This study aims to ascertain the level of science process skills (SPSs) among pre-service science teachers and to describe how these skills are reflected in their learning approach during the knowledge acquisition process. Additionally, we intend to explore those factors (i.e., those related to cognitive reasoning) that are utilized by pre-service teachers during science experiments conducted at home, in terms of the attainment of SPSs. The course documents of 36 pre-service science teachers were used to help further our understanding of the nature of learning about science through active participation in the inquiry process. Data collection procedures were conducted during a Laboratory Application Course; the participating students were required to undergo the Science Process Skills Test, completed to ascertain their pre-existing skills, as well as a project report investigating the factors affecting plant growth to ascertain levels of SPSs. These data were analyzed using a document analysis method. Data from a Science Process Skills Test were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program, along with the descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that the skills that achieved the highest averages included the formulation of preparation predations, as well as experimentation, while the lowest point averages went to the subcategories of proof through experience and communication. Upon an examination of the project reports, several pre-service teachers soon realized they had made certain errors during the design phase of the experiment, and returned to the initial stage. Still others made errors in the descriptions of variables, findings, and inferences, with the smallest minority committing errors in terms of observation. Students who possessed a meaningful learning approach were deemed as having internalized and recalled concepts in a meaningful way.

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) appropriately and regularly used decreases the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in the bloodstream, preventing HIV-infected people from spreading the infection to others. Disparities in ART adoption persists in East and Southern Africa, with low HIV-positive status knowledge being the primary factor. We investigated individual and household characteristics of HIV-positive status awareness among adults with long-term HIV infection in four East and Southern African countries: Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The study analyzed data from surveys conducted in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe in 2015–2016. Only individuals who tested positive for HIV through rapid tests were included in the analysis. Those who already knew they were HIV-positive were categorized as aware, while those who reported being negative, never tested, or didn’t know their status were categorized as unaware. Statistical models were used to examine various factors related to HIV awareness. Pooled and country-specific odds ratios were computed. The percentage of people who knew they had HIV ranged from 58% (Tanzania and Malawi) to 87% (Eswatini). After adjusting for other variables, young persons in all countries were less likely to be aware of their HIV-positive status. Gender, marital status, education, working status, household wealth, and urbanization level of households were also associated with HIV-positive status awareness but inconsistent across countries. HIV-positive status awareness in these four East and Southern African nations remained unsatisfactory as compared to the United Nations’ 95% guideline, indicating that testing and knowledge of HIV testing in this region still has a lot of potential for improvement. The observed variations among nations may be attributable to differences in HIV pandemic culture and policies. The findings of this study will assist governments determining which subpopulations to target to boost adoption of HIV testing services, as well as in designing and development of policies.

22 Haziran 2020 itibarı ile dünya çapında Covid-19 vaka sayısı 9,072,642; ölüm sayısı 471,176 kişi olup, Türkiye’de vaka sayısı 187,685; ölüm sayısı 4,950’dir (Worldometer, 2020). Çin’in Wuhan kentinde 2019 yılının sonlarında ortaya çıkarak dünyaya yayılan corona virüs sonucu yaşanan kısıtlama ve karantina süreçleri aile dinamiklerini ve çift ilişkilerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Çin’de Covid-19 karantina sürecinde kalan çiftlerde boşanma başvuruları ve aile içi şiddet oranlarında artış gözlemlendi. Çift ilişkileri açısından bu dönem değişime adaptasyon, belirsizlikleri tölere edebilme ve kısıtlamalara uyum sağlama yanında özellikle de duygu düzenleme, stres ve kaygı yönetimi gibi becerilerin etkili bir şekilde kullanımını gerektiren dünya çapında bütün çiftler için kritik bir dönem oldu. Olası krizlere karşı duyguları fark etme, tanımlama, normalleştirme ve dönüştürme gibi beceriler aşırı derecede önem taşır. Özellikle de ilişkilerinde sorun yaşayan çiftler arasında zorluklarla başa çıkmayı gerektiren bu Covid-19 döneminde duygu odaklı yaklaşım hem ilişki bağlarını güçlendirecek hem de dayanıklılığı arttıracak bir yaklaşım olup, ideal bir danışmanlık çerçevesi sunar. Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 sürecinde, ilişkilerinde sorun yaşayan çiftlere yönelik duygu odaklı aile danışmanlığı görüşme süreci, ilke ve teknikleri konusunda literatür bilgisi sunulacaktır.

Over the past four decades, research has underscored the significance of approaching and preventing trauma from a systemic standpoint. Trauma-informed care (TIC) methodologies offer a structure for healthcare practices, striving to convert organizations into trauma-informed systems that employ trauma-specific interventions. This review employs epidemiological and household data from Turkey to underscore the importance of integrating trauma-informed care as a means of prevention and intervention. Through a desk review, the study examines the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), delving into their origin from family dynamics, migration, violence, exposure to violence, juvenile delinquency, and child maltreatment. The research highlights innovative healthcare approaches that leverage data to address complex patient health issues while considering mental health needs. In contemporary times, healthcare organizations acknowledge the value of a data-driven approach to make informed clinical decisions, enhance treatment procedures, and improve overall healthcare outcomes. The reviewed research and empirical data furnish proof of the importance of effective and efficient treatment methods that prioritize trauma prevention and treatment, integrating the role of ACEs. This paper seeks to contribute to discussions on transforming the healthcare system to meet the healthcare needs of Turkish households, all the while taking into account the evolving sociopolitical factors that shape Turkey's population characteristics.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the adult population in T & uuml;rkiye and to examine the relationship of depression with socio-demographic and behavioral variables and chronic diseases.Method: This sturdy utilized data from the 2019 Turkey Health Survey. The Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module (PHQ-8) was employed to assess depressive symptoms in the survey. Based on the analysis using the diagnostic algorithm of the PHQ-8, from a total of 17084 people aged 15+ years old who were, we selected 6.4% individuals with depressive symptoms. Then, we randomly selected 1101 individuals without depressive symptoms, comprising of a total of 2202 individuals as the study sample. We assessed the factors associated with depressive symptoms using multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: The risk of developing depressive symptoms increased with age. Women were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Education, physical activity, and marital status were negatively correlated with reporting depressive symptoms. Further, social support was a protective factor to report depressive symptoms. The presence of chronic diseases was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results showed that point and annual prevalence of depressive symptoms were high. The findings provide a basis for further studies to explore the factors associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in T & uuml;rkiye. Our findings could serve as a reference to monitor depression in the country, as well as help in the planning of health resource and identify high risk segments of the population.

The numbers of diverse students are increasing within the school system, demanding necessary changes in school leadership to meet the needs of students from linguistically diverse backgrounds. This article will discuss the importance of creating a collaborative partnership for linguistically diverse students in order to promote their social integration, school achievement and overall well-being. Exploring school counselors’ and principals role in creating a welcoming school climate towards linguistically diverse students within the school and school community can promote positive organizational culture. Accordingly, the following topics will be explored and discussed: a) principals influence on school achievement through facilitating a collaborative climate and b) how school counselors facilitate leadership as change agents. Both school principals and school counselors work towards achieving similar goals; thus they can facilitate more collaborative leadership as they reach out to the school community. Using a systemic approach, which generates greater understanding and awareness, school counselors and principles play a critical role in the transformation of their school system. When school counselors and principals join forces, students from linguistically diverse backgrounds learn and achieve better. A collaborative school climate is critical in order to develop a positive organizational school culture, which generates motivations for greater connection among the stakeholders.