Background: Brazil, one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting countries in the world, emitted approximately 2 billion gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in 2018. This data is practically the same recorded in the previous year, suggesting that the country’s trajectory of CO₂ emissions is stabilized. Methods: This study presents an overview of environmental protection and climate change mitigation policies adopted in Brazil, as well as makes use the multilevel regression modeling technique to investigate the relationship between economic activities variables in relation to CO₂ emissions over the years of 1970 to 2018 in all Brazilian states. Results: The results show that the CO₂ emissions in the states have the same behavior as the timeline of the change in land use. Conclusions: The public policies and actions by society and the private sector were fundamental to the reduction verified from the year of 2004 that followed until 2010, both in CO₂ emissions and in the change in land use and forests. As of this year, there has been a trend towards stability in CO₂ emissions. Another important characteristic is that even with a drop in the number of deforestation, the production variables continued to grow, which shows that there may be an increase in production activities, while there is a reduction in deforestation and in CO₂ emissions.

This article aimed to present the goals of the ABC Plan for low-carbon agriculture, and uses the multiple regressions modeling technique to investigate economic activity variables in relation to CO2 emissions over the period from 1990 to 2018 in all Brazilian states. The results show that the CO2 emissions in the states, have the same behavior as the land use change timeline, and that public policies and society actions were fundamental to the decrease verified in both CO2 emissions and the change in use, of the land observed from the year 2004 until 2010. From this year, followed a trend of stability in CO2 emissions and land use change. Another important characteristic is that despite the decrease in the number of deforestations, economic activities continued to grow in the regions, which demonstrates that there may be an increase in production even though the numbers of deforestation and CO2 emissions are decreasing. This information, strengthen the Low Carbon Agriculture Program, as the main strategy for the development of the productive sector, mainly for sustainable agriculture.

O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar uma heurística para localização de p-medianas, no sentido de identificar os melhores locais para instalação de Institutos Federais no estado de Santa Catarina, de maneira a minimizar custos com transporte. Foram utilizados três cenários: o primeiro considera a população do estado de Santa Catarina, enquanto o segundo, o número de alunos que completaram o Ensino Fundamental e o Ensino Médio. Já o terceiro cenário considera a taxa de analfabetismo. A otimização foi feita por meio da heurística de Teitz e Bart das p-medianas. A heurística Teiz e Bart demonstrou ser uma excelente aproximação para o problema das p-medianas e apresentou um excelente resultado para tomada de decisão na administração pública.

The development of the electric energy market has gained visibility due to the recent transformations in energy policies in Brazil and worldwide. For many years, investments were not made in the Brazilian electricity sector, causing a delay in the energy matrix. With this, the government implemented measures for structural and institutional reforms in the electricity sector with the objective of guaranteeing the expansion of the generating park, attracting private investment, and promoting market competition. The restructuring of the electricity sector led to the emergence of new ways to negotiate energy, new structures and entities, with the objective of increasing transparency, competitiveness and efficiency among market agents. In the new model of the Brazilian Electricity Sector (SEB), energy trading is carried out through two contracting environments, the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). This research analyzes the electric energy commercialization strategies through generation agents acting and competing in the short-term energy market, through the use of competitiveness graphs.