In the last decades, nanotechnology has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, both diagnostic and therapeutic. In this scenario, imaging techniques represent a fundamental tool to obtain information about the properties of nanoconstructs and their interactions with the biological environment in preclinical and clinical settings. This paper reviews the state of the art of the application of magnetic resonance imaging in the field of nanomedicine, as well as the use of nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, especially in cancer, including the characteristics that hinder the use of nanoparticles in clinical practice.

To evaluate the role of anesthetics, steroids and PRP employed with ultrasound (US)-guided injection in the management of musculoskeletal pathology of the extremities. US-guided injection represents an interesting and minimally invasive solution for the treatment of tendon and joint inflammatory or degenerative diseases. The availability of a variety of new drugs such as Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet Rich Plasma provides expansion of the indications and therapeutic possibilities. The clinical results obtained in terms of pain reduction and functional recovery suggest that the use of infiltrative procedures can be a good therapeutic alternative in degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) and Radiofrequency thermal Ablation (RFA) in the management of bone and soft tissue lesions. Musculoskeletal Interventional Radiology (IR) represents an interesting option for the treatment of benign bone and soft tissue lesions, to avoid invasiveness of surgery and related risks. The imaging techniques now available, besides representing an optimal guide, allow control of the temperature reached in the region of interest avoiding or minimizing damage to sensitive structures surrounding the lesion.

Ankle injuries are very common among patients presenting to emergency departments, affecting patients of both sexes at any age. Management of ankle injuries can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons, given the large range of osteochondral, tendinous, and capsuloligamentous injuries that can occur. An accurate imaging evaluation is therefore of paramount importance to identify the degree and type of injury correctly and to direct the patient to the correct therapeutic management. Radiologic evaluation is the most appropriate initial imaging modality. Cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) has a secondary role in an emergency, primarily as a tool for preoperative planning and as a problem-solving technique in patients with suspected occult fractures or soft tissue injuries. We review the role of imaging in the evaluation of patients with ankle trauma and the main imaging findings occurring in such injuries.