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Lingbing Zeng
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Animals
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Crayfish were randomly assigned to six different boxes and two different groups in triplicate. The control group received a basal diet and the treatment group received a diet containing S. cerevisiae at 107 CFU/g. After feeding for 28 days, crayfish of the treatment group exhibited a significantly better weight gain ratio (WGR) and a specific growth rate (SGR) (p< 0.05) than crayfish of the control group. Compared to the treatment group, the control group intestines showed an oedema connective tissue layer and a weak muscle layer. For immune-related genes, Crustin2 expression was similar between the groups, whereas Lysozyme and prophenoloxidase from treatment group expression levels were upregulated significantly (p< 0.05) after 14 and 28 days of feeding. Prophenoloxidase showed the highest expression, with 10.5- and 8.2-fold higher expression than in the control group at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The intestinal microbiota community structure was markedly different between the two groups. After 14 and 28 days of feeding, the relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Lactobacillus increased, whereas Citrobacter and Bacteroides decreased in the treatment group compared with that of the control group. The challenge test showed that crayfish of the treatment group had a significantly enhanced resistance against Citrobacter freundii (p< 0.05). Our results suggest that a S. cerevisiae-containing diet positively influenced the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crayfish.

ACS Style

Yan Xu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Tao Yang; Xiaowen Luo; Yuding Fan; Yan Meng; Wenzhi Liu; Ge Lin; Bo Li; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou. Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Animals 2021, 11, 1963 .

AMA Style

Yan Xu, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Tao Yang, Xiaowen Luo, Yuding Fan, Yan Meng, Wenzhi Liu, Ge Lin, Bo Li, Lingbing Zeng, Yong Zhou. Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Xu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Tao Yang; Xiaowen Luo; Yuding Fan; Yan Meng; Wenzhi Liu; Ge Lin; Bo Li; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou. 2021. "Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia)." Animals 11, no. 7: 1963.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Viruses
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A new grass carp reovirus (GCRV), healthy grass carp reovirus (HGCRV), was isolated from grass carp in 2019. Its complete genome sequence was determined and contained 11 dsRNAs with a total size of 23,688 bp and 57.2 mol% G+C content, encoding 12 proteins. All segments had conserved 5' and 3' termini. Sequence comparisons showed that HGCRV was closely related to GCRV-873 (GCRV-I; 69.57–96.71% protein sequence identity) but shared only 22.65–45.85% and 23.37–43.39% identities with GCRV-HZ08 and Hubei grass carp disease reovirus (HGDRV), respectively. RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) protein-based phylogenetic analysis showed that HGCRV clustered with Aquareovirus-C (AqRV-C) prior to joining a branch common with other aquareoviruses. Further analysis using VP6 amino acid sequences from Chinese GCRV strains showed that HGCRV was in the same evolutionary cluster as GCRV-I. Thus, HGCRV could be a new GCRV isolate of GCRV-I but is distantly related to other known GCRVs. Grass carp infected with HGCRV did not exhibit signs of hemorrhage. Interestingly, the isolate induced a typical cytopathic effect in fish cell lines, such as infected cell shrank, apoptosis, and plague-like syncytia. Further analysis showed that HGCRV could proliferate in grass carp liver (L28824), gibel carp brain (GiCB), and other fish cell lines, reaching a titer of up to 7.5 × 104 copies/μL.

ACS Style

Ke Zhang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Yong Zhou; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram Vakharia; Yuding Fan. Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021, 13, 690 .

AMA Style

Ke Zhang, Wenzhi Liu, Yiqun Li, Yong Zhou, Yan Meng, Lingbing Zeng, Vikram Vakharia, Yuding Fan. Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Zhang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Yong Zhou; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram Vakharia; Yuding Fan. 2021. "Isolation, Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo." Viruses 13, no. 4: 690.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Vaccines
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The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

ACS Style

Changyong Mu; Qiwang Zhong; Yan Meng; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yuding Fan. Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection. Vaccines 2021, 9, 41 .

AMA Style

Changyong Mu, Qiwang Zhong, Yan Meng, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Lingbing Zeng, Vikram N. Vakharia, Yuding Fan. Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (1):41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changyong Mu; Qiwang Zhong; Yan Meng; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Lingbing Zeng; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yuding Fan. 2021. "Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection." Vaccines 9, no. 1: 41.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Developmental & Comparative Immunology
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Bid is a pro-apoptotic BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 superfamily that functions to link the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial amplification loop of the intrinsic pathway. In this study, the expression and functions of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) Bid (AdBid) were investigated. The AdBid cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 576 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 191 aa. AdBid possesses the conserved BH3 interacting domain and shared 34–52% sequence identities with other amphibian Bid. mRNA expression of AdBid was most abundant in muscle. The expression level of AdBid in Chinese giant salamander muscle, kidney and spleen significantly increased after Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) infection. Additionally, a plasmid expressing AdBid was constructed and transfected into the Chinese giant salamander muscle cell line (GSM cells). The morphology and cytopathic effect (CPE) and apoptotic process in AdBid over-expressed GSM cells was significantly enhanced during GSIV infection compared with that in control cells. Moreover, a higher level of the virus major capsid protein (MCP) gene copies and protein synthesis was confirmed in the AdBid over-expressed cells. These results indicated that AdBid played a positive role in GSIV induced apoptosis and the viral replication. This study may contribute to the better understanding on the infection mechanism of iridovirus-induced apoptosis.

ACS Style

Yiqun Li; Yanan Liu; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Yuding Fan; Nan Jiang; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. Bid is involved in apoptosis induced by Chinese giant salamander iridovirus and contributes to the viral replication in an amphibian cell line. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 2020, 116, 103935 .

AMA Style

Yiqun Li, Yanan Liu, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Yuding Fan, Nan Jiang, Mingyang Xue, Yan Meng, Lingbing Zeng. Bid is involved in apoptosis induced by Chinese giant salamander iridovirus and contributes to the viral replication in an amphibian cell line. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 2020; 116 ():103935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiqun Li; Yanan Liu; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Yuding Fan; Nan Jiang; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. 2020. "Bid is involved in apoptosis induced by Chinese giant salamander iridovirus and contributes to the viral replication in an amphibian cell line." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 116, no. : 103935.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Pathogens
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The grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has resulted in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry in China. VP4 and VP35 are outer capsid proteins of GCRV and can induce an immune response in the host. Here, three recombinant baculoviruses, AcMNPV-VP35, AcMNPV-VP4, and AcMNPV-VP35-VP4, were generated to express recombinant VP4 and VP35 proteins from GCRV type II in insect cells by using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system to create a novel subunit vaccine. The expression of recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 proteins in Sf-9 cells were confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 were purified from baculovirus-infected cell lysates and injected intraperitoneally (3 μg/fish) into the model rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus. After 21 days, the immunized fish were challenged with virulent GCRV. Liver, spleen, and kidney samples were collected at different time intervals to evaluate the protective efficacy of the subunit vaccines. The mRNA expression levels of some immune-related genes detected by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, and kidney, with higher expression levels in the VP35-VP4 group. The nonvaccinated fish group showed 100% mortality, whereas the VP35-VP4, VP4, and VP35 groups exhibited 67%, 60%, and 33% survival, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed that recombinant VP35 and VP4 can induce immunity and protect against GCRV infection, with their combined use providing the best effect. Therefore, VP35 and VP4 proteins can be used as a novel subunit vaccine against GCRV infection.

ACS Style

Changyong Mu; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yan Meng; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng; Qiwang Zhong; Yuding Fan. A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Pathogens 2020, 9, 945 .

AMA Style

Changyong Mu, Vikram N. Vakharia, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Yan Meng, Yiqun Li, Mingyang Xue, Jieming Zhang, Lingbing Zeng, Qiwang Zhong, Yuding Fan. A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Pathogens. 2020; 9 (11):945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changyong Mu; Vikram N. Vakharia; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Yan Meng; Yiqun Li; Mingyang Xue; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng; Qiwang Zhong; Yuding Fan. 2020. "A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)." Pathogens 9, no. 11: 945.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2020 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is one of the critically endangered aquatic species in China. It is also among the oldest extant actinopterygian fish species. To advance the characterization of the Chinese sturgeon immune system, we identified the gene encoding the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to both innate and adaptive immune responses. Molecular and phylogenic analysis indicates the Chinese sturgeon (cs) MIF share a high degree of structural conservation with other MIF sequences and is closely related to other bony fish MIF. At steady state, cs-mif gene is expressed at relatively high levels in the brain, and to a lesser but significant level in liver, spleen, kidney, gut and skin. The spatial expression patterns determined by in situ hybridization indicates a preferential distribution of cs-mif transcripts in the cerebral cortex, the gut epithelium, hematopoietic tissues of kidney, spleen and liver parenchyma, and skin epidermis. Marked increase of cs-mif gene expression was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and Aeromonas hydrophila infection in all tested tissues. Furthermore, higher cs-mif transcript levels were detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, gut and skin during stress response resulting from hyperthermia. These results are not only consistent with the expected role of cs-mif gene in innate immunity but also suggest a potential role of this gene in stress response to hyperthermia in the Chinese sturgeon.

ACS Style

Nan Jiang; Qi Ni; Yuding Fan; Shuwang Wu; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Kaige Si; Haigeng Zhang; Jacques Robert; Lingbing Zeng. Characterization and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2020, 103, 9 -16.

AMA Style

Nan Jiang, Qi Ni, Yuding Fan, Shuwang Wu, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Kaige Si, Haigeng Zhang, Jacques Robert, Lingbing Zeng. Characterization and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2020; 103 ():9-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Jiang; Qi Ni; Yuding Fan; Shuwang Wu; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Kaige Si; Haigeng Zhang; Jacques Robert; Lingbing Zeng. 2020. "Characterization and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 103, no. : 9-16.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Mx, Myxovirus resistance is an important interferon-stimulated protein that mediates antiviral responses. In this study, the expression and activities of Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus Mx gene, AdMx, were investigated. The AdMx cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 2112 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 703 aa. Meanwhile, AdMx possesses the conserved tripartite GTP binding motif and a dynamin family signature. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression of AdMx in vivo, with the highest expression levels in brain, kidney and spleen. The AdMx expression level in kidney, spleen and muscle significantly increased at 6 h after Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) infection and peaked at 48 h, while that in muscle cell line (GSM) was not noticeably up-regulated until 72 h post infection. Additionally, a plasmid expressing AdMx was constructed and transfected into the Chinese giant salamander GSM cells. The virus load and gene copies in AdMx over-expressed cells were significantly reduced compared with those in the control cells. Moreover, compared to the control cells, a lower level of virus major capsid protein (MCP) synthesis in AdMx over-expressed cells was confirmed by Western blot. These results collectively suggest that Mx plays an important antiviral role in the immune responses against GSIV in Chinese giant salamander.

ACS Style

Yanan Liu; Yiqun Li; Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Lingbing Zeng. Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 2246 .

AMA Style

Yanan Liu, Yiqun Li, Yongze Zhou, Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Lingbing Zeng. Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (6):2246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Liu; Yiqun Li; Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Lingbing Zeng. 2020. "Characterization, Expression Pattern and Antiviral Activities of Mx Gene in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6: 2246.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) is the causative pathogen of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) iridovirosis, leading to severe infectious disease and huge economic losses. However, the infection mechanism by GSIV is far from clear. In this study, a Chinese giant salamander muscle (GSM) cell line is used to investigate the mechanism of cell death during GSIV infection. Microscopy observation and DNA ladder analysis revealed that DNA fragmentation happens during GSIV infection. Flow cytometry analysis showed that apoptotic cells in GSIV-infected cells were significantly higher than that in control cells. Caspase 8, 9, and 3 were activated in GSIV-infected cells compared with the uninfected cells. Consistently, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was significantly reduced, and cytochrome c was released into cytosol during GSIV infection. p53 expression increased at an early stage of GSIV infection and then slightly decreased late in infection. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes participating in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway were significantly up-regulated during GSIV infection, while those of anti-apoptotic genes were restrained in early infection and then rose in late infection. These results collectively indicate that GSIV induces GSM apoptotic cell death involving mitochondrial damage, caspases activation, p53 expression, and pro-apoptotic molecules up-regulation.

ACS Style

Yiqun Li; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 6149 .

AMA Style

Yiqun Li, Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Mingyang Xue, Yan Meng, Lingbing Zeng. Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (24):6149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiqun Li; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Mingyang Xue; Yan Meng; Lingbing Zeng. 2019. "Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Iridovirus Infection Leads to Apoptotic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Damage, Caspases Activation, and Expression of Apoptotic-Related Genes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6149.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2019 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Type I interferons, as a class of multipotent cytokines, play a key role in host antiviral immune responses. In this study, a type I IFN coding gene of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, CagIFNa was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA sequence of CagIFNa consists of 724 nucleotides that encode a predicted protein of 183 amino acids. CagIFNa has two highly conserved cysteine residues in the deduced protein, which is mostly conserved in the fish group I type I IFNs. CagIFNa was identified as a member of the IFNa subgroup of group I type I IFNs by phylogenetic analysis. CagIFNa transcripts were detected in all investigated tissues with higher levels in the liver, intestine, spleen and head kidney of gibel carp. Following injection with Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), CagIFNa gene expression was significantly inhibited in the spleen but delayed and then increased in head kidneys. Similarly, while CagIFNa expression was rapidly induced in gibel carp brain (GiCB) cells by poly I:C stimulation and its high induction level was delayed following CyHV-2 infection. CagIFNa overexpression in GiCB cells drastically reduced virus CPE and titer. Furthermore, several genes associated with type I IFN signaling pathway including IRF3, IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, Mx1 and PKR were induced in GiCB cells overexpressing CagIFNa upon CyHV-2 infection. These results show that CagIFNa plays a role in antiviral immune system in gibel carp.

ACS Style

Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Chen Xu; Wenzhi Liu; Lingbing Zeng. Identification, expression profiles and antiviral activities of a type I IFN from gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2019, 91, 78 -86.

AMA Style

Yongze Zhou, Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Chen Xu, Wenzhi Liu, Lingbing Zeng. Identification, expression profiles and antiviral activities of a type I IFN from gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2019; 91 ():78-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongze Zhou; Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Chen Xu; Wenzhi Liu; Lingbing Zeng. 2019. "Identification, expression profiles and antiviral activities of a type I IFN from gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 91, no. : 78-86.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2018 in Scientific Reports
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The hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus × Acipenser schrenckii) is an economically important species in China. With the increasing aquaculture of hybrid sturgeon, the bacterial diseases are a great concern of the industry. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to compare the difference in transcriptome in spleen of the infected and mock infected sturgeon with Aeromonas hydrophila. Among 187,244 unigenes obtained, 87,887 unigenes were annotated and 1,147 unigenes were associated with immune responses genes. Comparative expression analysis indicated that 2,723 differently expressed genes between the infected and mock-infected group were identified, including 1,420 up-regulated and 1,303 down-regulated genes. 283 differently expressed anti-bacterial immune related genes were scrutinized, including 168 up-regulated and 115 down-regulated genes. Ten of the differently expressed genes were further validated by qRT-PCR. In this study, toll like receptors (TLRs) pathway, NF-kappa B pathway, class A scavenger receptor pathway, phagocytosis pathway, mannose receptor pathway and complement pathway were shown to be up-regulated in Aeromonas hydrophila infected hybrid sturgeon. Additionally, 65,040 potential SSRs and 2,133,505 candidate SNPs were identified from the hybrid sturgeon spleen transcriptome. This study could provide an insight of host immune genes associated with bacterial infection in hybrid sturgeon.

ACS Style

Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Weiling Wang; Jie Ma; Lingbing Zeng. Transcriptome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila infected hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus×Acipenser schrenckii). Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Weiling Wang, Jie Ma, Lingbing Zeng. Transcriptome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila infected hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus×Acipenser schrenckii). Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Weiling Wang; Jie Ma; Lingbing Zeng. 2018. "Transcriptome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila infected hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus×Acipenser schrenckii)." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-18.

Original article
Published: 04 October 2018 in Archives of Virology
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In 2017, a clinical disease outbreak resulted in substantial mortality of adults and larvae of cultured Chinese rice-field eels (Monopterus albus) on a farm in Hubei, Central China. A rhabdovirus was isolated from moribund specimens, and typical clinical symptoms associated with an outbreak included an enlarged and swollen head. This differed from previous observations. Histological changes included necrosis and cavities of various sizes within the brain and kidney. Homogenized tissues of diseased Chinese rice-field eels were screened for viral isolation using six different fish cell lines. A rhabdovirus was isolated following observation of cytopathic effect (CPE) in a gibel carp brain (GiCB) cell line and confirmed by RT-PCR. Electron microscopy showed large numbers of rhabdovirus-shaped particles in the cytoplasm of the brain cells of the diseased Chinese rice-field eels and in the infected GiCB cell line. This virus has been named “Chinese rice-field eel rhabdovirus” (CrERV), and the complete nucleotide sequence of CrERV was cloned. This rhabdovirus is composed of 11,545 nucleotides with the following genomic organization: 3′-N-P-M-G-L-5′. The genes are separated by conserved gene junctions, and phylogenetic analysis of the L sequence revealed that CrERV forms a separate branch with Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) and hybrid snakehead rhabdovirus C1207 (HSHRV-C1207). This is the first report of the complete sequence of CrERV from the Chinese rice-field eel in China.

ACS Style

Wenzhi Liu; Yuding Fan; Zhong Li; Jianqing Zhao; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Jia Zeng; Kenneth Cain; Lingbing Zeng. Isolation, identification, and classification of a novel rhabdovirus from diseased Chinese rice-field eels (Monopterus albus). Archives of Virology 2018, 164, 105 -116.

AMA Style

Wenzhi Liu, Yuding Fan, Zhong Li, Jianqing Zhao, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Jia Zeng, Kenneth Cain, Lingbing Zeng. Isolation, identification, and classification of a novel rhabdovirus from diseased Chinese rice-field eels (Monopterus albus). Archives of Virology. 2018; 164 (1):105-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenzhi Liu; Yuding Fan; Zhong Li; Jianqing Zhao; Yong Zhou; Nan Jiang; Jia Zeng; Kenneth Cain; Lingbing Zeng. 2018. "Isolation, identification, and classification of a novel rhabdovirus from diseased Chinese rice-field eels (Monopterus albus)." Archives of Virology 164, no. 1: 105-116.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2018 in Virology Journal
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Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease is caused by an acute infection with grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The frequent outbreaks of this disease have suppressed development of the grass carp farming industry. GCRV104, the representative strain of genotype III grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus, belongs to the Spinareovirinae subfamily and serves as a model for studying the strain of GCRV which encodes an outer-fiber protein. There is no commercially available vaccine for this genotype of GCRV. Therefore, the discovery of new inhibitors for genotype III of GCRV will be clinically beneficial. In addition, the mechanism of GCRV with fiber entry into cells remains poorly understood. Viral entry was determined by a combination of specific pharmacological inhibitors, transmission electron microscopy, and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results demonstrate that both GCRV-JX01 (genotype I) and GCRV104 (genotype III) of GCRV propagated in the grass carp kidney cell line (CIK) with a typical cytopathic effect (CPE). However, GCRV104 replicated slower than GCRV-JX01 in CIK cells. The titer of GCRV-JX01 was 1000 times higher than GCRV104 at 24 h post-infection. We reveal that ammonium chloride, dynasore, pistop2, chlorpromazine, and rottlerin inhibit viral entrance and infection, but not nystatin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, IPA-3, amiloride, bafilomycin A1, nocodazole, and latrunculin B. Furthermore, GCRV104 and GCRV-JX01 infection of CIK cells depended on dynamin and the acidification of the endosome. This was evident by the significant inhibition following prophylactic treatment with the lysosomotropic drug ammonium chloride or dynasore. Taken together, our data have suggested that GCRV104 enters CIK cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner. We also suggest that dynamin is critical for efficient viral entry. Additionally, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin and the protein kinase C inhibitor rottlerin block GCRV104 cell entry and replication.

ACS Style

Hao Wang; Weisha Liu; Meng Sun; Dubo Chen; Lingbing Zeng; Liqun Lu; Jing Xie. Inhibitor analysis revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involed in cellular entry of type III grass carp reovirus. Virology Journal 2018, 15, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Hao Wang, Weisha Liu, Meng Sun, Dubo Chen, Lingbing Zeng, Liqun Lu, Jing Xie. Inhibitor analysis revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involed in cellular entry of type III grass carp reovirus. Virology Journal. 2018; 15 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Wang; Weisha Liu; Meng Sun; Dubo Chen; Lingbing Zeng; Liqun Lu; Jing Xie. 2018. "Inhibitor analysis revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involed in cellular entry of type III grass carp reovirus." Virology Journal 15, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2018 in Developmental & Comparative Immunology
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Rag1 and rag2 are two closely linked recombination activating genes required for V(D)J recombination of antigen receptors in immature lymphocytes, whose expression can serve as marker to identify the lymphopoietic tissues. To study the development of lymphopoietic tissues in Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), the Chinese giant salamander rag1 and rag2 coding sequences were cloned and determined. High transcript levels of rag1 and rag2 were co-detected in the thymus before 14 months of age, whereas levels were lower in spleen, liver and kidney at all stage of development. The spatial expression patterns of rag1 and rag2 were studied in combination with igY and tcrβ gene expression using in situ hybridization. Significant transcript signals for rag1, rag2, tcrβ and igY were detected not only in the thymus and spleen but also the liver and kidney of juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamanders, which suggests that cells of lymphocyte lineage are present in multiple tissues of the Chinese giant salamander. This implies that lymphopoiesis may take place in these tissues. The tissue morphology of thymus suggested that the branched thymic primordium developed into mature organ with the development of thymocyte from juvenile to adult. These results not only confirm that as expected the thymus and spleen are primordial lymphopoietic tissues but also suggest that the liver and kidney provide site of lymphocyte differentiation in Chinese giant salamander.

ACS Style

Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Jacques Robert; Lingbing Zeng. Rag1 and rag2 gene expressions identify lymphopoietic tissues in juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 2018, 87, 24 -35.

AMA Style

Nan Jiang, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Jacques Robert, Lingbing Zeng. Rag1 and rag2 gene expressions identify lymphopoietic tissues in juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 2018; 87 ():24-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Jiang; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Jacques Robert; Lingbing Zeng. 2018. "Rag1 and rag2 gene expressions identify lymphopoietic tissues in juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 87, no. : 24-35.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The hemorrhagic disease of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) leads to huge economic losses in China and currently, there are no effective methods available for prevention and treatment. The various GCRV genotypes may be one of the major obstacles in the pursuit of an effective antiviral treatment. In this study, we exploited CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to specifically knockout the DNA sequence of the grass carp Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (gcJAM-A) and evaluated in vitro resistance against various GCRV genotypes. Our results show that CRISPR/Cas9 effectively knocked out gcJAM-A and reduced GCRV infection for two different genotypes in permissive grass carp kidney cells (CIK), as evidenced by suppressed cytopathic effect (CPE) and GCRV progeny production in infected cells. In addition, with ectopic expression of gcJAM-A in cells, non-permissive cells derived from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) muscle (GSM) could be highly infected by both GCRV-JX0901 and Hubei grass carp disease reovirus (HGDRV) strains that have different genotypes. Taken together, the results demonstrate that gcJAM-A is necessary for GCRV infection, implying a potential approach for viral control in aquaculture.

ACS Style

Jie Ma; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Nan Jiang; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng. Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 76, 206 -215.

AMA Style

Jie Ma, Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Wenzhi Liu, Nan Jiang, Jieming Zhang, Lingbing Zeng. Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 76 ():206-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Ma; Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Wenzhi Liu; Nan Jiang; Jieming Zhang; Lingbing Zeng. 2018. "Efficient resistance to grass carp reovirus infection in JAM-A knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 76, no. : 206-215.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important components of innate immunity. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways in response. In present study, we report the identification of two TLRs from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), TLR2 and TLR3 (designated CagTLR2 and CagTLR3, respectively). We report on the genomic structures and mRNA expression patterns of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Five exons and four introns were identified from the genomic DNA sequence of CagTLR3 (4749 bp in total length); this genomic organization is similar to that of TLR3 in zebrafish and human. However, only one intron was identified from the CagTLR2 genomic locus (3166 bp in total length); this unique genomic organization of CagTLR2 is different from that of TLR2 in fish and humans. The cDNAs of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 encoded 791 and 904 amino acid residues, respectively. CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 contained two distinct structural/functional motifs of the TLR family: a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain in the extracellular portion and a toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain in the intracellular portion. The positions of critical amino acid residues involed in PAMP recognition and signaling pathway transduction in mammalian TLRs were conserved in CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer clustering of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 with TLRs from freshwater fish than with marine fish species. In healthy gibel carp, transcripts of these genes were detected in all examined tissues, and high expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were observed in liver and brain, respectively. Following injection with CyHV-2, expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were significantly upregulated in the spleens of gibel carp after three days, and CagTLR3 transcript levels were rapidly increased in head kidney after 12 h. These results suggest that CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 are functionally involved in the induction of antiviral immune response.

ACS Style

Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Lingbing Zeng; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Jianqing Zhao; Qiwang Zhong. Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 72, 629 -638.

AMA Style

Yuding Fan, Yong Zhou, Lingbing Zeng, Nan Jiang, Wenzhi Liu, Jianqing Zhao, Qiwang Zhong. Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 72 ():629-638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuding Fan; Yong Zhou; Lingbing Zeng; Nan Jiang; Wenzhi Liu; Jianqing Zhao; Qiwang Zhong. 2018. "Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 72, no. : 629-638.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2017 in Journal of Virological Methods
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Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has been recognized as the causative agent of the most serious disease in cultured mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi, in China. Disease outbreaks have resulted in substantial losses to the aquaculture industry. Currently, reliable laboratory detection and identification methods are available for this virus. However, rapid detection methods applicable for on-site diagnosis of this infectious agent are unavailable. To address this need, a nearly instrument-free, cost-effective and simple detection method was developed and optimized and incorporates cross priming amplification coupled with vertical flow visualization for rapid identification of ISKNV (ISKNV-CPA-VF). Results show that cross circulation amplification targeting the conserved region of the major capsid protein (MCP) regiment of the ISKNV genome had a sensitivity 10 times greater than traditional PCR at 64 °C within 60 min. The optimized concentration of dNTPs and the concentration for Mg2+ were 1.0 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively. No cross-reactions with other viruses or bacteria were observed. When combined with the nucleic acid strip detection technology, visual detection of ISKNV amplified products was realized within 3–5 min following amplification. The simplicity and nearly instrument-free method for this ISKNV-CPA-VF assay shows great potential for on-site diagnostics of ISKNV infection in Siniperca chuatsi.

ACS Style

Wenzhi Liu; Yong Zhou; Yuding Fan; Nan Jiang; Kenneth Cain; Lingbing Zeng. Development of cross-priming amplification coupled with vertical flow visualization for rapid detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. Journal of Virological Methods 2017, 253, 38 -42.

AMA Style

Wenzhi Liu, Yong Zhou, Yuding Fan, Nan Jiang, Kenneth Cain, Lingbing Zeng. Development of cross-priming amplification coupled with vertical flow visualization for rapid detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. Journal of Virological Methods. 2017; 253 ():38-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenzhi Liu; Yong Zhou; Yuding Fan; Nan Jiang; Kenneth Cain; Lingbing Zeng. 2017. "Development of cross-priming amplification coupled with vertical flow visualization for rapid detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi." Journal of Virological Methods 253, no. : 38-42.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent agent to Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and causes a severe infectious disease called hemorrhagic disease of grass carp. Generally, barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus, a genetically closely related species to grass carp, exhibits significant resistance against GCRV infection compared to grass carp. To investigate whether the Toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) has got a vital role against the GCRV infection, the full cDNA sequence of tlr22 from barbel chub (Sctlr22) was cloned by RACE-PCR, and the structure and expression feature were studied. The complete cDNA sequence of Sctlr22 has a size of 3504 bp, encoding for 960 amino acid residues. Sctlr22 possesses typical structural features of the tlrs family, including 19 leucine rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane (TM) and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that barbel chub Tlr22 was clustered together with the Tlr22 of grass carp (Citlr22). Structurally, barbel chub Tlr22 have two different structure in LRRs domain and TIR domain with grass carp (Susceptible to GCRV), but was similar to that of Danio rerio and Cyprinus carpio (Resistance to GCRV). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis has shown that Sctlr22 is prominently expressed in immune relevant tissues such as head kidney and spleen. After GCRV infection, Sctlr22 expression level was up-regulated in four tested tissues and the highest expression of Sctlr22 appeared fast and higher than Citlr22. The interferon-β (ifn-β) expression level in CIK cells over-expressing fused cDNA encoding the LRR domain of Sctlr22 to the transmembrane and TIR domain of Citlr22 was significantly higher than that cells overexpressing Citlr22 after GCRV infection. The virus titer was significantly reduced compared to Citlr22 over-expressing cells. These results suggested that Sctlr22 seems to play a vital role in the immune response against GCRV.

ACS Style

Rong-Hua Wang; Wei Li; Yu-Ding Fan; Qiao-Lin Liu; Ling-Bing Zeng; Tiao-Yi Xiao. Tlr22 structure and expression characteristic of barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus provides insights into antiviral immunity against infection with grass carp reovirus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2017, 66, 120 -128.

AMA Style

Rong-Hua Wang, Wei Li, Yu-Ding Fan, Qiao-Lin Liu, Ling-Bing Zeng, Tiao-Yi Xiao. Tlr22 structure and expression characteristic of barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus provides insights into antiviral immunity against infection with grass carp reovirus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2017; 66 ():120-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rong-Hua Wang; Wei Li; Yu-Ding Fan; Qiao-Lin Liu; Ling-Bing Zeng; Tiao-Yi Xiao. 2017. "Tlr22 structure and expression characteristic of barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus provides insights into antiviral immunity against infection with grass carp reovirus." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 66, no. : 120-128.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2016 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, which consists of a large number of proteins containing a RING (Really Interesting New Gene) domain, one or two B-box domains, and coiled coil motif followed by different C-terminal domains. The TRIM family is known to be implicated in multiple cellular functions, including antiviral activity. However, it is presently unknown whether TRIM32 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has the antiviral effect. In this study, the sequence, expression, and antiviral function of TRIM32 homolog from common carp were analyzed. The full-length coding sequence region of trim32 was cloned from common carp. The results showed that the expression of TRIM32 (mRNA) was highest in the brain, remained stably expressed during embryonic development, and significantly increased following spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. Transient overexpression of TRIM32 in affected Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells led to significant decrease of SVCV production as compared to the control group. These results suggested a potentially important role of common carp TRIM32 in enhancing host immune response during SVCV infection both in vivo and in vitro.

ACS Style

Yeda Wang; Zeming Li; Yuanan Lu; Guangfu Hu; Li Lin; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou; Xueqin Liu. Molecular Characterization, Tissue Distribution and Expression, and Potential Antiviral Effects of TRIM32 in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2016, 17, 1693 .

AMA Style

Yeda Wang, Zeming Li, Yuanan Lu, Guangfu Hu, Li Lin, Lingbing Zeng, Yong Zhou, Xueqin Liu. Molecular Characterization, Tissue Distribution and Expression, and Potential Antiviral Effects of TRIM32 in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17 (10):1693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeda Wang; Zeming Li; Yuanan Lu; Guangfu Hu; Li Lin; Lingbing Zeng; Yong Zhou; Xueqin Liu. 2016. "Molecular Characterization, Tissue Distribution and Expression, and Potential Antiviral Effects of TRIM32 in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1693.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), one of the oldest extant actinopterygian fishes with very high evolutionary, economical and conservation interest, is considered to be one of the critically endangered aquatic animals in China. Up to date, the immune system of this species remains largely undetermined with little sequence information publicly available. Herein, the first comprehensive transcriptome of immune tissues for Chinese sturgeon was characterized using Illumina deep sequencing. Over 67 million high-quality reads were generated and de novo assembled into the final set of 91,739 unique sequences. The annotation pipeline revealed that 25,871 unigenes were successfully annotated in the public databases, of which only 2002 had significant match to the existing sequences for the genus Acipenser. Overall 22,827 unigenes were categorized into 52 GO terms, 12,742 were classified into 26 KOG categories, and 4968 were assigned to 339 KEGG pathways. A more detailed annotation search showed the presence of a notable representation of immune-related genes, which suggests that this non-teleost actinopterygian fish harbors the same intermediates as in the well known immune pathways from mammals and teleosts, such as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, complement and coagulation pathway, T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways. Additional genetic marker discovery led to the retrieval of 20,056 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 327,140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This immune-enriched transcriptome of Chinese sturgeon represents a rich resource that adds to the currently nascent field of chondrostean fish immunogenetics and furthers the conservation and management of this valuable fish.

ACS Style

Rong Zhu; He-Jun Du; Shun-Yi Li; Ya-Dong Li; Hong Ni; Xue-Jing Yu; Yan-Yan Yang; Yu-Ding Fan; Nan Jiang; Ling-Bing Zeng; Xing-Guo Wang. De novo annotation of the immune-enriched transcriptome provides insights into immune system genes of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2016, 55, 699 -716.

AMA Style

Rong Zhu, He-Jun Du, Shun-Yi Li, Ya-Dong Li, Hong Ni, Xue-Jing Yu, Yan-Yan Yang, Yu-Ding Fan, Nan Jiang, Ling-Bing Zeng, Xing-Guo Wang. De novo annotation of the immune-enriched transcriptome provides insights into immune system genes of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2016; 55 ():699-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rong Zhu; He-Jun Du; Shun-Yi Li; Ya-Dong Li; Hong Ni; Xue-Jing Yu; Yan-Yan Yang; Yu-Ding Fan; Nan Jiang; Ling-Bing Zeng; Xing-Guo Wang. 2016. "De novo annotation of the immune-enriched transcriptome provides insights into immune system genes of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 55, no. : 699-716.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2016 in Aquaculture
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The enteric septicemia of channel catfish, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is one of the most severe diseases in channel catfish worldwide. Currently, a safe and highly effective vaccine is urgently needed for the control of this disease. In this study, E. ictaluri ghosts (EIGs) were first generated by PhiX174 lysis gene E, and the hematological indices and relative percent of survival (RPS) were examined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after immunization. Generation of ghosts in the transformant of E. ictaluri carrying the plasmid pBV-lysisE was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42 °C. Lysis of E. ictaluri occurred 2 h after induction and the process was complete in 6 h. The efficiency of ghost induction in non-lyophilized E. ictaluri was 99.997%. Additionally, no bacterial growth was detected by culture on BHI plates after lyophilization of the ghosts. The immune response of channel catfish immunized with the E. ictaluri ghosts indicated that the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes reached a maximum value of 3.53 × 106 and 5.25 × 105 cell/ml, at day 4 post-immunization, respectively, which were both significantly higher than in the control group inoculated with PBS only (P < 0.01). The percentage of monocyte and neutrophils reached 7.33 ± 1.52% and 26.3 ± 2.08% at day 4 post-immunization, respectively. The phagocytic percentage (PP) and phagocytic index (PI) reached maximum values of 49.33 ± 1.52% and 5.67 ± 1.15, respectively, which were significantly higher than in control group (P < 0.01). The percentage of lymphocytes and the serum antibody titers also increased significantly and peaked at 61.33 ± 0.58% and a titer of 1:682.67 at day 21 post-immunization, respectively. The challenge evaluation showed that the RPS of immunized group was 89.3%. These results demonstrated that EIGs could induce significant immunological responses in channel catfish that resulted in high protection and suggest that EIGs may be a potential vaccine against ESC in channel catfish. In the paper, we illustrated the generation method of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts and the immunological responses and protection in channel catfish after being immunized with E. ictaluri ghosts. The result of this paper indicated that E. ictaluri ghosts would be an effective approach for preventing ESC in channel catfish in the future.

ACS Style

Rong-Hua Wang; Tiao-Yi Xiao; Ling-Bing Zeng; Xiao-Yan Liu; Yong Zhou; Jie Ma. Generation and use of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Aquaculture 2016, 456, 9 -15.

AMA Style

Rong-Hua Wang, Tiao-Yi Xiao, Ling-Bing Zeng, Xiao-Yan Liu, Yong Zhou, Jie Ma. Generation and use of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Aquaculture. 2016; 456 ():9-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rong-Hua Wang; Tiao-Yi Xiao; Ling-Bing Zeng; Xiao-Yan Liu; Yong Zhou; Jie Ma. 2016. "Generation and use of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC)." Aquaculture 456, no. : 9-15.