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Sammar Khalil
Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-234 22 Alnarp, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in AgriEngineering
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Chlorophyll fluorescence is interesting for phenotyping applications as it is rich in biological information and can be measured remotely and non-destructively. There are several techniques for measuring and analysing this signal. However, the standard methods use rather extreme conditions, e.g., saturating light and dark adaption, which are difficult to accommodate in the field or in a greenhouse and, hence, limit their use for high-throughput phenotyping. In this article, we use a different approach, extracting plant health information from the dynamics of the chlorophyll fluorescence induced by a weak light excitation and no dark adaption, to classify plants as healthy or unhealthy. To evaluate the method, we scanned over a number of species (lettuce, lemon balm, tomato, basil, and strawberries) exposed to either abiotic stress (drought and salt) or biotic stress factors (root infection using Pythium ultimum and leaf infection using Powdery mildew Podosphaera aphanis). Our conclusions are that, for abiotic stress, the proposed method was very successful, while, for powdery mildew, a method with spatial resolution would be desirable due to the nature of the infection, i.e., point-wise spread. Pythium infection on the roots is not visually detectable in the same way as powdery mildew; however, it affects the whole plant, making the method an interesting option for Pythium detection. However, further research is necessary to determine the limit of infection needed to detect the stress with the proposed method.

ACS Style

Linnéa Ahlman; Daniel Bånkestad; Sammar Khalil; Karl-Johan Bergstrand; Torsten Wik. Stress Detection Using Proximal Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence on the Canopy Level. AgriEngineering 2021, 3, 648 -668.

AMA Style

Linnéa Ahlman, Daniel Bånkestad, Sammar Khalil, Karl-Johan Bergstrand, Torsten Wik. Stress Detection Using Proximal Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence on the Canopy Level. AgriEngineering. 2021; 3 (3):648-668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linnéa Ahlman; Daniel Bånkestad; Sammar Khalil; Karl-Johan Bergstrand; Torsten Wik. 2021. "Stress Detection Using Proximal Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence on the Canopy Level." AgriEngineering 3, no. 3: 648-668.

Research
Published: 05 July 2021 in BMC Microbiology
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Background Aquaponics are food production systems advocated for food security and health. Their sustainability from a nutritional and plant health perspective is, however, a significant challenge. Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) form a major part of aquaponic systems, but knowledge about their microbial potential to benefit plant growth and plant health is limited. The current study tested if the diversity and function of microbial communities in two commercial RAS were specific to the fish species used (Tilapia or Clarias) and sampling site (fish tanks and wastewaters), and whether they confer benefits to plants and have in vitro antagonistic potential towards plant pathogens. Results Microbial diversity and composition was found to be dependent on fish species and sample site. The Tilapia RAS hosted higher bacterial diversity than the Clarias RAS; but the later hosted higher fungal diversity. Both Tilapia and Clarias RAS hosted bacterial and fungal communities that promoted plant growth, inhibited plant pathogens and encouraged biodegradation. The production of extracellular enzymes, related to nutrient availability and pathogen control, by bacterial strains isolated from the Tilapia and Clarias systems, makes them a promising tool in aquaponics and in their system design. Conclusions This study explored the microbial diversity and potential of the commercial RAS with either Tilapia or Clarias as a tool to benefit the aquaponic system with respect to plant growth promotion and control of plant diseases.

ACS Style

Sammar Khalil; Preeti Panda; Farideh Ghadamgahi; AnnaKarin Rosberg; Ramesh R Vetukuri. Comparison of two commercial recirculated aquacultural systems and their microbial potential in plant disease suppression. BMC Microbiology 2021, 21, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Sammar Khalil, Preeti Panda, Farideh Ghadamgahi, AnnaKarin Rosberg, Ramesh R Vetukuri. Comparison of two commercial recirculated aquacultural systems and their microbial potential in plant disease suppression. BMC Microbiology. 2021; 21 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sammar Khalil; Preeti Panda; Farideh Ghadamgahi; AnnaKarin Rosberg; Ramesh R Vetukuri. 2021. "Comparison of two commercial recirculated aquacultural systems and their microbial potential in plant disease suppression." BMC Microbiology 21, no. 1: 1-19.

Review
Published: 28 August 2019 in Sustainability
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The transition to a bio-based economy is expected to deliver substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, bio-based production systems still come with significant environmental challenges, and there is a need for assessment methods that are adapted for the specific characteristics of these systems. In this review, we investigated how the environmental aspects of bio-based production systems differ from those of non-renewable systems, what requirements these differences impose when assessing their sustainability, and to what extent mainstream assessment methods fulfil these requirements. One unique characteristic of bio-based production is the need to maintain the regenerative capacity of the system. The necessary conditions for maintaining regenerative capacity are often provided through direct or indirect interactions between the production system and surrounding “supporting” systems. Thus, in the environmental assessment, impact categories affected in both the primary production system and the supporting systems need to be included, and impact models tailored to the specific context of the study should be used. Development in this direction requires efforts to broaden the system boundaries of conventional environmental assessments, to increase the level of spatial and temporal differentiation, and to improve our understanding of how local uniqueness and temporal dynamics affect the performance of the investigated system.

ACS Style

Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist; Sarah Broberg; Linda Tufvesson; Sammar Khalil; Thomas Prade. Bio-Based Production Systems: Why Environmental Assessment Needs to Include Supporting Systems. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4678 .

AMA Style

Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist, Sarah Broberg, Linda Tufvesson, Sammar Khalil, Thomas Prade. Bio-Based Production Systems: Why Environmental Assessment Needs to Include Supporting Systems. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist; Sarah Broberg; Linda Tufvesson; Sammar Khalil; Thomas Prade. 2019. "Bio-Based Production Systems: Why Environmental Assessment Needs to Include Supporting Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4678.

Review
Published: 28 May 2019 in Horticulturae
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Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60° N latitude), but also at lower latitudes, is dependent on artificial assimilation lighting to improve plant performance and the profitability of ornamental crops, and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. In order to reduce energy consumption and energy costs, alternative technologies for lighting have been introduced, including light-emitting diodes (LED). This technology is also well-established within urban farming, especially plant factories. Different light technologies influence biotic and abiotic conditions in the plant environment. This review focuses on the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. Bacterial and fungal pathogens, biocontrol agents, and the phyllobiome are considered. Relevant molecular mechanisms regulating light-quality-related processes in bacteria are described and knowledge gaps are discussed with reference to ecological theories.

ACS Style

Beatrix Alsanius; Maria Karlsson; Anna Rosberg; Martine Dorais; Most Naznin; Sammar Khalil; Karl-Johan Bergstrand. Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant–Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems—A Review. Horticulturae 2019, 5, 41 .

AMA Style

Beatrix Alsanius, Maria Karlsson, Anna Rosberg, Martine Dorais, Most Naznin, Sammar Khalil, Karl-Johan Bergstrand. Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant–Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems—A Review. Horticulturae. 2019; 5 (2):41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrix Alsanius; Maria Karlsson; Anna Rosberg; Martine Dorais; Most Naznin; Sammar Khalil; Karl-Johan Bergstrand. 2019. "Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant–Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems—A Review." Horticulturae 5, no. 2: 41.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2011 in Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
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The effects of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on the performance of the commercial biocontrol product Binab T against the root pathogen Pythium ultimum were studied in order to identify supporting factors to increase the efficiency and decrease the inconsistency of biocontrol agents in closed cultivation systems. Using a substrate-based growing system, the commercial product Binab T with the active strains Trichoderma polysporum plus T. harzianum was evaluated at four different EC levels (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 mS cm−1) over seven weeks in a controlled climate chamber environment, using tomato as the model plant. Addition of the biocontrol agent to the cultivation system caused a reduction in the level and incidence of pathogen attack that improved with increasing EC level from 2.5 mS cm−1 onward. Production of the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and glucanase by Binab T increased with increasing EC level, independent of pathogen presence. In a control treatment with no artificial inoculation, enzyme activity decreased with increasing EC level. Increasing EC levels in the presence of Binab T also had a positive effect on plant biomass. The highest antagonistic effect of Binab T against Pythium ultimum, as indicated by enzyme activity, amount of pathogen in the system and disease incidence, occurred at 3.5 mS cm−1. The plant growth-promoting effect of Binab T also peaked at 3.5 mS cm−1.

ACS Style

Sammar Khalil. Influence of electrical conductivity on biological activity of Pythium ultimum and Binab T in a closed soilless system. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 2011, 118, 102 -108.

AMA Style

Sammar Khalil. Influence of electrical conductivity on biological activity of Pythium ultimum and Binab T in a closed soilless system. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 2011; 118 (3):102-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sammar Khalil. 2011. "Influence of electrical conductivity on biological activity of Pythium ultimum and Binab T in a closed soilless system." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 118, no. 3: 102-108.