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Dr. Yuding Fan
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

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Chapter
Published: 10 July 2021 in Aquareovirus
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Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) aquaculture accounts for a large share of the freshwater fishery industry in China. However, frequent outbreaks of grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection poses a great threat and causes a tremendous loss to grass carp aquaculture farming almost every year. Epidemiological studies have shown that the GCRV can infect many kinds of fish, and different genotypes of the GCRV have been isolated from diseased grass carps with typical hemorrhagic symptoms. According to the genome sequence analyses, a mass of the GCRV isolates in China is mainly divided into three genotypic groups, namely GCRV I (representative strain GCRV-873; Aquareovirus C), GCRV II (representative strain GCRV-HZ08), and GCRV III (representative strain HGDRV, formerly named as GCRV-104). GCHD outbreak appears to be seasonal, occurring mainly in the summers at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 30 °C. However, no obvious characteristic pattern pertaining to the GCRV genotypic diversity in the geographical distribution has been found. In addition, various GCRV isolates have different virulence factors towards their host and permissive cell lines. Recent epidemiological data analysis has indicated that the GCRV species grouped in GCRV II are prevalent in China, and the phenomenon of combined infection of different genotypes exists in the general population of grass carp. Therefore, timely and accurate epidemiological investigation of GCHD is necessary for better prevention and control of the GCHD outbreak.

ACS Style

Ke Zhang; Jie Ma; Yuding Fan. Epidemiology of the Grass Carp Reovirus. Aquareovirus 2021, 133 -148.

AMA Style

Ke Zhang, Jie Ma, Yuding Fan. Epidemiology of the Grass Carp Reovirus. Aquareovirus. 2021; ():133-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Zhang; Jie Ma; Yuding Fan. 2021. "Epidemiology of the Grass Carp Reovirus." Aquareovirus , no. : 133-148.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Animals
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Crayfish were randomly assigned to six different boxes and two different groups in triplicate. The control group received a basal diet and the treatment group received a diet containing S. cerevisiae at 107 CFU/g. After feeding for 28 days, crayfish of the treatment group exhibited a significantly better weight gain ratio (WGR) and a specific growth rate (SGR) (p< 0.05) than crayfish of the control group. Compared to the treatment group, the control group intestines showed an oedema connective tissue layer and a weak muscle layer. For immune-related genes, Crustin2 expression was similar between the groups, whereas Lysozyme and prophenoloxidase from treatment group expression levels were upregulated significantly (p< 0.05) after 14 and 28 days of feeding. Prophenoloxidase showed the highest expression, with 10.5- and 8.2-fold higher expression than in the control group at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The intestinal microbiota community structure was markedly different between the two groups. After 14 and 28 days of feeding, the relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Lactobacillus increased, whereas Citrobacter and Bacteroides decreased in the treatment group compared with that of the control group. The challenge test showed that crayfish of the treatment group had a significantly enhanced resistance against Citrobacter freundii (p< 0.05). Our results suggest that a S. cerevisiae-containing diet positively influenced the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crayfish.

ACS Style

Yan Xu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Tao Yang; Xiaowen Luo; Yuding Fan; Yan Meng; Wenzhi Liu; Ge Lin; Bo Li; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou. Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Animals 2021, 11, 1963 .

AMA Style

Yan Xu, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Tao Yang, Xiaowen Luo, Yuding Fan, Yan Meng, Wenzhi Liu, Ge Lin, Bo Li, Lingbing Zeng, Yong Zhou. Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Xu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Tao Yang; Xiaowen Luo; Yuding Fan; Yan Meng; Wenzhi Liu; Ge Lin; Bo Li; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou. 2021. "Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia)." Animals 11, no. 7: 1963.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Viruses
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A new grass carp reovirus (GCRV), healthy grass carp reovirus (HGCRV), was isolated from grass carp in 2019. Its complete genome sequence was determined and contained 11 dsRNAs with a total size of 23,688 bp and 57.2 mol% G+C content, encoding 12 proteins. All segments had conserved 5' and 3' termini. Sequence comparisons showed that HGCRV was closely related to GCRV-873 (GCRV-I; 69.57–96.71% protein sequence identity) but shared only 22.65–45.85% and 23.37–43.39% identities with GCRV-HZ08 and Hubei grass carp disease reovirus (HGDRV), respectively. RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) protein-based phylogenetic analysis showed that HGCRV clustered with Aquareovirus-C (AqRV-C) prior to joining a branch common with other aquareoviruses. Further analysis using VP6 amino acid sequences from Chinese GCRV strains showed that HGCRV was in the same evolutionary cluster as GCRV-I. Thus, HGCRV could be a new GCRV isolate of GCRV-I but is distantly related to other known GCRVs. Grass carp infected with HGCRV did not exhibit signs of hemorrhage. Interestingly, the isolate induced a typical cytopathic effect in fish cell lines, such as infected cell shrank, apoptosis, and plague-like syncytia. Further analysis showed that HGCRV could proliferate in grass carp liver (L28824), gibel carp brain (GiCB), and other fish cell lines, reaching a titer of up to 7.5 × 104 copies/μL.

ACS Style

Ke Zhang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Yong Zhou; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram Vakharia; Yuding Fan. Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021, 13, 690 .

AMA Style

Ke Zhang, Wenzhi Liu, Yiqun Li, Yong Zhou, Yan Meng, Lingbing Zeng, Vikram Vakharia, Yuding Fan. Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Zhang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Yong Zhou; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram Vakharia; Yuding Fan. 2021. "Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo." Viruses 13, no. 4: 690.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Vaccines
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The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

ACS Style

Changyong Mu; Qiwang Zhong; Yan Meng; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yuding Fan. Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection. Vaccines 2021, 9, 41 .

AMA Style

Changyong Mu, Qiwang Zhong, Yan Meng, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Lingbing Zeng, Vikram N. Vakharia, Yuding Fan. Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (1):41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changyong Mu; Qiwang Zhong; Yan Meng; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yuding Fan. 2021. "Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection." Vaccines 9, no. 1: 41.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Pathogens
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The grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has resulted in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry in China. VP4 and VP35 are outer capsid proteins of GCRV and can induce an immune response in the host. Here, three recombinant baculoviruses, AcMNPV-VP35, AcMNPV-VP4, and AcMNPV-VP35-VP4, were generated to express recombinant VP4 and VP35 proteins from GCRV type II in insect cells by using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system to create a novel subunit vaccine. The expression of recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 proteins in Sf-9 cells were confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 were purified from baculovirus-infected cell lysates and injected intraperitoneally (3 μg/fish) into the model rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus. After 21 days, the immunized fish were challenged with virulent GCRV. Liver, spleen, and kidney samples were collected at different time intervals to evaluate the protective efficacy of the subunit vaccines. The mRNA expression levels of some immune-related genes detected by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, and kidney, with higher expression levels in the VP35-VP4 group. The nonvaccinated fish group showed 100% mortality, whereas the VP35-VP4, VP4, and VP35 groups exhibited 67%, 60%, and 33% survival, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed that recombinant VP35 and VP4 can induce immunity and protect against GCRV infection, with their combined use providing the best effect. Therefore, VP35 and VP4 proteins can be used as a novel subunit vaccine against GCRV infection.

ACS Style

Changyong Mu; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yan Meng; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng; Qiwang Zhong; Yuding Fan. A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Pathogens 2020, 9, 945 .

AMA Style

Changyong Mu, Vikram N. Vakharia, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Yan Meng, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Jieming Zhang, Lingbing Zeng, Qiwang Zhong, Yuding Fan. A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Pathogens. 2020; 9 (11):945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changyong Mu; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yan Meng; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng; Qiwang Zhong; Yuding Fan. 2020. "A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)." Pathogens 9, no. 11: 945.

Original article
Published: 12 August 2020 in Aquaculture Research
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The cytoplasmic helicases retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) and melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5) are two pattern recognition receptor genes belonging to RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR). They play a crucial role in host sensing of pathogen invasion. Herein, we identified and characterized complete cDNA of RIG‐I and MDA5 in Chinese giant salamander (adRIG‐I and adMDA5). To evaluate their expression levels, real‐time fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR (qPCR) was performed between normal and Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV)‐infected tissues. The full‐length adMDA5 cDNA of 3,509 bp encoded a 968‐acid amino polypeptide, and the 3567‐bp adRIG‐I cDNA encoded a 951‐acid amino protein. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed adRIG‐I and adMDA5 kept the conserved domains of RLR, and the two genes both shared relatively high similarity homologs with other species. Two genes were expressed in most tissues of Andrias davidianus, with the highest expression in spleen. After GSIV infection, both adRIG‐I and adMDA5 transcripts were initially increased then decreased in kidney and spleen. These results suggest that adRIG‐I and adMDA5 can response to GSIV infection and may play a role in antiviral infections in DNA virus.

ACS Style

Yan Meng; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Mingyang Xue; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Lingbing Zeng. Identification and comparative expression analysis of RIG‐I and MDA5 in Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus. Aquaculture Research 2020, 51, 4575 -4582.

AMA Style

Yan Meng, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Mingyang Xue, Wenzhi Liu, Yiqun Li, Lingbing Zeng. Identification and comparative expression analysis of RIG‐I and MDA5 in Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus. Aquaculture Research. 2020; 51 (11):4575-4582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Meng; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Mingyang Xue; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Lingbing Zeng. 2020. "Identification and comparative expression analysis of RIG‐I and MDA5 in Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus." Aquaculture Research 51, no. 11: 4575-4582.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Mx, Myxovirus resistance is an important interferon-stimulated protein that mediates antiviral responses. In this study, the expression and activities of Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus Mx gene, AdMx, were investigated. The AdMx cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 2112 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 703 aa. Meanwhile, AdMx possesses the conserved tripartite GTP binding motif and a dynamin family signature. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression of AdMx in vivo, with the highest expression levels in brain, kidney and spleen. The AdMx expression level in kidney, spleen and muscle significantly increased at 6 h after Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) infection and peaked at 48 h, while that in muscle cell line (GSM) was not noticeably up-regulated until 72 h post infection. Additionally, a plasmid expressing AdMx was constructed and transfected into the Chinese giant salamander GSM cells. The virus load and gene copies in AdMx over-expressed cells were significantly reduced compared with those in the control cells. Moreover, compared to the control cells, a lower level of virus major capsid protein (MCP) synthesis in AdMx over-expressed cells was confirmed by Western blot. These results collectively suggest that Mx plays an important antiviral role in the immune responses against GSIV in Chinese giant salamander.

ACS Style

Yanan Liu; Yiqun Li; Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Lingbing Zeng. Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 2246 .

AMA Style

Yanan Liu, Yiqun Li, Yongze Zhou, Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Lingbing Zeng. Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (6):2246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Liu; Yiqun Li; Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Lingbing Zeng. 2020. "Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6: 2246.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) is the causative pathogen of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) iridovirosis, leading to severe infectious disease and huge economic losses. However, the infection mechanism by GSIV is far from clear. In this study, a Chinese giant salamander muscle (GSM) cell line is used to investigate the mechanism of cell death during GSIV infection. Microscopy observation and DNA ladder analysis revealed that DNA fragmentation happens during GSIV infection. Flow cytometry analysis showed that apoptotic cells in GSIV-infected cells were significantly higher than that in control cells. Caspase 8, 9, and 3 were activated in GSIV-infected cells compared with the uninfected cells. Consistently, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was significantly reduced, and cytochrome c was released into cytosol during GSIV infection. p53 expression increased at an early stage of GSIV infection and then slightly decreased late in infection. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes participating in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway were significantly up-regulated during GSIV infection, while those of anti-apoptotic genes were restrained in early infection and then rose in late infection. These results collectively indicate that GSIV induces GSM apoptotic cell death involving mitochondrial damage, caspases activation, p53 expression, and pro-apoptotic molecules up-regulation.

ACS Style

Yiqun Li; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 6149 .

AMA Style

Yiqun Li, Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Mingyang Xue, Yan Meng, Lingbing Zeng. Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (24):6149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiqun Li; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. 2019. "Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6149.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The hemorrhagic disease of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) leads to huge economic losses in China and currently, there are no effective methods available for prevention and treatment. The various GCRV genotypes may be one of the major obstacles in the pursuit of an effective antiviral treatment. In this study, we exploited CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to specifically knockout the DNA sequence of the grass carp Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (gcJAM-A) and evaluated in vitro resistance against various GCRV genotypes. Our results show that CRISPR/Cas9 effectively knocked out gcJAM-A and reduced GCRV infection for two different genotypes in permissive grass carp kidney cells (CIK), as evidenced by suppressed cytopathic effect (CPE) and GCRV progeny production in infected cells. In addition, with ectopic expression of gcJAM-A in cells, non-permissive cells derived from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) muscle (GSM) could be highly infected by both GCRV-JX0901 and Hubei grass carp disease reovirus (HGDRV) strains that have different genotypes. Taken together, the results demonstrate that gcJAM-A is necessary for GCRV infection, implying a potential approach for viral control in aquaculture.

ACS Style

Jie Ma; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Nan Jiang; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng. Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 76, 206 -215.

AMA Style

Jie Ma, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Nan Jiang, Jieming Zhang, Lingbing Zeng. Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 76 ():206-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Ma; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Nan Jiang; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng. 2018. "Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 76, no. : 206-215.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important components of innate immunity. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways in response. In present study, we report the identification of two TLRs from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), TLR2 and TLR3 (designated CagTLR2 and CagTLR3, respectively). We report on the genomic structures and mRNA expression patterns of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Five exons and four introns were identified from the genomic DNA sequence of CagTLR3 (4749 bp in total length); this genomic organization is similar to that of TLR3 in zebrafish and human. However, only one intron was identified from the CagTLR2 genomic locus (3166 bp in total length); this unique genomic organization of CagTLR2 is different from that of TLR2 in fish and humans. The cDNAs of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 encoded 791 and 904 amino acid residues, respectively. CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 contained two distinct structural/functional motifs of the TLR family: a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain in the extracellular portion and a toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain in the intracellular portion. The positions of critical amino acid residues involed in PAMP recognition and signaling pathway transduction in mammalian TLRs were conserved in CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer clustering of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 with TLRs from freshwater fish than with marine fish species. In healthy gibel carp, transcripts of these genes were detected in all examined tissues, and high expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were observed in liver and brain, respectively. Following injection with CyHV-2, expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were significantly upregulated in the spleens of gibel carp after three days, and CagTLR3 transcript levels were rapidly increased in head kidney after 12 h. These results suggest that CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 are functionally involved in the induction of antiviral immune response.

ACS Style

Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Lingbing Zeng; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Jianqing Zhao; Qiwang Zhong. Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 72, 629 -638.

AMA Style

Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Lingbing Zeng, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Jianqing Zhao, Qiwang Zhong. Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 72 ():629-638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Lingbing Zeng; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Jianqing Zhao; Qiwang Zhong. 2018. "Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 72, no. : 629-638.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2015 in Veterinary Research
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The emergence of an infectious viral disease caused by the Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) has led to substantial economic losses. However, no more molecular information is available for the understanding of the mechanisms associated with virus–host interaction. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to obtain abundant high-quality ESTs and investigate differentially-expressed genes in the spleen of Chinese giant salamanders that were either infected or mock infected with GSIV. Comparative expression analysis indicated that 293 genes were down-regulated and 220 genes were up-regulated. Further enrichment analysis showed that the most enriched pathway is “complement and coagulation cascades”, and significantly enriched diseases include “inherited thrombophilia”, “immune system diseases”, “primary immunodeficiency”, “complement regulatory protein defects”, and “disorders of nucleotide excision repair”. Additionally, 30 678 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from all spleen samples, 26 355 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the spleens of uninfected animals and 36 070 SNPs from the spleens of infected animals were detected. The large amount of variation was specific for the Chinese giant salamanders that were infected with GSIV. The results reported herein provided significant and new EST information that could contribute greatly in investigations into the molecular functions of immune genes in the Chinese giant salamander.

ACS Style

Yuding Fan; Ming Xian Chang; Jie Ma; Scott E. LaPatra; Yi Wei Hu; Lili Huang; Pin Nie; Lingbing Zeng. Transcriptomic analysis of the host response to an iridovirus infection in Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus. Veterinary Research 2015, 46, 136 .

AMA Style

Yuding Fan, Ming Xian Chang, Jie Ma, Scott E. LaPatra, Yi Wei Hu, Lili Huang, Pin Nie, Lingbing Zeng. Transcriptomic analysis of the host response to an iridovirus infection in Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus. Veterinary Research. 2015; 46 (1):136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuding Fan; Ming Xian Chang; Jie Ma; Scott E. LaPatra; Yi Wei Hu; Lili Huang; Pin Nie; Lingbing Zeng. 2015. "Transcriptomic analysis of the host response to an iridovirus infection in Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus." Veterinary Research 46, no. 1: 136.