The purpose of this study is to understand the differentiated impact of politics- and science-oriented education on pro-environmental behavior among university students. A questionnaire was designed and sent to more than 14,000 university students from 152 universities in China using the snowball sampling method. In the questionnaire, the environmental knowledge was divided innovatively into two parts: Science-oriented knowledge spread by traditional environmental education and politics-oriented knowledge spread through political education. The structural equation model was used to understand the conduction path of pro-environmental knowledge, attitude, and behavior. It shows that politics-oriented knowledge has a quicker and stronger effect on improving behavior than science-oriented knowledge. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between science- and politics-oriented knowledge. However, the attitude is positively influenced by science-oriented knowledge, instead of politics-oriented knowledge. It suggests that traditional environmental education and political education should be integrated to promote the pro-environmental behavior of university students indirectly and directly, which may provide an opportunity for pro-environmental political education in other countries. The study contributes important theoretical and practical implications for environmental education and sustainable development.

The protection of a water resource’s ecological environment is one of the most important tasks in the watershed in China. The evaluation of water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is the foundation for the suitability of territorial space development. It is necessary to further analyze the weaknesses of the coordinated development of various dimensions of WRCC and explore the basis of territorial space development and optimization. This paper considers Chinese unique policy tasks, namely, “three water management together”, the types of main function areas, “red lines” control, and national spatial suitability evaluation, to construct the evaluation index system of WRCC. Monomial evaluation, integrated evaluation, and coupling coordination analysis methods are used separately to evaluate the carrying index, comprehensive carrying index, and coupling coordination degree of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin. The results show that: (1) As far as monomial evaluation is concerned, water resource supplies are often overloaded on the overall economy, industrial, and agricultural development; (2) The comprehensive indices of WRCC of the counties in the southwest are obviously better than that of the counties in the northeast; (3) The degree of coupling coordination of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin is not high, and is essentially in the primary or barely coordinated level; (4) the short board of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin presents obvious spatial characteristics, which from west to east are water environment, water resources and water ecology lagging, respectively. This paper measures WRCC for industry, agriculture, life, and ecology, which is helpful in promoting the suitability evaluation of land space development. Meanwhile, the case study of the Qingjiang River Basin provides reference for other regions to implement the “double evaluation”.

River basin ecological compensation is a major strategic decision and deployment made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council.It is of great significance to balance the interests of the river basin and promote sustainable development to carry out the study of ecological compensation standards from the perspective of the compensated. Based on this, this paper takes the Enshi section of the Qingjiang River Basin as the research object, uses the environmental cost to calculate the ecological compensation standard of the basin, and uses the water quantity apportionment coefficient and the water quality correction coefficient to adjust the accounting results, to explore the the standard of water resource ecological compensation needed by the upstream recipients. In order to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism of the basin from the practical aspect. The study shows that the direct cost of Enshi section of Qingjiang River Basin is 733,148,400 yuan/a, and the opportunity cost is 122,243,800 yuan/a. The water quantity apportionment coefficient Kvt (0.27), and the correction coefficient of water quality Kqt (1.075) are introduced into the total cost, and finally the eco-compensation standard based on the correction of the total cost is derived as 33,504.014 million yuan/a. In China, the central financial transfer funds generally require local governments to match according to 1:1, so the compensation amount of 167.5 million yuan accounted for in this paper is not much different from the central budget funds of 129.5 million yuan, which verifies the rationality of the method,but it still indicates that the amount of compensation from the central budget funds should be increased appropriately.