PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL KOMPREHENSIF DI INDONESIA

Poverty reduction has become a priority for government of the Republic of Indonesia in the last decade. One among poverty reduction programs based on family called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). PKH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program for poor families. PKH has addressed to cut off poverty chain through the accessibility of education, health, and social welfare services. PKH beneficiaries, besides getting social assistance in the form of cash transfer, also received capacity building in the form of Family Development Sessions (FDS). FDS has formed as behavioral change intervention that carried out by PKH Facilitator. This study has aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of FDS and changes in poor family behavior. Qualitative approach has been used for this research with an open-ended interview as a collective data technique. The FDS meeting was held at beneficiaries’ household, and public facilities. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of FDS is highly dependent on the competency of PKH Facilitator, frequency has done once a month, each for two hours. Teaching aids in the form of modules and flipcharts. The FDS material consists of education and parenting, economics, health, and child protection. Changes in Poor Family Behavior include being able to regulate household financial planning, healthier lifestyles, childcare and care for the elderly and disability. This study recommends the need for material adaptation according to regional conditions. The economic module needs to be added to the session on social entrepreneurship, especially for PKH beneficiaries who will graduate.

Bencana alam sering terjadi di Indonesia, Kementerian Sosial membuat kebijakan programkampung siaga bencana dan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana membuat kebijakan programdesa/kelurahan tangguh bencana. Keduanya, merupakan kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanggulanganbencana berbasis komunitas. Sehingga terkesan terjadi tumpang tindih program. Oleh karena itu penelitianini membandingkan kebijakan program kampung siaga bencana dan desa tangguh bencana dilihat darilembaga pembuat kebijakan, tujuan, konsep desa/kelurahan dan kampung, organisasi pelaksana, pelaksana,mitra organisasi, konteks ekologikal, protokol intervensi, populasi target.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berbeda dengan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana,Kementerian Sosial RI tidak hanya sebagai pembuat kebijakan akan tetapi juga melaksanakan fasilitasilangsung pembentukan kelembagaan kampung siaga bencana. Konsep kampung pada kampung siagabencana cenderung pada merek program bukan kampung sebagai wilayah sedangkan pada desa/kelurahan merupakan konsep kewilayahan desa/kelurahan itu sendiri. Tujuan dari kampung siaga bencanacenderung lebih kompleks yaitu memberikan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat, membentuk jejaringdan memperkuat interaksi sosial, mengorganisasikan, menjamin kesinambungan, mengoptimalkan potensidan sumber daya sedangkan pada desa/kelurahan tangguh bencana lebih cenderung sebagai upayapeningkatan penanggulangan berbasis komunitasKata kunci: bencana, penanggulangan bencana berbasis komunitas, kebijakan, model tindakan.