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This paper investigates the local community support for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) using the lens of social exchange theory. The study examines the direct effect of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors on the local community support for CPEC projects, and the resultant impacts on the development and sustainability of the rural economy of Pakistan. The study also explores the moderation effect of media influence on shaping positive perceptions of CPEC among the local populace. The local communities at the CPEC route which are affected or can be affected by the project were targeted for data collection using a structured questionnaire. The collected valid data (N = 259) were thoroughly analyzed by obtaining reliability and validity statistics, a correlation matrix, multiple regression, moderation analysis, and hypotheses testing. Our results substantiate that the local community support for the CPEC project is heavily dependent on social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors and that there is a positive influence of media impact as an opinion-maker in the local community regarding the CPEC. The CPEC is expected to develop the rural economy, particularly through improvements in agriculture and allied activities, thereby providing livelihoods and income-generating opportunities to the rural masses. The article is important for regulators, the CPEC authority, government bodies, and the relevant community.
Inam Khalil; Sehresh Hena; Usman Ghani; Raza Ullah; Inayatullah Jan; Abdul Rauf; Abdul Rehman; Azhar Abbas; Luan Jingdong. Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC. Sustainability 2021, 13, 686 .
AMA StyleInam Khalil, Sehresh Hena, Usman Ghani, Raza Ullah, Inayatullah Jan, Abdul Rauf, Abdul Rehman, Azhar Abbas, Luan Jingdong. Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):686.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInam Khalil; Sehresh Hena; Usman Ghani; Raza Ullah; Inayatullah Jan; Abdul Rauf; Abdul Rehman; Azhar Abbas; Luan Jingdong. 2021. "Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 686.
The green spaces preserve natural heritage, spectacular landscapes, and wildlife habitats. By incorporating national parks, it leads to economic growth, environmental sustainability, social involvement, and provides a protected area for endangered wildlife. Nature-dependent tourism indicates a critical place within the national economy. Pakistan is tackling the tourism industry and implementing nature-related approaches using national parks. The main objective of the proposed study is to appraise the economic value of the eastern arid regions of Pakistan and determine their environmental importance. For the assessment of recreational value, the travel cost method (TCM) and the zero truncated negative binomial regression models were chosen. Recreation demand was negatively linked to salary and had a significant positive association with the place of residence, age, and length of stay. The total estimated annual consumer surplus of the parks was Rs. 3317/person, while outsider consumer surplus was Rs. 3032/person/visit, and consumer surplus native annual value was Rs. 3289/person/visit. The results show that visitors have fewer tendencies towards the recreational site, as they are restricted to paying the entrance fee. This study contributes to environmental content reservations, such as a clean atmosphere, soil protection, and a stable ecosystem. It also improves economic valuation and sends a thought-provoking signal to native authorities to effectively manage the supervision of national parks.
Sehresh Hena; Sufyan Ullah Khan; Abdul Rehman; Sumia Sahar; Inam Ullah Khalil; Jingdong Luan. Valuing and significance of eco-tourism parks across eastern arid regions of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 5900 -5913.
AMA StyleSehresh Hena, Sufyan Ullah Khan, Abdul Rehman, Sumia Sahar, Inam Ullah Khalil, Jingdong Luan. Valuing and significance of eco-tourism parks across eastern arid regions of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (5):5900-5913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSehresh Hena; Sufyan Ullah Khan; Abdul Rehman; Sumia Sahar; Inam Ullah Khalil; Jingdong Luan. 2020. "Valuing and significance of eco-tourism parks across eastern arid regions of Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 5: 5900-5913.