Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have been widely adopted worldwide as a new market-based initiative for conservation and environmental management. In Indonesia several PES initiatives exist ranging from watershed and terrestrial to marine ecosystem. Nevertheless, developing and managing PES programs in Indonesia are exacerbated by the complexity of institutional arrangements. Fiscal constraints are still the main obstacle of sustainable financing of PES mechanism. Rules and regulations with regard to PES fiscal mechanism are rather lacking, making it difficult for effective management of PES programs. As a consequence, efficient mechanism between users (firms) and environmental services is rather weak. This paper explores such a problem based on case studies of two existing PES programs in Indonesia. The paper analyzes the complexity of fiscal mechanism as a derivative of regulations and discusses challenges to overcome the constraints

As a significant contributor of plastic waste to the marine environment, Indonesia is striving to construct a national strategy for reducing plastic debris. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to create a model for plastic waste quantity originating from the mainland, accumulated in estuaries. This was achieved by compiling baseline data of marine plastic disposal from the mainland via comprehensive contextualisation of data generated by remote sensing technology and spatial analysis. The parameters used in this study cover plastic waste generation, land cover, population distribution, and human activity identification. These parameters were then used to generate the plastic waste disposal index; that is, the distribution of waste from the mainland, flowing through the river, and ultimately accumulating in the estuary. The plastic waste distribution is calculated based on the weighting method and overlap analysis between land and coastal areas. The results indicate that 0.6% of Indonesia, including metropolitan cities, account for the highest generation of plastic waste. Indicating of plastic releases to the ocean applied by of developing three different scenarios with the highest estimation 11.94 tonnes on a daily basis in an urban area, intended as the baseline study for setting priority zone for plastic waste management.

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) provide an integrated framework of targets and indicators, including the elimination of stunting, to support better development planning. Indonesia faces a significant challenge as it ranks fourth globally in terms of stunting prevalence, exacerbated by disparities across regions, gender, and socioeconomic status, further compounded by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Given the interlinked nature of SDGs, this study provides empirical support for the prioritization of SDG indicators, primarily in the context of stunting elimination at the district level in Indonesia. This study employed a combination of economic complexity and network theory, utilizing data from a comprehensive set of 54 indicators spanning 28 targets within 13 SDG goals in 514 districts. The analysis is based on network metrics, including revealed comparative advantage (RCA), proximity, centrality, and density to establish the SDG interlinkage network and identify key priority indicators. The findings highlight the importance of prioritizing indicators such as civil registration, health facilities and services, access to basic facilities and housing, and access to ICT in efforts to reduce stunting, particularly among disadvantaged households. Given the unique resources and capacities of each region, our analysis offers district-specific prioritization strategies for stunting elimination.

Anna Z. 2017. Indonesian shrimp resource accounting for sustainable stock management. Biodiversitas 18: 248-256. Shrimp fisheries is a resource of important economic value, and is one of the high-demand commodities. Although regarded as a resource that has the ability to grow relatively quick and allows for a year-round production, these resources could experience declining production, or even extinction, if not managed properly. Planning the management of shrimp fishery stock requires basic information on the stock dynamics, both in terms of its natural production and utilization, through resource accounting, mandated by the Agenda 21 of United Nation Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), formulated in the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). This study measures the accounting of the shrimp resources, both physical and monetary. In addition, the study also aims to measure the shrimp resource that can be utilized (fishable biomass), from the balance of resources. The approach used in this study is a standard bioeconomic model, with Fox model to estimate biological parameters, and methods of System of National Accounts of FAO (2004), named recursive model, adapted to the existing data. The results of the analysis, includes the calculation of standing stocks (physical asset account), fishable biomass, depletion, as well as monetary accounts. Result shows that the overall condition of the stock still in surplus, where the standing stocks from 1988 to 2014, are in the range of 200,000 to 900,000 tons yearly, with the monetary value between IDR 500 billion to 2 trillion. The intrinsic growth of shrimp tend to be positive in average, with values in the range of -258,000 tons to 263,890 tons. The trend estimation for the next five years (2015-2020), showed a decrease in the stock, and the stock closed as many as 350,000 tons in 2020. This paper also suggests the policy recommendations for the development and management of shrimp resources, in Indonesia. Keywords: Bio-economic modelling, fishery accounting, fishery stock management plan, monetary account, physical account, shrimp

In this paper, we discuss the literature and consider the historical relationship between growth and a set of poverty‐related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically extreme monetary poverty, undernutrition, stunting, child mortality, maternal mortality and access to clean water. We then make projections for 2030. We find that it is very likely that global poverty‐related SDGs will not be met and by a considerable distance. The implication of this, we argue, is that more emphasis is needed on both policies to raise growth rates (i.e., build productive capacities) and distributive policy measures such as the introduction or expansion of income transfers, and ensuring investments in public goods are sufficient.