PREVALENSI KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK LAKI-LAKI DAN ANAK PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA

Poverty reduction has become a priority for government of the Republic of Indonesia in the last decade. One among poverty reduction programs based on family called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). PKH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program for poor families. PKH has addressed to cut off poverty chain through the accessibility of education, health, and social welfare services. PKH beneficiaries, besides getting social assistance in the form of cash transfer, also received capacity building in the form of Family Development Sessions (FDS). FDS has formed as behavioral change intervention that carried out by PKH Facilitator. This study has aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of FDS and changes in poor family behavior. Qualitative approach has been used for this research with an open-ended interview as a collective data technique. The FDS meeting was held at beneficiaries’ household, and public facilities. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of FDS is highly dependent on the competency of PKH Facilitator, frequency has done once a month, each for two hours. Teaching aids in the form of modules and flipcharts. The FDS material consists of education and parenting, economics, health, and child protection. Changes in Poor Family Behavior include being able to regulate household financial planning, healthier lifestyles, childcare and care for the elderly and disability. This study recommends the need for material adaptation according to regional conditions. The economic module needs to be added to the session on social entrepreneurship, especially for PKH beneficiaries who will graduate.

LINGKUNGAN DAN PERILAKU AGRESIF INDIVIDU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan upaya agar PKH dapat mempercepat penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menjadikan pendekatan kuantitatif sebagai penunjang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan Focus Group Discussion. Untuk kebutuhan analisis kuantitatif, digunakan skala BSRI. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa untuk mempercepat penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui PKH perlu dilakukan re-design berupa inovasi program dalam rangka pengembangan program secara fundamental. Inovasi ini difokuskan pada 2 hal, yaitu: (1) merespon upaya yang sudah dilakukan tetapi belum optimal; dan (2) melakukan reorientasi program secara mendasar dengan menjadikan PKH sebagai pintu masuk menuju integrasi program perlindungan sosial sekaligus integrasi program penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia, dengan fokus memperkuat keberfungsian keluarga miskin secara utuh. Upaya ini diharapkan akan “memaksa” anggota keluarga berperilaku produktif, bukan kontraproduktif. Sejalan dengan kesimpulan di atas, penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar penyelenggara segera mengambil inisiatif untuk menjadikan PKH sebagai pintu masuk menuju integrasi program perlindungan sosial sekaligus integrasi program penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Langkah ini hendaknya diikuti denggan kajian khusus terhadap berbagai produk kebijakan terkait. Kata Kunci : Upaya Percepatan; Kemiskinan; Program Keluarga Harapan Abstract This study aims to describe the efforts for PKH to accelerate poverty reduction in Indonesia. The research is done by qualitative approach by making quantitative approach as supporting. Technique of data collecting done by observation, interview, and Focus Group Discussion. For the needs of quantitative analysis, the BSRI scale is used. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results concluded that to accelerate poverty alleviation through PKH, it is necessary to re-design in the form of program innovation in the framework of fundamentally developing the program. This innovation is focused on 2 things, namely: (1) responding to efforts that have been done but not yet optimal; and (2) fundamentally reorient the program by making PKH a gateway to the integration of social protection programs as well as the integration of poverty reduction programs in Indonesia, with a focus on strengthening the functioning of poor families as a whole. These efforts are expected to "force" family members to behave productively, rather than counterproductive. In line with the above conclusion, this research recommends that organizers immediately take the initiative to make PKH an entrance to the integration of social protection programs as well as integration of poverty reduction programs in Indonesia. This step should be followed by a special review of relevant policy products. Keywords: Acceleration Efforts; Poverty; Family Hope Program

Ease of doing business is a pillar of a nation's development. Creating fast, easy, transparent, accountable, and integrated business registration licensing services requires the collaboration of actors across sectors and government levels. This study aims to explain how actor collaboration in business licensing is integrated with the Land Use Framework in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results showed that integrated business licensing is a collaborative process between actors from various government institutions, both central and regional. This collaboration is shown through integrating the Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system with the spatial system, as well as the active role of actors in synchronizing licensing and spatial utilization. However, implementing this policy faces challenges in the form of a sectoral ego, limited capacity, and unoptimal coordination between actors. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen collaborative governance through role clarity, capacity building, and coordination between actors. These findings provide implications for formulating business licensing policies in Indonesia to be more adaptive to spatial dynamics and the needs of business actors.