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The versatility of a rare metal, molybdenum (Mo) in many industrial applications is one of the reasons why Mo is currently one of the growing environmental pollutants worldwide. Traces of inorganic contaminants, including Mo, have been discovered in Antarctica and are compromising the ecosystem. Bioremediation utilising bacteria to transform pollutants into a less toxic form is one of the approaches for solving Mo pollution. Mo reduction is a process of transforming sodium molybdate with an oxidation state of 6+ to Mo-blue, an inert version of the compound. Although there are a few Mo-reducing microbes that have been identified worldwide, only two studies were reported on the microbial reduction of Mo in Antarctica. Therefore, this study was done to assess the ability of Antarctic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. strain AQ5-05, in reducing Mo. Optimisation of Mo reduction in Mo-supplemented media was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. Through OFAT, Mo was reduced optimally with substrate concentration of sucrose, ammonium sulphate, and molybdate at 1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 10 mM, respectively. The pH and salinity of the media were the best at 7.0 and 0.5 g/L, respectively, while the optimal temperature was at 10 °C. Further optimisation using RSM showed greater Mo-blue production in comparison to OFAT. The strain was able to stand high concentration of Mo and low temperature conditions, thus showing its potential in reducing Mo in Antarctica by employing conditions optimised by RSM.
Syazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water 2021, 13, 2367 .
AMA StyleSyazani Darham, Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin, Kavilasni Subramaniam, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05." Water 13, no. 17: 2367.
Antarctica is a relatively pristine continent that attracts scientists and tourists alike. However, the risk of environmental pollution in Antarctica is increasing with the increase in the number of visitors. Recently, there has been a surge in interest regarding diesel, heavy metals and microplastics pollution. Contamination from these pollutants poses risks to the environment and the health of organisms inhabiting the continent. Penguins are one of the most prominent and widely distributed animals in Antarctica and are at major risk due to pollution. Even on a small scale, the impacts of pollution toward penguin populations are extensive. This review discusses the background of penguins in Antarctica, the anthropogenic pollution and cases, as well as the impacts of diesel, heavy metals and microplastics toxicities on penguins. The trends of the literature for the emerging risks of these pollutants are also reviewed through a bibliometric approach and network mapping analysis. A sum of 27 articles are analyzed on the effects of varying pollutants on penguins in Antarctica from 2000 to 2020 using the VOSviewer bibliometric software, Microsoft Excel and Tableau Public. Research articles collected from the Scopus database are evaluated for the most applicable research themes according to the bibliometric indicators (articles, geography distribution, annual production, integrated subject areas, key source journals and keyword or term interactions). Although bibliometric studies on the present research theme are not frequent, our results are sub-optimal due to the small number of search query matches from the Scopus database. As a result, our findings offer only a fragmentary comprehension of the topics in question. Nevertheless, this review provides valuable inputs regarding prospective research avenues for researchers to pursue in the future.
Nurul Aini Puasa; Azham Zulkharnain; Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Faradina Merican; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review. Animals 2021, 11, 2505 .
AMA StyleNurul Aini Puasa, Azham Zulkharnain, Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian, Chiew-Yen Wong, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri, Faradina Merican, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Aini Puasa; Azham Zulkharnain; Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Faradina Merican; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review." Animals 11, no. 9: 2505.
Microalgal biomass is one of the crucial criteria in microalgal studies. Many reported methods, even the well-established protocol on microalgal dry weight (DW) determination, vary greatly, and reliable comparative assessment amongst published results could be problematic. This study aimed to determine the best condition of critical parameters in marine microalgal DW determination for laboratory-scale culture using four different marine microalgal species. These parameters included the washing process, grades of glass microfiber filter (GMF), GMF pretreatment conditions, washing agent (ammonium formate) concentrations, culture: washing agent ratios (v:v) and washing cycles. GMF grade GF/A with precombustion at 450 °C provided the most satisfactory DW and the highest ash-free dry weight (AFDW)/DW ratio. Furthermore, 0.05 M ammonium formate with 1:2 culture: washing agent ratio and a minimum of two washing cycles appeared to be the best settings of microalgal DW determination. The present treatment increased the AFDW/DW ratio of the four respective microalgae by a minimum of 19%. The findings of this study could serve as a pivotal reference in developing a standardized protocol of marine microalgal DW determination to obtain veracious and reliable marine microalgal DW.
Yam Sim Khaw; Hui Teng Tan; Arissara Sopawong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abdul Rahman Omar; Fatimah Md. Yusoff. A Recommendation for a Pre-Standardized Marine Microalgal Dry Weight Determination Protocol for Laboratory Scale Culture Using Ammonium Formate as a Washing Agent. Biology 2021, 10, 799 .
AMA StyleYam Sim Khaw, Hui Teng Tan, Arissara Sopawong, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abdul Rahman Omar, Fatimah Md. Yusoff. A Recommendation for a Pre-Standardized Marine Microalgal Dry Weight Determination Protocol for Laboratory Scale Culture Using Ammonium Formate as a Washing Agent. Biology. 2021; 10 (8):799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYam Sim Khaw; Hui Teng Tan; Arissara Sopawong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abdul Rahman Omar; Fatimah Md. Yusoff. 2021. "A Recommendation for a Pre-Standardized Marine Microalgal Dry Weight Determination Protocol for Laboratory Scale Culture Using Ammonium Formate as a Washing Agent." Biology 10, no. 8: 799.
Despite the continuous enforcement of Antarctic Treaty System, ATS (1961), today Antarctica is constantly plagued by hydrocarbon pollution from both legacy and present-day wastes, especially near where anthropogenic activities are the most intense. The advances of science have led to multiple breakthroughs to bolster bioremediation techniques and revamp existing laws that prevent or limit the extent of hydrocarbon pollution in Antarctica. This review serves as the extension of collective efforts by the Antarctic communities through visual representation that summarizes decades of findings (circa 2000–2020) from various fields, pertinent to the application of microbe-mediated hydrocarbons remediation. A scientometric analysis was carried out based on indexed, scientific repositories (ScienceDirect and Scopus), encompassing various parameters, including but not limited to keywords co-occurrences, contributing countries, trends and current breakthroughs in polar researches. The emergence of keywords such as bioremediation, biosurfactants, petroleum hydrocarbons, biodiesel, metagenomics and Antarctic treaty policy portrays the dynamic shifts in Antarctic affairs during the last decades, which initially focused on exploration and resources exploitation before switching to scientific research and the more recent ecotourism. This review also presents the hydrocarbonoclastic microbes studied in the past, known and proposed metabolic pathways and genes related to hydrocarbon biodegradation as well as bacterial adaptations to low-temperature condition.
Ahmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7064 .
AMA StyleAhmad Roslee, Siti Ahmad, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Noor Shaharuddin, Khalilah Khalil, Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7064.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. 2021. "Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7064.
Hydrocarbon pollution is widespread around the globe and, even in the remoteness of Antarctica, the impacts of hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources are still apparent. Antarctica’s chronically cold temperatures and other extreme environmental conditions reduce the rates of biological processes, including the biodegradation of pollutants. However, the native Antarctic microbial diversity provides a reservoir of cold-adapted microorganisms, some of which have the potential for biodegradation. This study evaluated the diesel hydrocarbon-degrading ability of a psychrotolerant marine bacterial consortium obtained from the coast of the north-west Antarctic Peninsula. The consortium’s growth conditions were optimised using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and statistical response surface methodology (RSM), which identified optimal growth conditions of pH 8.0, 10 °C, 25 ppt NaCl and 1.5 g/L NH4NO3. The predicted model was highly significant and confirmed that the parameters’ salinity, temperature, nitrogen concentration and initial diesel concentration significantly influenced diesel biodegradation. Using the optimised values generated by RSM, a mass reduction of 12.23 mg/mL from the initial 30.518 mg/mL (4% (w/v)) concentration of diesel was achieved within a 6 d incubation period. This study provides further evidence for the presence of native hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in non-contaminated Antarctic seawater.
Nur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1213 .
AMA StyleNur Zakaria, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Ahmad Roslee, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Shaharuddin, Leyla Cárdenas, Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (6):1213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater." Microorganisms 9, no. 6: 1213.
Pollution associated with petrogenic hydrocarbons is increasing in Antarctica due to a combination of increasing human activity and the continent’s unforgiving environmental conditions. The current study focuses on the ability of a cold-adapted crude microbial consortium (BS24), isolated from soil on the north-west Antarctic Peninsula, to metabolise diesel fuel as the sole carbon source in a shake-flask setting. Factors expected to influence the efficiency of diesel biodegradation, namely temperature, initial diesel concentration, nitrogen source type and concentration, salinity and pH were studied. Consortium BS24 displayed optimal cell growth and diesel degradation activity at 1.0% NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.5 g/L NH4Cl and 2.0% v/v initial diesel concentration during one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analyses. The consortium was psychrotolerant based on the optimum growth temperature of 10‒15 °C. In conventionally optimised media, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) mineralisation was 85% over a 7-day incubation. Further optimisation of conditions predicted through statistical response-surface methodology (RSM) (1.0% NaCl, pH 7.25, 0.75 g/L NH4Cl, 12.5 °C and 1.75% v/v initial diesel concentration) boosted mineralisation to 95% over a 7-day incubation. A Tessier secondary model best described the growth pattern of BS24 in diesel-enriched medium, with maximum specific growth rate, μmax, substrate inhibition constant, Ki and half saturation constant, Ks, being 0.9996 h−1, 1.356% v/v and 1.238% v/v, respectively. The data obtained suggest the potential of microbial consortia such as BS24 in bioremediation applications in low-temperature diesel-polluted soils.
Ahmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology 2021, 10, 493 .
AMA StyleAhmad Roslee, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Nur Zakaria, Nor Shaharuddin, Azham Zulkharnain, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology. 2021; 10 (6):493.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica." Biology 10, no. 6: 493.
Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human’s lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1–100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist’s core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.
Hanadi Sawalha; Rambod Abiri; Ruzana Sanusi; Noor Shaharuddin; Aida Noor; Nor Ab Shukor; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Siti Ahmad. Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants. Plants 2021, 10, 929 .
AMA StyleHanadi Sawalha, Rambod Abiri, Ruzana Sanusi, Noor Shaharuddin, Aida Noor, Nor Ab Shukor, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Siti Ahmad. Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants. Plants. 2021; 10 (5):929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanadi Sawalha; Rambod Abiri; Ruzana Sanusi; Noor Shaharuddin; Aida Noor; Nor Ab Shukor; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants." Plants 10, no. 5: 929.
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation is an important abiotic constraint that affects plant cellular homeostasis, especially in tropical regions with high acidic soil and less solubilizable Pi. In the current work, oil palm seedlings were hydroponically maintained under optimal Pi-supply and no Pi-supply conditions for 14 days, and metabolites were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), from leaves and roots, after seven and 14 days of treatment, to investigate biochemical pathways in relation to P-utilizing strategy. After seven days of limited Pi, plant leaves showed increased levels of most soluble sugars, and after 14 days, the sugars’ level decrease, except for erythritol, mannose, fructose, and glucose, which showed the highest levels. Rather in root samples, there were different but overlapping alterations, mainly on sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. The leaf sample was shown to have the highest response of sugars with myo-inositol playing a vital role in the redistribution of sugars, while maltose levels increased, indicating active degradation of starch in the root. High levels of glycerol and stearate in both roots and leaves suggest the metabolism of storage lipids for cellular energy during Pi-deficient conditions.
Isiaka Muhammad; Siti Abdullah; Halimi Saud; Noor Shaharuddin; Nurulfiza Isa. The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites 2021, 11, 217 .
AMA StyleIsiaka Muhammad, Siti Abdullah, Halimi Saud, Noor Shaharuddin, Nurulfiza Isa. The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (4):217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsiaka Muhammad; Siti Abdullah; Halimi Saud; Noor Shaharuddin; Nurulfiza Isa. 2021. "The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency." Metabolites 11, no. 4: 217.
Bioremediation of hydrocarbons has received much attention in recent decades, particularly relating to fuel and other oils. While of great relevance globally, there has recently been increasing interest in hydrocarbon bioremediation in the marine environments of Antarctica. To provide an objective assessment of the research interest in this field we used VOSviewer software to analyze publication data obtained from the ScienceDirect database covering the period 1970 to the present, but with a primary focus on the years 2000–2020. A bibliometric analysis of the database allowed identification of the co-occurrence of keywords. There was an increasing trend over time for publications relating to oil bioremediation in maritime Antarctica, including both studies on marine bioremediation and of the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation. Studies of marine anaerobic degradation remain under-represented compared to those of aerobic degradation. Emerging keywords in recent years included bioprospecting, metagenomic, bioindicator, and giving insight into changing research foci, such as increasing attention to microbial diversity. The study of microbial genomes using metagenomic approaches or whole genome studies is increasing rapidly and is likely to drive emerging fields in future, including rapid expansion of bioprospecting in diverse fields of biotechnology.
Nur Zakaria; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad. Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 419 .
AMA StyleNur Zakaria, Peter Convey, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Shaharuddin, Siti Ahmad. Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (2):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Zakaria; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis." Microorganisms 9, no. 2: 419.
The globe is presently reliant on natural resources, fossil fuels, and crude oil to support the world’s energy requirements. Human exploration for oil resources is always associated with irreversible effects. Primary sources of hydrocarbon pollution are instigated through oil exploration, extraction, and transportation in the Arctic region. To address the state of pollution, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and processes of the bioremediation of hydrocarbons. The application of various microbial communities originated from the Arctic can provide a better interpretation on the mechanisms of specific microbes in the biodegradation process. The composition of oil and consequences of hydrocarbon pollutants to the various marine environments are also discussed in this paper. An overview of emerging trends on literature or research publications published in the last decade was compiled via bibliometric analysis in relation to the topic of interest, which is the microbial community present in the Arctic and Antarctic marine environments. This review also presents the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community present in the Arctic, biodegradation metabolic pathways (enzymatic level), and capacity of microbial degradation from the perspective of metagenomics. The limitations are stated and recommendations are proposed for future research prospects on biodegradation of oil contaminants by microbial community at the low temperature regions of the Arctic.
Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1671 .
AMA StyleGayathiri Verasoundarapandian, Chiew-Yen Wong, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1671.
Diesel acts as a main energy source to complement human activities in Antarctica. However, the increased expedition in Antarctica has threatened the environment as well as its living organisms. While more efforts on the use of renewable energy are being done, most activities in Antarctica still depend heavily on the use of diesel. Diesel contaminants in their natural state are known to be persistent, complex and toxic. The low temperature in Antarctica worsens these issues, making pollutants more significantly toxic to their environment and indigenous organisms. A bibliometric analysis had demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of studies on the microbial hydrocarbon remediation in Antarctica over the year. It was also found that these studies were dominated by those that used bacteria as remediating agents, whereas very little focus was given on fungi and microalgae. This review presents a summary of the collective and past understanding to the current findings of Antarctic microbial enzymatic degradation of hydrocarbons as well as its genotypic adaptation to the extreme low temperature.
Rasidnie Wong; Zheng Lim; Noor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1512 .
AMA StyleRasidnie Wong, Zheng Lim, Noor Shaharuddin, Azham Zulkharnain, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Ahmad. Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasidnie Wong; Zheng Lim; Noor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1512.
Diesel is a fuel commonly used in Antarctica to supply vessels and domestic applications on site. The increasing human activities in the continent consequently have generated high fuel demand, which in turn has increased the occurrence of oil pollution due to accidental events during refueling. A related study received growing interest as more detrimental effects have been reported on Antarctic ecosystems. By adopting the bibliometric analysis, the research on diesel pollution in Antarctica collected in the Scopus database was systematically analysed. An increment in annual publication growth from 1980 to 2019 was observed and two research clusters were illustrated with “hydrocarbons” as the core keyword. Several attempts have been conducted over the past decades to remove anthropogenic hydrocarbon from previous abandoned whaling sites as well as recent oil spill incidents. However, the remote and polar conditions of Antarctica constrained the installation and operation of clean-up infrastructure. This review also briefly encompasses the approaches from past to present on the management of fuel pollution in Antarctica and highlights the potential of phytoremediation as a new bioremediation prospect.
Zheng Syuen Lim; Rasidnie Razin Wong; Chiew-Yen Wong; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1123 .
AMA StyleZheng Syuen Lim, Rasidnie Razin Wong, Chiew-Yen Wong, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng Syuen Lim; Rasidnie Razin Wong; Chiew-Yen Wong; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1123.
Background Hemibiotrophic pathogen such as the fungal pathogenGanoderma boninensethat is destructive to oil palm, manipulates host defense mechanism by strategically switching from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our previous study revealed two distinguishable expression profiles of oil palm genes that formed the basis in deducing biotrophic phase at early interaction which switched to necrotrophic phase at a later stage of infection. Results The present report is a continuing study from our previous published transcriptomic profiling of oil palm seedlings againstG. boninense. We focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the same RNA-seq data; resulting in 106 upregulated and 108 downregulated TFs being identified. The DEGs are involved in four established defense-related pathways responsible for cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling, programmed cell death (PCD) and plant innate immunity. We discovered upregulation ofJUNGBRUNNEN 1(EgJUB1) during the fungal biotrophic phase whileEthylene Responsive Factor 113(EgERF113) demonstrated prominent upregulation when the palm switches to defense against necrotrophic phase. EgJUB1 was shown to have a binding activity to a 19 bp palindromic SNBE1 element, WNNYBTNNNNNNNAMGNHW found in the promoter region of co-expressing EgHSFC-2b. Further in silico analysis of promoter regions revealed co-expression of EgJUB1 with TFs containing SNBE1 element with single nucleotide change at either the 5th or 18th position. Meanwhile, EgERF113 binds to both GCC and DRE/CRT elements promoting plasticity in upregulating the downstream defense-related genes. Both TFs were proven to be nuclear-localized based on subcellular localization experiment using onion epidermal cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated unprecedented transcriptional reprogramming of specific TFs potentially to enable regulation of a specific set of genes during different infection phases of this hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen. The results propose the intricacy of oil palm defense response in orchestrating EgJUB1 during biotrophic and EgERF113 during the subsequent transition to the necrotrophic phase. Binding of EgJUB1 to SNBE motif instead of NACBS while EgERF113 to GCC-box and DRE/CRT motifs is unconventional and not normally associated with pathogen infection. Identification of these phase-specific oil palm TFs is important in designing strategies to tackle or attenuate the progress of infection.
Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. BMC Plant Biology 2021, 21, 1 -20.
AMA StyleNurshafika Mohd Sakeh, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. BMC Plant Biology. 2021; 21 (1):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. 2021. "EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1: 1-20.
Polyalthia bullata is an endangered medicinal plant species. Hence, establishment of P. bullata callus culture is hoped to assist in mass production of secondary metabolites. Leaf and midrib were explants for callus induction. Both of them were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing different types and concentrations of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), picloram, and dicamba). The callus produced was further multiplied on MS and WPM supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, NAA, picloram, dicamba, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) media. The quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity was further carried out on P. bullata callus, and the results were subjected to correlation analysis. Among the media, the WPM + 16.56 µM picloram (53.33 ± 22.06%) was the best for callus induction while MS + 30 µM dicamba was the best for callus multiplication. The TPC, TFC, and EC50 of DPPH scavenging activity were determined at 0.657 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g FW, 0.491 ± 0.03 mg QE/g, and 85.59 ± 6.09 µg/mL in P. bullata callus, respectively. The positive correlation between DPPH scavenging activity with TPC was determined at r = 0.869, and that of TFC was at r = 0.904. Hence, the P. bullata callus has an ability to accumulate antioxidants. It therefore can be a medium for secondary metabolites production.
Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Illy Kamaliah Ramle; Nurfazlinyana Normanshah; Siti Nurhafizah Ramli; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Syahida Ahmad; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant. Plants 2020, 9, 1772 .
AMA StyleMunirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Illy Kamaliah Ramle, Nurfazlinyana Normanshah, Siti Nurhafizah Ramli, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Syahida Ahmad, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Illy Kamaliah Ramle; Nurfazlinyana Normanshah; Siti Nurhafizah Ramli; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Syahida Ahmad; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. 2020. "Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant." Plants 9, no. 12: 1772.
Study of the potential of Antarctic microorganisms for use in bioremediation is of increasing interest due to their adaptations to harsh environmental conditions and their metabolic potential in removing a wide variety of organic pollutants at low temperature. In this study, the psychrotolerant bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-07, originally isolated from soil from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic), was found to be capable of utilizing phenol as sole carbon and energy source. The bacterium achieved 92.91% degradation of 0.5 g/L phenol under conditions predicted by response surface methodology (RSM) within 84 h at 14.8 °C, pH 7.05, and 0.41 g/L ammonium sulphate. The assembled draft genome sequence (6.75 Mbp) of strain AQ5-07 was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The genome analysis identified a complete gene cluster containing catA, catB, catC, catR, pheR, pheA2, and pheA1. The genome harbours the complete enzyme systems required for phenol and catechol degradation while suggesting phenol degradation occurs via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Enzymatic assay using cell-free crude extract revealed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity while no catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected, supporting this suggestion. The genomic sequence data provide information on gene candidates responsible for phenol and catechol degradation by indigenous Antarctic bacteria and contribute to knowledge of microbial aromatic metabolism and genetic biodiversity in Antarctica.
Gillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 9363 .
AMA StyleGillian Li Yin Lee, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Peter Convey, Hiroyuki Futamata, Azham Zulkharnain, Kenshi Suzuki, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aisyah Alias, Gerardo González-Rocha, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (24):9363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2020. "Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9363.
Micropropagation is a reliable technique in biotechnology and genetic engineering domain, which has been widely applied for rapid mass propagation of plants in vitro condition. Through micropropagation techniques, reproduction of plants can be attained from different explants using organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Over the decades, micropropagation techniques have offered tremendous potential for forest tree improvement. Eucalyptus is a woody plant species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. In general, the micropropagation of Eucalyptus culture processes and the genotype, environment surroundings, and age of explants in culture media is frequently linked with the occurrence of micropropagation variation. In the current review paper, an update of the most important physiological and molecular phenomena aspects of Eucalyptus micropropagation was linked to the most profound information. To achieve the mentioned target, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrients, other adjuvant and environmental features, as well as genetic interaction with morpho- and physiological mechanisms was studied from the induction to plant acclimatisation. On the other hand, important mechanisms behind the organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus are discussed. The information of current review paper will help researchers in choosing the optimum condition based on the scenario behind the tissue culture technique of Eucalyptus. However, more studies are required to identify and overcome some of the crucial bottlenecks in this economically important forest species to establish efficient micropropagation protocol at the industrial level.
Rambod Abiri; Narges Atabaki; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Ruzana Sanusi; Nor Aini Ab Shukor; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Sonia Malik. The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp. Forests 2020, 11, 1211 .
AMA StyleRambod Abiri, Narges Atabaki, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Ruzana Sanusi, Nor Aini Ab Shukor, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Sonia Malik. The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp. Forests. 2020; 11 (11):1211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRambod Abiri; Narges Atabaki; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Ruzana Sanusi; Nor Aini Ab Shukor; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Sonia Malik. 2020. "The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp." Forests 11, no. 11: 1211.
Arsenic is considered to be a toxic and heavy metal that exists in drinking water and can lead to acute biotoxicity. Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea) has been widely identified as a feasible phytoremediator to clean up aquatic systems. In the current study, the phytoremediation potential of water mimosa exposed to different concentrations of sodium heptahydrate arsenate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O) was tested. A number of plant physiological and growth responses such as height of frond, existence of green leaves, relative growth rate, relative water content, tolerance index, decrease in ratio of biomass and ratio of dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentrations, stomatal conductance, air pressure deficit, transpiration rate, proline and lipid peroxidation, as well as arsenic accumulation and removal efficacy were analyzed. The micromorphological analysis results confirmed water mimosa’s tolerance of up to 30 ppm of arsenic treatment. The results obtained from the chlorophyll and gas exchange content also showed severe damage by arsenic at doses higher than 30 ppm. In addition, the highest arsenic accumulation and arsenic removal efficacy were observed at the range of 30–60 ppm. An analysis of proline and lipid peroxidation content confirmed water mimosa’s tolerance of up to 30 ppm of arsenic. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and analysis also confirmed the accumulation of arsenic as shown by the deformation of water mimosa tissues. The results showed that water mimosa is a reliable bioremediator for removing arsenic from aquatic systems.
Narges Atabaki; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad; Rosimah Nulit; Rambod Abiri. Assessment of Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) Morphological, Physiological, and Removal Efficiency for Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Polluted Water. Plants 2020, 9, 1500 .
AMA StyleNarges Atabaki, Noor Shaharuddin, Siti Ahmad, Rosimah Nulit, Rambod Abiri. Assessment of Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) Morphological, Physiological, and Removal Efficiency for Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Polluted Water. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNarges Atabaki; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad; Rosimah Nulit; Rambod Abiri. 2020. "Assessment of Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) Morphological, Physiological, and Removal Efficiency for Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Polluted Water." Plants 9, no. 11: 1500.
Although the fried products are delicious with a tenderizing effect on the crust due to the presence of fat, over-consumption of fried products causes health problems, especially coronary diseases. The tendency of proteins in film formation and thermal gelation to reduce the absorption of oil in fried products is emphasized. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction of oil in deep-fried squid by the incorporation of protein hydrolysate and to discuss its effect. Yellowstripe scad protein hydrolysate was produced using Alcalase® enzyme. Fat content was determined using the Soxhlet method, subsequently substituted into a formulation for oil uptake calculation. The viscosity of batter was determined using a rheometer. The viscosity of the batter and batter pick-up was found to be directly proportional, showing a significantly reduced pattern from 0 to 20%. Incorporating 10% of fish protein hydrolysate successfully decreased oil absorption by 17.35±0.73% with a good water retention rate of 38.46%. The addition of the Yellowstripe scad fish protein hydrolysate modified the size and shape of the pore. Sensory acceptance portrayed no significant difference among the three samples (0%, 5% and 10% of incorporation), indicating that panellists were able to accept samples incorporated with fish protein hydrolysate. The findings of this study showed that Yellowstripe scad protein hydrolysate can minimize the uptake of oil in fried seafood products and thus could increase the economic value of the Yellowstripe scad fish.
E.H. Hau; Amiza M.A.; Z. Mohd Zin; N.A. Shaharudin; M.K. Zainol. Effect of Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) protein hydrolysate in the reduction of oil uptake in deep-fried squid. Food Research 2020, 4, 1929 -1936.
AMA StyleE.H. Hau, Amiza M.A., Z. Mohd Zin, N.A. Shaharudin, M.K. Zainol. Effect of Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) protein hydrolysate in the reduction of oil uptake in deep-fried squid. Food Research. 2020; 4 (6):1929-1936.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.H. Hau; Amiza M.A.; Z. Mohd Zin; N.A. Shaharudin; M.K. Zainol. 2020. "Effect of Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) protein hydrolysate in the reduction of oil uptake in deep-fried squid." Food Research 4, no. 6: 1929-1936.
This study focused on the ability of the Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-14 to survive exposure to and to degrade high concentrations of phenol at 0.5 g l-1. After initial evaluation of phenol-degrading performance, the effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the rate of phenol degradation were examined. The optimum conditions for phenol degradation were pH 7 and 0.4 g l-1 NaCl at a temperature of 25°C (83.90%). An analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) and the Plackett-Burman design identified salinity, pH and temperature as three statistically significant factors influencing phenol degradation. The maximum bacterial growth was observed (optical density at 600 nm = 0.455), with medium conditions of pH 6.5, 22.5°C and 0.47 g l-1 NaCl in the central composite design of the RSM experiments enhancing phenol degradation to 99.10%. A central composite design was then used to examine the interactions among these three variables and to determine their optimal levels. There was excellent agreement (R2 = 0.9785) between experimental and predicted values, with less strong but still good agreement (R2 = 0.8376) between the predicted model values and those obtained experimentally under optimized conditions. Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-14 has excellent potential for the bioremediation of phenol.
Tengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Gillian Li Yin Lee; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimization of phenol degradation by Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp. Antarctic Science 2020, 32, 486 -495.
AMA StyleTengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki, Kavilasni Subramaniam, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Peter Convey, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Gillian Li Yin Lee, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimization of phenol degradation by Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp. Antarctic Science. 2020; 32 (6):486-495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Gillian Li Yin Lee; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2020. "Optimization of phenol degradation by Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp." Antarctic Science 32, no. 6: 486-495.
Though Antarctica has once been considered as the most pristine land on earth, however, recently many literatures concluded that it is not a zone free from anthropogenic pollutants, which have been mostly associated with long-range atmospheric transport and deposition in the area. Numerous organic pollutants including phenol have been classified as the priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) due to their high toxicity. The increased level of phenol concentration in the Antarctic environment poses a significant risk to the aquatic as well as terrestrial lives and public health due to its persistence, biomagnification and accumulation in the food chain. Therefore, bioremediation actions are significant to overcome this problem. Phenol degradation at cold climate needs the use of microorganisms that has the ability to thrive and function at low temperatures as well as withstand the toxicity of phenol. The utilisation of native microbes as phenol-degraders has proven the effectiveness of bioremediation even though phenol has anti-microbial properties. This paper discusses the sources and toxicity of phenol, existence and effect of phenol on the Antarctic environment, the potential method for eliminating phenol from the environment and suggestion for future prospect.
Kavilasni Subramaniam; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin. Mini review on phenol biodegradation in Antarctica using native microorganisms. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 2020, 77 -89.
AMA StyleKavilasni Subramaniam, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin. Mini review on phenol biodegradation in Antarctica using native microorganisms. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. 2020; ():77-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKavilasni Subramaniam; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin. 2020. "Mini review on phenol biodegradation in Antarctica using native microorganisms." Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , no. : 77-89.