This paper presents the development of patient monitoring system for two primary vital signs of body temperature and respiratory rate. The monitoring system was implemented in IoT platform and designed using Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. Two sensor's modules used to determine each vital sign level, which each module use temperature sensors. The purposes of this project are to design patient monitoring system that can detect the vital signs level, analyse the level of vital signs according to the patient age, provide alert for abnormal condition and also displayed the results wirelessly through android apps. This project would minimize the work load for nurses in hospital and provide much convenient method in monitoring status of each vital signs for every patient in the ward. Conventional method which requires nurse to visit every patient to record vital signs measurement is time consuming. With this system, nurses can monitor the patient status through android apps installed into any android device. Nurses or doctors can also review the previous vital sign status by downloading the data from the cloud in the excel format. Comparison on the two vital signs level obtained from this system with standard measurement equipment or manual observation shown almost similar results.

This paper studies the behavior of fluidic based memristor sensor in detecting glucose liquid. Two types of memristor sensors were produced using two different deposition methods which were physical vapor deposition (PVD) method and sol-gel spin coating method. The equipment used in doing the PVD was radio frequency (RF) sputtering machine, and normal spin coating machine was employed for the sol-gel deposition. The memristor sensors were then tested with three glucose concentrations in a fluidic based platform. An observation showed that the ROFF/RON ratio of the sol gel spin coating memristor sensor was higher than the PVD memristor sensor. The increment in the concentration of the glucose liquid also raised the ratio for both deposition methods. The sol-gel spin coating deposition recorded an exponential relationship between its ROFF/RON ratio to the glucose concentration while a linear relationship was observed in PVD method for the same parameters. As conclusion, the sol-gel spin coating method has more advantages than the PVD method due to its high sensing capability, shorter deposition time and lower cost.

Two types of memristor sensor were fabricated using two different TiO2 deposition methods of sputtering and\ud sol-gel spin coating. The surface morphology of the sensors and the behaviour of the sensors were analysed by\ud using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray system and I-V characterisation system\ud respectively. The sensors were applied with liquid with hydroxyl group to check the capability of this sensor in\ud sensing different concentration of hydroxyl ion inside the liquid. For that purpose, D-glucose liquid with four\ud concentrations of 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM and 40 mM were chosen. The liquids dispensed onto the TiO2 surface\ud to act as sensing material. The TiO2 surface was initially covered with polydimethylsiloxane to control the liquid.\ud The sensing capability of the sensors was determined via the current-voltage measurement and off-on resistance\ud ratio. The sensitivity of the sensors was analysed from the off-on resistance ratio analysis. Type II memristor\ud sensor which was fabricated using sol-gel spin coating technique recorded high sensitivity of 120.65 (mM)−1,\ud while Type I sensor fabricated using the sputtering technique recorded low sensitivity of 0.035 (mM)−1.\ud However, SEM-EDX image illustrated that the sputtering technique produced more uniform TiO2 thin film than\ud sol-gel spin coating technique with larger atomic number of oxygen through the sol-gel spin coating technique.\ud This indicates Type II sensor that has large number of oxygen atom produced more reaction with hydroxyl ion\ud inside the liquid. While, Type I sensor produced less reaction compared with Type II and thus produced smaller\ud off-on resistance ratio

Simple structure of fluidic based memristor sensor with high Roff/Ron ratio of 117,118 is reported. This sensor used Roff/Ron ratio as a new sensing mechanism to detect different D-Glucose concentrations, this mechanism was first time implemented in bio-sensing applications. This sensor was fabricated in nano thickness well structure using sol gel spin coating technique with titanium dioxide as the sensing material. The nano thickness well pattern of titanium dioxide obtained using lift-off technique. The results show that ROFF/RON ratio changed with changes in D-Glucose concentrations. The result for detection of various concentrations of sodium chloride and potassium chloride also studied but it did not show a uniform detection. The novelty of this research is the implementation of fluidic based concept to the memristor sensor that never been published by others. The high ROFF/RON ratio obtained using sol gel spin coating technique is another one of the promising technique for bio-sensing applications.

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1 protein) is becoming a commonplace biomarker for the diagnostic of early detection of dengue. In this study, we sought to use a label-free approach of detecting NS1 protein by harnessing fluidic-based memristor sensor. The sensor was fabricated using sol-gel spin coating technique, by which TiO₂ thin film is coated on the surface of Indium tin oxide (ITO) and a glass substrate. The sensor was then functionalized with glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTS), acting as antibody for NS1. The addition of the target NS1 formed an antibody-antigen complex which altered the physical and electrical properties in sensing region. Sensing of the sensor is incumbent upon the measurement of Off-On resistance ratio. Imaging with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) evinced the successful immobilization of the antibody and the subsequent capture of the NS1 protein by the immobilized antibody. The detection limit actualized by the developed sensor was 52 nM and the diameter of 2 mm gives the most optimal measurement. The developed sensor demonstrated an immense potential towards the development of label-free diagnostic of early dengue infection.