15 linear measurements: 7 length measurements, 6 width measurements, 2 skull height measurements). The data underwent univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: For each measured variable, males are larger than females. The lateral width of the neurocranium CL5 shows the highest level of sexual dimorphism with an index close to 55%, followed by weight, which reaches 28.74%. This dimorphism is clear in the skull: males not only have larger bones but also longer ones, as is the case with cattle. This is a significant difference compared to other ruminants such as sheep or goats, where bone length is not a dimorphic parameter.

Background: The morphometric study of the Algerian dromedary population, specifically the Reguibi breed (Camelus dromedarius), involves analyzing various physical measurements and characteristics of these camels. Morphometric studies aim to understand the phenotypic diversity within a population, which can provide insights into their adaptation, genetic variability and potential for selective breeding or conservation efforts. Methods: This study used 60 live dromedaries from the Tindouf slaughterhouse in Algeria’s extreme southwest. The animals, 30 males and 30 females, were adults over the age of five years old who grazed in Tindouf’s southwestern regions. After four measurements, the substernal void index and live weight were calculated. Result: The mean live weights for males were 507.9 kg ± 97.3 kg and 445.6 kg ± 63 kg for females. The average withers height was 1.94±0.10 m for males and 1.84±0.10 m for females. The findings were compared to previous studies on Sahraoui, Targui and Steppe Camels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the Reguibi population in this region.