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The versatility of a rare metal, molybdenum (Mo) in many industrial applications is one of the reasons why Mo is currently one of the growing environmental pollutants worldwide. Traces of inorganic contaminants, including Mo, have been discovered in Antarctica and are compromising the ecosystem. Bioremediation utilising bacteria to transform pollutants into a less toxic form is one of the approaches for solving Mo pollution. Mo reduction is a process of transforming sodium molybdate with an oxidation state of 6+ to Mo-blue, an inert version of the compound. Although there are a few Mo-reducing microbes that have been identified worldwide, only two studies were reported on the microbial reduction of Mo in Antarctica. Therefore, this study was done to assess the ability of Antarctic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. strain AQ5-05, in reducing Mo. Optimisation of Mo reduction in Mo-supplemented media was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. Through OFAT, Mo was reduced optimally with substrate concentration of sucrose, ammonium sulphate, and molybdate at 1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 10 mM, respectively. The pH and salinity of the media were the best at 7.0 and 0.5 g/L, respectively, while the optimal temperature was at 10 °C. Further optimisation using RSM showed greater Mo-blue production in comparison to OFAT. The strain was able to stand high concentration of Mo and low temperature conditions, thus showing its potential in reducing Mo in Antarctica by employing conditions optimised by RSM.
Syazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water 2021, 13, 2367 .
AMA StyleSyazani Darham, Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin, Kavilasni Subramaniam, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05." Water 13, no. 17: 2367.
Antarctica is a relatively pristine continent that attracts scientists and tourists alike. However, the risk of environmental pollution in Antarctica is increasing with the increase in the number of visitors. Recently, there has been a surge in interest regarding diesel, heavy metals and microplastics pollution. Contamination from these pollutants poses risks to the environment and the health of organisms inhabiting the continent. Penguins are one of the most prominent and widely distributed animals in Antarctica and are at major risk due to pollution. Even on a small scale, the impacts of pollution toward penguin populations are extensive. This review discusses the background of penguins in Antarctica, the anthropogenic pollution and cases, as well as the impacts of diesel, heavy metals and microplastics toxicities on penguins. The trends of the literature for the emerging risks of these pollutants are also reviewed through a bibliometric approach and network mapping analysis. A sum of 27 articles are analyzed on the effects of varying pollutants on penguins in Antarctica from 2000 to 2020 using the VOSviewer bibliometric software, Microsoft Excel and Tableau Public. Research articles collected from the Scopus database are evaluated for the most applicable research themes according to the bibliometric indicators (articles, geography distribution, annual production, integrated subject areas, key source journals and keyword or term interactions). Although bibliometric studies on the present research theme are not frequent, our results are sub-optimal due to the small number of search query matches from the Scopus database. As a result, our findings offer only a fragmentary comprehension of the topics in question. Nevertheless, this review provides valuable inputs regarding prospective research avenues for researchers to pursue in the future.
Nurul Aini Puasa; Azham Zulkharnain; Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Faradina Merican; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review. Animals 2021, 11, 2505 .
AMA StyleNurul Aini Puasa, Azham Zulkharnain, Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian, Chiew-Yen Wong, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri, Faradina Merican, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Aini Puasa; Azham Zulkharnain; Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Faradina Merican; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Effects of Diesel, Heavy Metals and Plastics Pollution on Penguins in Antarctica: A Review." Animals 11, no. 9: 2505.
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field due to the emergence of various resistant pathogens and the failure of commercial methods of treatment. AgNPs have emerged as one of the best nanotechnology metal nanoparticles due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and success and efficiency in combating various pathogens over the years, with the biological method of synthesis being the most effective and environmentally friendly method. The primary mode of action of AgNPs against pathogens are via their cytotoxicity, which is influenced by the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of the AgNPs gives rise to various theorized mechanisms of action of AgNPs against pathogens such as activation of reactive oxygen species, attachment to cellular membranes, intracellular damage and inducing the viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) of pathogens. This review will be centred on the various theorized mechanisms of actions and its application in the aquaculture, livestock and poultry industries. The application of AgNPs in aquaculture is focused around water treatment, disease control and aquatic nutrition, and in the livestock application it is focused on livestock and poultry.
Catrenar De Silva; Norazah Nawawi; Murni Abd Karim; Shafinaz Abd Gani; Mas Masarudin; Baskaran Gunasekaran; Siti Ahmad. The Mechanistic Action of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Aquaculture and Livestock Industries. Animals 2021, 11, 2097 .
AMA StyleCatrenar De Silva, Norazah Nawawi, Murni Abd Karim, Shafinaz Abd Gani, Mas Masarudin, Baskaran Gunasekaran, Siti Ahmad. The Mechanistic Action of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Aquaculture and Livestock Industries. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatrenar De Silva; Norazah Nawawi; Murni Abd Karim; Shafinaz Abd Gani; Mas Masarudin; Baskaran Gunasekaran; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "The Mechanistic Action of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Aquaculture and Livestock Industries." Animals 11, no. 7: 2097.
Despite the continuous enforcement of Antarctic Treaty System, ATS (1961), today Antarctica is constantly plagued by hydrocarbon pollution from both legacy and present-day wastes, especially near where anthropogenic activities are the most intense. The advances of science have led to multiple breakthroughs to bolster bioremediation techniques and revamp existing laws that prevent or limit the extent of hydrocarbon pollution in Antarctica. This review serves as the extension of collective efforts by the Antarctic communities through visual representation that summarizes decades of findings (circa 2000–2020) from various fields, pertinent to the application of microbe-mediated hydrocarbons remediation. A scientometric analysis was carried out based on indexed, scientific repositories (ScienceDirect and Scopus), encompassing various parameters, including but not limited to keywords co-occurrences, contributing countries, trends and current breakthroughs in polar researches. The emergence of keywords such as bioremediation, biosurfactants, petroleum hydrocarbons, biodiesel, metagenomics and Antarctic treaty policy portrays the dynamic shifts in Antarctic affairs during the last decades, which initially focused on exploration and resources exploitation before switching to scientific research and the more recent ecotourism. This review also presents the hydrocarbonoclastic microbes studied in the past, known and proposed metabolic pathways and genes related to hydrocarbon biodegradation as well as bacterial adaptations to low-temperature condition.
Ahmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7064 .
AMA StyleAhmad Roslee, Siti Ahmad, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Noor Shaharuddin, Khalilah Khalil, Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7064.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. 2021. "Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7064.
The extensive industrial use of the heavy metal molybdenum (Mo) has led to an emerging global pollution with its traces that can even be found in Antarctica. In response, a reduction process that transforms hexamolybdate (Mo6+) to a less toxic compound, Mo-blue, using microorganisms provides a sustainable remediation approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the reduction of Mo by a psychrotolerant Antarctic marine bacterium, Marinomonas sp. strain AQ5-A9. Mo reduction was optimised using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Subsequently, Mo reduction kinetics were further studied. OFAT results showed that maximum Mo reduction occurred in culture media conditions of pH 6.0 and 50 ppt salinity at 15 °C, with initial sucrose, nitrogen and molybdate concentrations of 2.0%, 3.0 g/L and 10 mM, respectively. Further optimization using RSM identified improved optimum conditions of pH 6.0 and 47 ppt salinity at 16 °C, with initial sucrose, nitrogen and molybdate concentrations of 1.8%, 2.25 g/L and 16 mM, respectively. Investigation of the kinetics of Mo reduction revealed Aiba as the best-fitting model. The calculated Aiba coefficient of maximum Mo reduction rate (µmax) was 0.067 h−1. The data obtained support the potential use of marine bacteria in the bioremediation of Mo.
Syazani Darham; Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Khalilah Khalil; Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 648 .
AMA StyleSyazani Darham, Khadijah Zahri, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Peter Convey, Khalilah Khalil, Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (6):648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyazani Darham; Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Khalilah Khalil; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6: 648.
Hydrocarbon pollution is widespread around the globe and, even in the remoteness of Antarctica, the impacts of hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources are still apparent. Antarctica’s chronically cold temperatures and other extreme environmental conditions reduce the rates of biological processes, including the biodegradation of pollutants. However, the native Antarctic microbial diversity provides a reservoir of cold-adapted microorganisms, some of which have the potential for biodegradation. This study evaluated the diesel hydrocarbon-degrading ability of a psychrotolerant marine bacterial consortium obtained from the coast of the north-west Antarctic Peninsula. The consortium’s growth conditions were optimised using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and statistical response surface methodology (RSM), which identified optimal growth conditions of pH 8.0, 10 °C, 25 ppt NaCl and 1.5 g/L NH4NO3. The predicted model was highly significant and confirmed that the parameters’ salinity, temperature, nitrogen concentration and initial diesel concentration significantly influenced diesel biodegradation. Using the optimised values generated by RSM, a mass reduction of 12.23 mg/mL from the initial 30.518 mg/mL (4% (w/v)) concentration of diesel was achieved within a 6 d incubation period. This study provides further evidence for the presence of native hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in non-contaminated Antarctic seawater.
Nur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1213 .
AMA StyleNur Zakaria, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Ahmad Roslee, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Shaharuddin, Leyla Cárdenas, Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (6):1213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater." Microorganisms 9, no. 6: 1213.
Pollution associated with petrogenic hydrocarbons is increasing in Antarctica due to a combination of increasing human activity and the continent’s unforgiving environmental conditions. The current study focuses on the ability of a cold-adapted crude microbial consortium (BS24), isolated from soil on the north-west Antarctic Peninsula, to metabolise diesel fuel as the sole carbon source in a shake-flask setting. Factors expected to influence the efficiency of diesel biodegradation, namely temperature, initial diesel concentration, nitrogen source type and concentration, salinity and pH were studied. Consortium BS24 displayed optimal cell growth and diesel degradation activity at 1.0% NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.5 g/L NH4Cl and 2.0% v/v initial diesel concentration during one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analyses. The consortium was psychrotolerant based on the optimum growth temperature of 10‒15 °C. In conventionally optimised media, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) mineralisation was 85% over a 7-day incubation. Further optimisation of conditions predicted through statistical response-surface methodology (RSM) (1.0% NaCl, pH 7.25, 0.75 g/L NH4Cl, 12.5 °C and 1.75% v/v initial diesel concentration) boosted mineralisation to 95% over a 7-day incubation. A Tessier secondary model best described the growth pattern of BS24 in diesel-enriched medium, with maximum specific growth rate, μmax, substrate inhibition constant, Ki and half saturation constant, Ks, being 0.9996 h−1, 1.356% v/v and 1.238% v/v, respectively. The data obtained suggest the potential of microbial consortia such as BS24 in bioremediation applications in low-temperature diesel-polluted soils.
Ahmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology 2021, 10, 493 .
AMA StyleAhmad Roslee, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Nur Zakaria, Nor Shaharuddin, Azham Zulkharnain, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology. 2021; 10 (6):493.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica." Biology 10, no. 6: 493.
Hydrocarbons can cause pollution to Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, both through accidental release and the discharge of waste cooking oil in grey water. Such pollutants can persist for long periods in cold environments. The native microbial community may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, using mixed native Antarctic bacterial communities, several environmental factors influencing biodegradation of waste canola oil (WCO) and pure canola oil (PCO) were optimised using established one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The factors include salinity, pH, type of nitrogen and concentration, temperature, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration in OFAT and only the significant factors proceeded for the statistical optimisation through RSM. High concentration of substrate targeted for degradation activity through RSM compared to OFAT method. As for the result, all factors were significant in PBD, while only 4 factors were significant in biodegradation of PCO (pH, nitrogen concentration, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration). Using OFAT, the most effective microbial community examined was able to degrade 94.42% and 86.83% (from an initial concentration of 0.5% (v/v)) of WCO and PCO, respectively, within 7 days. Using RSM, 94.99% and 79.77% degradation of WCO and PCO was achieved in 6 days. The significant interaction for the RSM in biodegradation activity between temperature and WCO concentration in WCO media were exhibited. Meanwhile, in biodegradation of PCO the significant factors were between (1) pH and PCO concentration, (2) nitrogen concentration and yeast extract, (3) nitrogen concentration and PCO concentration. The models for the RSM were validated for both WCO and PCO media and it showed no significant difference between experimental and predicted values. The efficiency of canola oil biodegradation achieved in this study provides support for the development of practical strategies for efficient bioremediation in the Antarctic environment.
Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Suriana Sabri; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Life 2021, 11, 456 .
AMA StyleKhadijah Zahri, Azham Zulkharnain, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Suriana Sabri, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Siti Ahmad. The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Life. 2021; 11 (5):456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Suriana Sabri; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria." Life 11, no. 5: 456.
Pepsin enzyme was used to pretreat the bovine skin at the rate of 5, 15, and 25 units of enzyme/g of skin to recover gelatin, and the recovered gelatins were referred to as Pe5, Pe15, and Pe25, respectively. The gelatin yield increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 18.17% for Pe5 to 24.67% for Pe25 as the level of pepsin increased, but the corresponding gel strength and viscosity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 215.49 to 56.06 g and 9.17 to 8.17 mPa·s for Pe5 and Pe25, respectively. β- and α1- and α2-chains were degraded entirely in all the gelatins samples as observed in protein pattern elaborated by gel electrophoresis. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis indicated the coiled structure of gelatin protein chains. The lowest amide III amplitude of Pe25 as found by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that α-helix structure of protein chains were lost to more irregular coiled structure. Thus, it could be summarized that pepsin might be used at the lower level (5 units/g of wet skin) to extract gelatin from bovine skin with good functional properties and at higher level (15/25 units/g of wet skin) to obtain gelatin of industrial grade with high yield.
Tanbir Ahmad; Amin Ismail; Siti Ahmad; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Elmutaz Awad; Muhammad Akhtar; Awis Sazili. Recovery of Gelatin from Bovine Skin with the Aid of Pepsin and Its Effects on the Characteristics of the Extracted Gelatin. Polymers 2021, 13, 1554 .
AMA StyleTanbir Ahmad, Amin Ismail, Siti Ahmad, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Elmutaz Awad, Muhammad Akhtar, Awis Sazili. Recovery of Gelatin from Bovine Skin with the Aid of Pepsin and Its Effects on the Characteristics of the Extracted Gelatin. Polymers. 2021; 13 (10):1554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanbir Ahmad; Amin Ismail; Siti Ahmad; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Elmutaz Awad; Muhammad Akhtar; Awis Sazili. 2021. "Recovery of Gelatin from Bovine Skin with the Aid of Pepsin and Its Effects on the Characteristics of the Extracted Gelatin." Polymers 13, no. 10: 1554.
Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human’s lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1–100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist’s core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.
Hanadi Sawalha; Rambod Abiri; Ruzana Sanusi; Noor Shaharuddin; Aida Noor; Nor Ab Shukor; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Siti Ahmad. Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants. Plants 2021, 10, 929 .
AMA StyleHanadi Sawalha, Rambod Abiri, Ruzana Sanusi, Noor Shaharuddin, Aida Noor, Nor Ab Shukor, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Siti Ahmad. Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants. Plants. 2021; 10 (5):929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanadi Sawalha; Rambod Abiri; Ruzana Sanusi; Noor Shaharuddin; Aida Noor; Nor Ab Shukor; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants." Plants 10, no. 5: 929.
The increased usage of petroleum oils in cold regions has led to widespread oil pollutants in soils. The harsh environmental conditions in cold environments allow the persistence of these oil pollutants in soils for more than 20 years, raising adverse threats to the ecosystem. Microbial bioremediation was proposed and employed as a cost-effective tool to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons present in soils without significantly posing harmful side effects. However, the conventional hydrocarbon bioremediation requires a longer time to achieve the clean-up standard due to various environmental factors in cold regions. Recent biotechnological improvements using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation strategies are reported and implemented to enhance the hydrocarbon removal efficiency under cold conditions. Thus, this review focuses on the enhanced bioremediation for hydrocarbon-polluted soils in cold regions, highlighting in situ and ex situ approaches and few potential enhancements via the exploitation of molecular and microbial technology in response to the cold condition. The bibliometric analysis of the hydrocarbon bioremediation research in cold regions is also presented.
How Yap; Nur Zakaria; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation. Biology 2021, 10, 354 .
AMA StyleHow Yap, Nur Zakaria, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation. Biology. 2021; 10 (5):354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHow Yap; Nur Zakaria; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation." Biology 10, no. 5: 354.
Bacteria under the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OGBa) are all Gram-positive, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped. Taxonomically, the OGBa belongs to the Bacillus subtilis species complex, family Bacillaceae, class Bacilli, and phylum Firmicutes. To date, the OGBa comprises four bacterial species: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus nakamurai. They are widely distributed in various niches including soil, plants, food, and water. A resurgence in genome mining has caused an increased focus on the biotechnological applications of bacterial species belonging to the OGBa. The members of OGBa are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) due to their abilities to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophore and phytohormones, as well as antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, they are also reported to produce various enzymes including α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, aminotransferase, barnase, peroxidase, and laccase. Antimicrobial compounds that able to inhibit the growth of pathogens including non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides are also produced by these bacteria. Within the OGBa, various B. velezensis strains are promising for use as probiotics for animals and fishes. Genome mining has revealed the potential applications of members of OGBa for removing organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides. Thus, this review focused on the applicability of members of OGBa as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, probiotics, bioremediation agents, as well as producers of commercial enzymes and antibiotics. Here, the bioformulations and commercial products available based on these bacteria are also highlighted. This review will better facilitate understandings of members of OGBa and their biotechnological applications.
Mohamad Ngalimat; Radin Yahaya; Mohamad Baharudin; Syafiqah Yaminudin; Murni Karim; Siti Ahmad; Suriana Sabri. A Review on the Biotechnological Applications of the Operational Group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 614 .
AMA StyleMohamad Ngalimat, Radin Yahaya, Mohamad Baharudin, Syafiqah Yaminudin, Murni Karim, Siti Ahmad, Suriana Sabri. A Review on the Biotechnological Applications of the Operational Group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (3):614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Ngalimat; Radin Yahaya; Mohamad Baharudin; Syafiqah Yaminudin; Murni Karim; Siti Ahmad; Suriana Sabri. 2021. "A Review on the Biotechnological Applications of the Operational Group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens." Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 614.
In the present age, environmental pollution is multiplying due to various anthropogenic activities. Pollution from waste cooking oil is one of the main issues facing the current human population. Scientists and researchers are seriously concerned about the oils released from various activities, including the blockage of the urban drainage system and odor issues. In addition, cooking oil is known to be harmful and may have a carcinogenic effect. It was found that current research studies and publications are growing on these topics due to environmental problems. A bibliometric analysis of studies published from 2001 to 2021 on cooking oil degradation was carried out using the Scopus database. Primarily, this analysis identified the reliability of the topic for the present-day and explored the past and present progresses of publications on various aspects, including the contributing countries, journals and keywords co-occurrence. The links and interactions between the selected subjects (journals and keywords) were further visualised using the VOSviewer software. The analysis showed that the productivity of the publications is still developing, with the most contributing country being the United States, followed by China and India with 635, 359 and 320 publications, respectively. From a total of 1915 publications, 85 publications were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Meanwhile, the second and third of the most influential journals were Bioresource Technology and Industrial Crops and Products with 76 and 70 total publications, respectively. Most importantly, the co-occurrence of the author’s keywords revealed “biodegradation”, “bioremediation”, “vegetable oil” and “Antarctic” as the popular topics in this study area, especially from 2011 to 2015. In conclusion, this bibliometric analysis on the degradation of cooking oil may serve as guide for future avenues of research in this area of research.
Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. Research Trends of Biodegradation of Cooking Oil in Antarctica from 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Scopus Database. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2050 .
AMA StyleKhadijah Zahri, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Ahmad. Research Trends of Biodegradation of Cooking Oil in Antarctica from 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Scopus Database. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):2050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Research Trends of Biodegradation of Cooking Oil in Antarctica from 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Scopus Database." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 2050.
Bioremediation of hydrocarbons has received much attention in recent decades, particularly relating to fuel and other oils. While of great relevance globally, there has recently been increasing interest in hydrocarbon bioremediation in the marine environments of Antarctica. To provide an objective assessment of the research interest in this field we used VOSviewer software to analyze publication data obtained from the ScienceDirect database covering the period 1970 to the present, but with a primary focus on the years 2000–2020. A bibliometric analysis of the database allowed identification of the co-occurrence of keywords. There was an increasing trend over time for publications relating to oil bioremediation in maritime Antarctica, including both studies on marine bioremediation and of the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation. Studies of marine anaerobic degradation remain under-represented compared to those of aerobic degradation. Emerging keywords in recent years included bioprospecting, metagenomic, bioindicator, and giving insight into changing research foci, such as increasing attention to microbial diversity. The study of microbial genomes using metagenomic approaches or whole genome studies is increasing rapidly and is likely to drive emerging fields in future, including rapid expansion of bioprospecting in diverse fields of biotechnology.
Nur Zakaria; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad. Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 419 .
AMA StyleNur Zakaria, Peter Convey, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Shaharuddin, Siti Ahmad. Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (2):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Zakaria; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis." Microorganisms 9, no. 2: 419.
The globe is presently reliant on natural resources, fossil fuels, and crude oil to support the world’s energy requirements. Human exploration for oil resources is always associated with irreversible effects. Primary sources of hydrocarbon pollution are instigated through oil exploration, extraction, and transportation in the Arctic region. To address the state of pollution, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and processes of the bioremediation of hydrocarbons. The application of various microbial communities originated from the Arctic can provide a better interpretation on the mechanisms of specific microbes in the biodegradation process. The composition of oil and consequences of hydrocarbon pollutants to the various marine environments are also discussed in this paper. An overview of emerging trends on literature or research publications published in the last decade was compiled via bibliometric analysis in relation to the topic of interest, which is the microbial community present in the Arctic and Antarctic marine environments. This review also presents the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community present in the Arctic, biodegradation metabolic pathways (enzymatic level), and capacity of microbial degradation from the perspective of metagenomics. The limitations are stated and recommendations are proposed for future research prospects on biodegradation of oil contaminants by microbial community at the low temperature regions of the Arctic.
Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1671 .
AMA StyleGayathiri Verasoundarapandian, Chiew-Yen Wong, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGayathiri Verasoundarapandian; Chiew-Yen Wong; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1671.
Diesel acts as a main energy source to complement human activities in Antarctica. However, the increased expedition in Antarctica has threatened the environment as well as its living organisms. While more efforts on the use of renewable energy are being done, most activities in Antarctica still depend heavily on the use of diesel. Diesel contaminants in their natural state are known to be persistent, complex and toxic. The low temperature in Antarctica worsens these issues, making pollutants more significantly toxic to their environment and indigenous organisms. A bibliometric analysis had demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of studies on the microbial hydrocarbon remediation in Antarctica over the year. It was also found that these studies were dominated by those that used bacteria as remediating agents, whereas very little focus was given on fungi and microalgae. This review presents a summary of the collective and past understanding to the current findings of Antarctic microbial enzymatic degradation of hydrocarbons as well as its genotypic adaptation to the extreme low temperature.
Rasidnie Wong; Zheng Lim; Noor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1512 .
AMA StyleRasidnie Wong, Zheng Lim, Noor Shaharuddin, Azham Zulkharnain, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Ahmad. Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasidnie Wong; Zheng Lim; Noor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1512.
Oil pollution can cause tremendous harm and risk to the water ecosystem and organisms due to the relatively recalcitrant hydrocarbon compounds. The current chemical method used to treat the ecosystem polluted with diesel is incompetent and expensive for a large-scale treatment. Thus, bioremediation technique seems urgent and requires more attention to solve the existing environmental problems. Biological agents, including microorganisms, carry out the biodegradation process where organic pollutants are mineralized into water, carbon dioxide, and less toxic compounds. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in the nature and often exploited for their specialty to bioremediate the oil-polluted area. The capability of these bacteria to utilize hydrocarbon compounds as a carbon source is the main reason behind their species exploitation. Recently, microbial remediation by halophilic bacteria has received many positive feedbacks as an efficient pollutant degrader. These halophilic bacteria are also considered as suitable candidates for bioremediation in hypersaline environments. However, only a few microbial species have been isolated with limited available information on the biodegradation of organic pollutants by halophilic bacteria. The fundamental aspect for successful bioremediation includes selecting appropriate microbes with a high capability of pollutant degradation. Therefore, high salinity bacteria are remarkable microbes for diesel degradation. This paper provides an updated overview of diesel hydrocarbon degradation, the effects of oil spills on the environment and living organisms, and the potential role of high salinity bacteria to decontaminate the organic pollutants in the water environment.
Farah Khalid; Zheng Lim; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Ahmad. Bioremediation of Diesel Contaminated Marine Water by Bacteria: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 155 .
AMA StyleFarah Khalid, Zheng Lim, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, Siti Ahmad. Bioremediation of Diesel Contaminated Marine Water by Bacteria: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (2):155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarah Khalid; Zheng Lim; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Azham Zulkharnain; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Bioremediation of Diesel Contaminated Marine Water by Bacteria: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2: 155.
Diesel is a fuel commonly used in Antarctica to supply vessels and domestic applications on site. The increasing human activities in the continent consequently have generated high fuel demand, which in turn has increased the occurrence of oil pollution due to accidental events during refueling. A related study received growing interest as more detrimental effects have been reported on Antarctic ecosystems. By adopting the bibliometric analysis, the research on diesel pollution in Antarctica collected in the Scopus database was systematically analysed. An increment in annual publication growth from 1980 to 2019 was observed and two research clusters were illustrated with “hydrocarbons” as the core keyword. Several attempts have been conducted over the past decades to remove anthropogenic hydrocarbon from previous abandoned whaling sites as well as recent oil spill incidents. However, the remote and polar conditions of Antarctica constrained the installation and operation of clean-up infrastructure. This review also briefly encompasses the approaches from past to present on the management of fuel pollution in Antarctica and highlights the potential of phytoremediation as a new bioremediation prospect.
Zheng Syuen Lim; Rasidnie Razin Wong; Chiew-Yen Wong; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1123 .
AMA StyleZheng Syuen Lim, Rasidnie Razin Wong, Chiew-Yen Wong, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng Syuen Lim; Rasidnie Razin Wong; Chiew-Yen Wong; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Diesel Pollution in Antarctica and A Review on Remediation Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1123.
Study of the potential of Antarctic microorganisms for use in bioremediation is of increasing interest due to their adaptations to harsh environmental conditions and their metabolic potential in removing a wide variety of organic pollutants at low temperature. In this study, the psychrotolerant bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-07, originally isolated from soil from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic), was found to be capable of utilizing phenol as sole carbon and energy source. The bacterium achieved 92.91% degradation of 0.5 g/L phenol under conditions predicted by response surface methodology (RSM) within 84 h at 14.8 °C, pH 7.05, and 0.41 g/L ammonium sulphate. The assembled draft genome sequence (6.75 Mbp) of strain AQ5-07 was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The genome analysis identified a complete gene cluster containing catA, catB, catC, catR, pheR, pheA2, and pheA1. The genome harbours the complete enzyme systems required for phenol and catechol degradation while suggesting phenol degradation occurs via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Enzymatic assay using cell-free crude extract revealed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity while no catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected, supporting this suggestion. The genomic sequence data provide information on gene candidates responsible for phenol and catechol degradation by indigenous Antarctic bacteria and contribute to knowledge of microbial aromatic metabolism and genetic biodiversity in Antarctica.
Gillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 9363 .
AMA StyleGillian Li Yin Lee, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Peter Convey, Hiroyuki Futamata, Azham Zulkharnain, Kenshi Suzuki, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aisyah Alias, Gerardo González-Rocha, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (24):9363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2020. "Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9363.
Micropropagation is a reliable technique in biotechnology and genetic engineering domain, which has been widely applied for rapid mass propagation of plants in vitro condition. Through micropropagation techniques, reproduction of plants can be attained from different explants using organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Over the decades, micropropagation techniques have offered tremendous potential for forest tree improvement. Eucalyptus is a woody plant species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. In general, the micropropagation of Eucalyptus culture processes and the genotype, environment surroundings, and age of explants in culture media is frequently linked with the occurrence of micropropagation variation. In the current review paper, an update of the most important physiological and molecular phenomena aspects of Eucalyptus micropropagation was linked to the most profound information. To achieve the mentioned target, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrients, other adjuvant and environmental features, as well as genetic interaction with morpho- and physiological mechanisms was studied from the induction to plant acclimatisation. On the other hand, important mechanisms behind the organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus are discussed. The information of current review paper will help researchers in choosing the optimum condition based on the scenario behind the tissue culture technique of Eucalyptus. However, more studies are required to identify and overcome some of the crucial bottlenecks in this economically important forest species to establish efficient micropropagation protocol at the industrial level.
Rambod Abiri; Narges Atabaki; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Ruzana Sanusi; Nor Aini Ab Shukor; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Sonia Malik. The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp. Forests 2020, 11, 1211 .
AMA StyleRambod Abiri, Narges Atabaki, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Ruzana Sanusi, Nor Aini Ab Shukor, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Sonia Malik. The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp. Forests. 2020; 11 (11):1211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRambod Abiri; Narges Atabaki; Hazandy Abdul-Hamid; Ruzana Sanusi; Nor Aini Ab Shukor; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aqlima Ahmad; Sonia Malik. 2020. "The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp." Forests 11, no. 11: 1211.