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Anaerobic processes are proven to have much more environmental and economic benefits than conventional aerobic treatment systems, offering sustainable energy and valuable biochemicals. In recent years, bio-based volatile fatty acid (VFA) production has come into prominence as more value is derived before ending up with other final products. This paper presents a critical review of the research studies on bio-based VFA production from different waste streams (i.e., industrial sludge/waste, organic fraction of municipal solid waste/food waste, municipal wastewater/sludge, combined streams) through anaerobic fermentation. Fundamentals and decisive process parameters (i.e., pH, temperature, retention time, organic loading rate) are reviewed, and their correlations with VFA yields are critically discussed based on 178 cases (156 lab- and 22 pilot-scale). The picture we provided clearly demonstrates that process parameters should be clearly defined and optimized according to the type of waste streams which may have a significant impact on downstream processes in most cases.
Cecilia Bruni; Alessia Foglia; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Çağrı Akyol; Francesco Fatone. Targeted Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Waste Streams through Anaerobic Fermentation: Link between Process Parameters and Operating Scale. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCecilia Bruni, Alessia Foglia, Anna Laura Eusebi, Nicola Frison, Çağrı Akyol, Francesco Fatone. Targeted Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Waste Streams through Anaerobic Fermentation: Link between Process Parameters and Operating Scale. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Bruni; Alessia Foglia; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Çağrı Akyol; Francesco Fatone. 2021. "Targeted Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Waste Streams through Anaerobic Fermentation: Link between Process Parameters and Operating Scale." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , no. : 1.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are versatile biodegradable polymers produced by bacteria and are suitable for many downstream applications. They can be produced inexpensively from mixed microbial cultures under feast and famine conditions in the presence of biobased volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Here, we investigated the effect of changing the sludge retention time (SRT) and the addition of fermented cellulosic primary sludge (CPS) as a carbon source on the selection of PHA-storing biomass when applying the feast and famine strategy under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. Increasing the SRT from 5 to 7–10 days enhanced PHA yields under feast conditions from 0.18 gCODPHA/gCODVFA (period 1) to 0.40 gCODPHA/gCODVFA (period 2). The use of fermented CPS as a carbon source (period 3) increased PHA yields to 0.62 gCODPHA/gCODVFA despite the presence of biodegradable non-VFA fractions. Microbial characterization by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed high microbial speciation during the three experimental periods. In period 3, the dominant genera were Thauera, Paracoccus, and Azoarcus, which accounted for ∼95% of the total microbial biomass.
Nicola Frison; Marco Andreolli; Alice Botturi; Silvia Lampis; Francesco Fatone. Effects of the Sludge Retention Time and Carbon Source on Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Storing Biomass Selection under Aerobic-Feast and Anoxic-Famine Conditions. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2021, 9, 9455 -9464.
AMA StyleNicola Frison, Marco Andreolli, Alice Botturi, Silvia Lampis, Francesco Fatone. Effects of the Sludge Retention Time and Carbon Source on Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Storing Biomass Selection under Aerobic-Feast and Anoxic-Famine Conditions. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2021; 9 (28):9455-9464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Frison; Marco Andreolli; Alice Botturi; Silvia Lampis; Francesco Fatone. 2021. "Effects of the Sludge Retention Time and Carbon Source on Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Storing Biomass Selection under Aerobic-Feast and Anoxic-Famine Conditions." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 28: 9455-9464.
The “European Strategy for plastics” approved by the European Union aims at drastically reducing the use of plastic materials derived from fossil resources, especially single use plastic (SUP). As a consequence, the adoption of biodegradable plastics is forced by different national regulations, especially in France and Italy which banned the usage of single use plastics. Being classified as biodegradable and compostable, the major part of these materials is often collected with the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW), basically due by food waste, and sent to biological treatment plants, namely composting and anaerobic digestion for bioenergy recovery or their combination. This study tested the specific methane production and the relative kinetics of the most common single use biodegradable items (carrier bag, cutlery and plates), available on the market. It was demonstrated that sugar cane cellulosic pulp materials have good methane production of 390 LCH4/kgTVS and a kinetic which is consistent with the anaerobic digestion’s residence time typically applied for OFMSW. On the contrary, starch-based bioplastic and PLA materials remained almost undegraded after 250 days and showed low specific methane production yields in the range 100–200 LCH4/kgTVS. The adoption of acidic and basic pretreatments improved the anaerobic digestion performances of starch-based bioplastic and PLA samples. Materials made of poly-hydroxy-alkanoates (PHA) showed higher methane production rates, up to 402 LCH4/kgTVS in short residence times (around 10 days), which make them adequate to be treated together with food waste in anaerobic digestion plants.
Federico Battista; Nicola Frison; David Bolzonella. Can bioplastics be treated in conventional anaerobic digesters for food waste treatment? Environmental Technology & Innovation 2021, 22, 101393 .
AMA StyleFederico Battista, Nicola Frison, David Bolzonella. Can bioplastics be treated in conventional anaerobic digesters for food waste treatment? Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2021; 22 ():101393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Battista; Nicola Frison; David Bolzonella. 2021. "Can bioplastics be treated in conventional anaerobic digesters for food waste treatment?" Environmental Technology & Innovation 22, no. : 101393.
In this study, the production of polyhydroxyalkanoated PHA-rich microbial biomass as a novel feed additive in aquaculture was investigated at a lab-scale. Bio-based volatile fatty acids (VFAs), obtained from the acidogenic fermentation of agricultural residues in existing anaerobic digestion plants, were used as carbon and energy to cultivate the PHA-rich microbial biomass. The experimental activities were carried out using Thauera sp. Sel9 as pure strain, which was grown in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) operated at three different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The highest productivity obtained of biomass cells was 0.69 g/L day, operating at one day HRT while the observed PHAs production yield was 0.14 gPHA/g soluble COD removed. At these conditions, the PHA concentration in the microbial cells was 41%. Although the sulfur amino acids were available at high concentrations and above the typical concentration found in fishmeal, the amino acids profile of the obtained biomass revealed a lack of histidine and threonine. A preliminary economic analysis showed that the production of a novel source of feed additive from the conversion of agro-residues could give higher benefits in terms of revenues compared to the production of biogas production through anaerobic digestion.
Alice Botturi; Federico Battista; Marco Andreolli; Filippo Faccenda; Salvatore Fusco; David Bolzonella; Silvia Lampis; Nicola Frison. Polyhydroxyalkanoated-Rich Microbial Cells from Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acids as Potential Ingredient for Aquaculture Feed. Energies 2020, 14, 38 .
AMA StyleAlice Botturi, Federico Battista, Marco Andreolli, Filippo Faccenda, Salvatore Fusco, David Bolzonella, Silvia Lampis, Nicola Frison. Polyhydroxyalkanoated-Rich Microbial Cells from Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acids as Potential Ingredient for Aquaculture Feed. Energies. 2020; 14 (1):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Botturi; Federico Battista; Marco Andreolli; Filippo Faccenda; Salvatore Fusco; David Bolzonella; Silvia Lampis; Nicola Frison. 2020. "Polyhydroxyalkanoated-Rich Microbial Cells from Bio-Based Volatile Fatty Acids as Potential Ingredient for Aquaculture Feed." Energies 14, no. 1: 38.
In this study, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production integrated with the via-nitrite nitrogen removal from anaerobic reject water was investigated at pilot scale under long-term period. The pilot plant was located in Carbonera wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (Treviso, Italy) and comprised the following units: i) rotating belt dynamic filter (RBDF) for the recovery of cellulosic primary sludge (CPS); ii) fermentation unit for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs); iii) ultrafiltration unit (UF) for solid/liquid separation of the fermented sludge; iv) nitritation sequencing batch reactor (N-SBR) for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite; v) selection SBR (S-SBR) where aerobic-feast and anoxic-famine conditions were established to select PHA-accumulating biomass and vi) an accumulation SBR (A-SBR) were intracellular PHA content was maximized through the feed-on-demand strategy. Results showed that around 80% of the influent ammonia was efficiently removed by the system when both N-SBR and S-SBR operated with volumetric nitrogen loading rate (vNLR) of 1.64–1.72 kgN/m3 d and 0.60–0.63 kgN/m3 d, respectively. Accumulation tests showed PHA yields ranging between 0.58 and 0.61 g CODPHA/g CODVFA, indicating an effective selection strategy. The overall mass balance assessment demonstrated that around 0.32 g of COD per gram of COD treated can be recovered as bio-based products. The integration of nitrogen removal and PHA production in the sidestream resulted in a methane recovery up to 4.0 m3CH4/PE y and a maximal PHA production of 1.2 kgPHA/PE y with a potential revenue for the WWTP up to 6.5 €/PE y.
Vincenzo Conca; Cinzia da Ros; Francesco Valentino; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Francesco Fatone. Long-term validation of polyhydroxyalkanoates production potential from the sidestream of municipal wastewater treatment plant at pilot scale. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 390, 124627 .
AMA StyleVincenzo Conca, Cinzia da Ros, Francesco Valentino, Anna Laura Eusebi, Nicola Frison, Francesco Fatone. Long-term validation of polyhydroxyalkanoates production potential from the sidestream of municipal wastewater treatment plant at pilot scale. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 390 ():124627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Conca; Cinzia da Ros; Francesco Valentino; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Francesco Fatone. 2020. "Long-term validation of polyhydroxyalkanoates production potential from the sidestream of municipal wastewater treatment plant at pilot scale." Chemical Engineering Journal 390, no. : 124627.
This study combined at pilot scale the recovery of cellulosic primary sludge from the sieving of municipal wastewater followed by the production of bio-based VFAs through acidogenic fermentation. The sieving of municipal wastewater was accomplished by a rotating belt filter which allowed the removal of around 50% of suspended solids when operated at solids loading rates higher than 30–35 kgTSS/m2 h. The solids recovered by sieving contained around 40% of cellulose, which is a suitable raw material for the production of bio-based VFAs. Initially, fermentation batch tests of cellulosic primary sludge were carried out adjusting the initial pH of the sludge at values of 8, 9, 10 and 11, in order to evaluate the best production yields of bio-based VFAs and their composition. The highest VFAs yield achieved was 521 mgCODVFA/gVS occurring when pH was adjusted at 9, while propionic acid reached 51% of the total VFAs. Then, the optimal conditions were applied at long term in a sequencing batch fermentation reactor where the highest potential productivity of bio-based VFAs (2.57 kg COD/m3 d) was obtained by adjusting the pH feeding at 9 and operating with an hydraulic retention time of 6 days under mesophilic conditions. The cost-benefit analyses for the implementation of cellulosic primary sludge recovery was carried out consideringthe anaerobic digestion as reference scenario. The economical assessment showed that the production of bio-based VFAs from cellulosic primary sludge as carbon source and/or as chemical precursors give higher net benefits instead of the only biogas production.
Cinzia Da Ros; Vincenzo Conca; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Francesco Fatone. Sieving of municipal wastewater and recovery of bio-based volatile fatty acids at pilot scale. Water Research 2020, 174, 115633 .
AMA StyleCinzia Da Ros, Vincenzo Conca, Anna Laura Eusebi, Nicola Frison, Francesco Fatone. Sieving of municipal wastewater and recovery of bio-based volatile fatty acids at pilot scale. Water Research. 2020; 174 ():115633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCinzia Da Ros; Vincenzo Conca; Anna Laura Eusebi; Nicola Frison; Francesco Fatone. 2020. "Sieving of municipal wastewater and recovery of bio-based volatile fatty acids at pilot scale." Water Research 174, no. : 115633.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most adopted biotechnology for the valorization of agricultural biomass into valuable products like biogas and digestate, a renewable fertilizer. This paper illustrates in the first part the actual situation of the anaerobic digestion sector in Italy, including the number of plants, their geographical distribution, the installed power and the typical feedstock used. In the second part, a future perspective, independent of the actual incentive scheme, is presented. It emerged that Italy is the second European country for the number of anaerobic digestion plants with more than 1500 units for a total electricity production of about 1400 MWel. More than 60% of them are in the range of 200 kW–1 MW installed power. Almost 70% of the plants are located in the northern part of the Country where intensive agriculture and husbandry are applied. Most of the plants are now using energy crops in the feedstock. The future perspectives of the biogas sector in Italy will necessarily consider a shift from power generation to biomethane production, and an enlargement of the portfolio of possible feedstocks, the recovery of nutrients from digestate in a concentrated form, and the expansion of the AD sector to southern regions. Power to gas and biobased products will complete the future scenario.
Federico Battista; Nicola Frison; David Bolzonella. Energy and Nutrients’ Recovery in Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Biomass: An Italian Perspective for Future Applications. Energies 2019, 12, 3287 .
AMA StyleFederico Battista, Nicola Frison, David Bolzonella. Energy and Nutrients’ Recovery in Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Biomass: An Italian Perspective for Future Applications. Energies. 2019; 12 (17):3287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Battista; Nicola Frison; David Bolzonella. 2019. "Energy and Nutrients’ Recovery in Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Biomass: An Italian Perspective for Future Applications." Energies 12, no. 17: 3287.
BACKGROUNG The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed qualitative and quantitative characterization of different reject water types and to evaluate the effect of temperature and type of external organic carbon source on short‐cut nitrification/denitrification process performance for the treatment of reject water with a high ammonia content. RESULTS According to the results reject water originating from the sludge dewatering unit is characterized by a high ammonium‐nitrogen content which can be further increased upon pre‐treating the sludge in a thermal‐hydrolysis unit, a low carbon to nitrogen ratio, a low biodegradability and contributes approximately 75% of the total ammonium‐nitrogen load of the recycled flows. It is anticipated that process can be sustained even at low temperatures (15oC). Temperature effect on both nitritation/denitritation rates is described by Arrhenius equation with activation energies equal to 37.6 KJ mol‐1 and 39.6 KJ mol‐1 respectively. The addition of an organic carbon source rich in easily biodegradable compounds can provide for the achievement of high denitritation rates (in the order of 10 mgNO2‐N gVSS‐1 h‐1). CONCLUSION An interesting low cost option to reserve on‐site an easily biodegradable organic carbon source by integrating different processes in a wastewater treatment plant is primary sludge hydrolysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Constantinos Noutsopoulos; Daniel Mamais; Evangelos Statiris; Eleftherios Lerias; Simos Malamis; Andreas Andreadakis. Reject water characterization and treatment through short-cut nitrification/denitrification: assessing the effect of temperature and type of substrate. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2018, 93, 3638 -3647.
AMA StyleConstantinos Noutsopoulos, Daniel Mamais, Evangelos Statiris, Eleftherios Lerias, Simos Malamis, Andreas Andreadakis. Reject water characterization and treatment through short-cut nitrification/denitrification: assessing the effect of temperature and type of substrate. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2018; 93 (12):3638-3647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleConstantinos Noutsopoulos; Daniel Mamais; Evangelos Statiris; Eleftherios Lerias; Simos Malamis; Andreas Andreadakis. 2018. "Reject water characterization and treatment through short-cut nitrification/denitrification: assessing the effect of temperature and type of substrate." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 93, no. 12: 3638-3647.
Cellulose from used toilet paper is a major untapped resource embedded in municipal wastewater which recovery and valorization to valuable products can be optimized. Cellulosic primary sludge (CPS) can be separated by upstream dynamic sieving and anaerobically digested to recover methane as much as 4.02 m/capita·year. On the other hand, optimal acidogenic fermenting conditions of CPS allows the production of targeted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as much as 2.92 kg COD/capita·year. Here propionate content can be more than 30% and can optimize the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes or the higher valuable co-polymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, first a full set of batch assays were used at three different temperatures (37, 55 and 70 °C) and three different initial pH (8, 9 and 10) to identify the best conditions for optimizing both the total SCFAs and propionate content from CPS fermentation. Then, the optimal conditions were applied in long term to a Sequencing Batch Fermentation Reactor where the highest propionate production (100-120 mg COD/g TVS·d) was obtained at 37 °C and adjusting the feeding pH at 8. This was attributed to the higher hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulosic materials (up to 44%), which increased the selective growth of Propionibacterium acidopropionici in the fermentation broth up to 34%. At the same time, around 88% of the phosphorus released during the acidogenic fermentation was recovered as much as 0.15 kg of struvite per capita·year. Finally, the potential market value was preliminary estimated for the recovered materials that can triple over the conventional scenario of biogas recovery in existing municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Dafne Crutchik; Nicola Frison; Anna Laura Eusebi; Francesco Fatone. Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery. Water Research 2018, 136, 112 -119.
AMA StyleDafne Crutchik, Nicola Frison, Anna Laura Eusebi, Francesco Fatone. Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery. Water Research. 2018; 136 ():112-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDafne Crutchik; Nicola Frison; Anna Laura Eusebi; Francesco Fatone. 2018. "Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery." Water Research 136, no. : 112-119.
This study focused on the treatment of psychrophilic anaerobic digestate from pig slurry digestion through a single-stage Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) accomplishing the autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR). In period 1, the combination of the high sludge retention time (>50 days) and the presence of significant concentrations of biodegradable organic carbon favoured the uncontrolled growth of the denitrifying bacteria (HDB) and the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), affecting negatively the deammonification (DAM) activity from 14 to 15 mgN/gMLVSS·h to only 2.2 mgN/gMLVSS·h. In Period 2, the sieving of the suspended biomass at 125 µm was evaluated to enhance the retention time of DAM microrganisms in granular sludge into the SBR. This strategy allowed the recovery of 60% of the initial specific deammonification activity (sDAA) and to promote the wash-out of the NOB, obtaining a nitrogen removal efficiency of 81%. This method was never applied to increase the robustness and reliability of ANR during the treatment of livestock streams, so it could be considered after optimization as a potential option to increase the sustainability of smaller and local farms.
Nicola Frison; Simos Malamis; Evina Katsou; David Bolzonella; Francesco Fatone. Enhanced retention of deammonification microorganisms for the treatment of psycrophilic anaerobic digestate. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 344, 633 -639.
AMA StyleNicola Frison, Simos Malamis, Evina Katsou, David Bolzonella, Francesco Fatone. Enhanced retention of deammonification microorganisms for the treatment of psycrophilic anaerobic digestate. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018; 344 ():633-639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Frison; Simos Malamis; Evina Katsou; David Bolzonella; Francesco Fatone. 2018. "Enhanced retention of deammonification microorganisms for the treatment of psycrophilic anaerobic digestate." Chemical Engineering Journal 344, no. : 633-639.
In this work, different backwash (BW) schemes were applied on identical hollow fiber (HF) membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater. The effect of BW duration (1 min, 3 min and 8 min) and water temperature (8 °C, 18 °C, 28 °C and 38 °C) on membrane fouling were investigated. Specifically, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) drop and the membrane permeability increase caused by the BW was investigated. Furthermore, the time required for the membrane to return to the state just before each BW experiment, was also examined. It was found that membranes presented better operating performance, as the BW temperature and the backwash duration were increased. Specifically, for 1 min backwash duration at the BW temperatures of 8 °C, 18 °C, 28 °C and 38 °C, TMP decreased by 7.1%, 8.7%, 11.2% and 14.2% respectively. For 8 min BW duration at 8 °C, 18 °C, 28 °C and 38 °C, TMP values decreased by 12%, 17.5%, 23.7% and 30.2% respectively. Increased BW water temperature and duration also improved the membrane permeability. Using higher BW water temperatures, more hours were required to return the membranes to the condition just before cleaning. The selected BW water temperatures did not adversely affect the permeate quality.
Loukas Lintzos; Kostas Chatzikonstantinou; Nikolaos Tzamtzis; Simos Malamis. Influence of the Backwash Cleaning Water Temperature on the Membrane Performance in a Pilot SMBR Unit. Water 2018, 10, 238 .
AMA StyleLoukas Lintzos, Kostas Chatzikonstantinou, Nikolaos Tzamtzis, Simos Malamis. Influence of the Backwash Cleaning Water Temperature on the Membrane Performance in a Pilot SMBR Unit. Water. 2018; 10 (3):238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoukas Lintzos; Kostas Chatzikonstantinou; Nikolaos Tzamtzis; Simos Malamis. 2018. "Influence of the Backwash Cleaning Water Temperature on the Membrane Performance in a Pilot SMBR Unit." Water 10, no. 3: 238.
A modified anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) combined with a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was applied to treat municipal wastewater. The performance of this process was examined in terms of the removal of organic matter, suspended solids, turbidity and nitrogen. The raw wastewater was fed to the 105 L ABR and then the treated effluent was driven to a 58 L MBR equipped with a submerged hollow fibre ultrafiltration membrane module. The integrated modified ABR–MBR process resulted in the complete removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and in very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (93.3 ± 3.8%). Furthermore, the recycling of mixed liquor from the MBR to the modified ABR resulted in some denitrification occurring in the first compartment of the ABR, resulting in 53 ± 6% removal of nitrogen by the integrated process. The membrane flux was stable and above 20 L/m2h. Membrane examination at the nanoscale indicated the deposition of small particles on the surface of the membranes.
Hung-Nien Sung; Evina Katsou; Evangelos Statiris; Lorna Anguilano; Simos Malamis. Operation of a modified anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Taiwan. Environmental Technology 2018, 40, 1233 -1238.
AMA StyleHung-Nien Sung, Evina Katsou, Evangelos Statiris, Lorna Anguilano, Simos Malamis. Operation of a modified anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Taiwan. Environmental Technology. 2018; 40 (10):1233-1238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Nien Sung; Evina Katsou; Evangelos Statiris; Lorna Anguilano; Simos Malamis. 2018. "Operation of a modified anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Taiwan." Environmental Technology 40, no. 10: 1233-1238.
In this work, the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process was investigated. The inhibition of the aerobic oxidation of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification were examined in batch reactors by measuring the specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR), the specific ammonium uptake rate (sAUR) and the specific nitrogen uptake rate (sNUR) respectively. The tested cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol concentrations were 0.2-1.7 mg/L, 4.8-73.1 mg/L and 8.2-73.0 mg/L respectively. Cyanide was highly toxic as it significantly (>50%) inhibited the activity of autotrophic biomass, heterotrophic biomass under aerobic conditions and denitrifiers even at relatively low concentrations (1.0-1.7 mgCN/L). The determination of the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC) confirmed this, since for cyanide IC values were very low for the examined bioprocesses (25 mg/L) for the tested bioprocesses since appreciable concentrations were required to accomplish significant inhibition. The autotrophic bacteria were more sensitive to phenol than the aerobic heterotrophs. The denitrifiers were found to be very resistant to phenol.
Vassilis Inglezakis; S. Malamis; A. Omirkhan; J. Nauruzbayeva; Z. Makhtayeva; T. Seidakhmetov; A. Kudarova. Investigating the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process employed for the treatment of petroleum wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 203, 825 -830.
AMA StyleVassilis Inglezakis, S. Malamis, A. Omirkhan, J. Nauruzbayeva, Z. Makhtayeva, T. Seidakhmetov, A. Kudarova. Investigating the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process employed for the treatment of petroleum wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 203 ():825-830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVassilis Inglezakis; S. Malamis; A. Omirkhan; J. Nauruzbayeva; Z. Makhtayeva; T. Seidakhmetov; A. Kudarova. 2017. "Investigating the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process employed for the treatment of petroleum wastewater." Journal of Environmental Management 203, no. : 825-830.
This study assesses from an environmental perspective two different configurations for the combined treatment of wastewater and domestic organic waste (DOW) in a small and decentralised community having a population of 2000. The applied schemes consist of an upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) as core treatment process. Scheme A integrates membranes with the anaerobic treatment; while in Scheme B biological removal of nutrients in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is applied as a post treatment to UASB effluent. In energy-related categories, the main contributor is electricity consumption (producing 18-50% of the impacts); whereas in terms of eutrophication-related categories, the discharge of the treated effluent arises as a major hotspot (with 57-99% of the impacts). Scheme B consumes 25% more electricity and produces 40% extra sludge than Scheme A, resulting in worse environmental results for those energy categories. However, the environmental impact due to the discharge of the treated effluent is 75% lower in eutrophication categories due to the removal of nutrients. In addition, the quality of the final effluent in Scheme B would allow its use for irrigation (9.6 mg N/L and 2 mg P/L) if proper tertiary treatment and disinfection are provided, expanding its potential adoption at a wider scale. Direct emissions due to the dissolved methane in the UASB effluent have a significant environmental impact in climate change (23-26%). Additionally, the study shows the environmental feasibility of the use of food waste disposers for DOW collection in different integration rates.
Lucía Lijó; Simos Malamis; Sara González-García; Maria Teresa Moreira; Francesco Fatone; Evina Katsou. Decentralised schemes for integrated management of wastewater and domestic organic waste: the case of a small community. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 203, 732 -740.
AMA StyleLucía Lijó, Simos Malamis, Sara González-García, Maria Teresa Moreira, Francesco Fatone, Evina Katsou. Decentralised schemes for integrated management of wastewater and domestic organic waste: the case of a small community. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 203 ():732-740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucía Lijó; Simos Malamis; Sara González-García; Maria Teresa Moreira; Francesco Fatone; Evina Katsou. 2017. "Decentralised schemes for integrated management of wastewater and domestic organic waste: the case of a small community." Journal of Environmental Management 203, no. : 732-740.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important pollutant which is emitted during the biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes of wastewater treatment. Since it has a greenhouse effect which is 265 times higher than carbon dioxide, even relatively small amounts can result in a significant carbon footprint. Biological nitrogen (N) removal conventionally occurs with nitrification/denitrification, yet also through advanced processes such as nitritation/denitritation and completely autotrophic N-removal. The microbial pathways leading to the N2O emission include hydroxylamine oxidation and nitrifier denitrification, both activated by ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and heterotrophic denitrification. In this work, a critical review of the existing literature on N2O emissions during BNR is presented focusing on the most contributing parameters. Various factors increasing the N2O emissions either per se or combined are identified: low dissolved oxygen, high nitrite accumulation, low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio, slow growth of denitrifying bacteria, uncontrolled pH and temperature. However, there is no common pattern in reporting the N2O generation amongst the cited studies, a fact that complicates its evaluation. When simulating N2O emissions, all microbial pathways along with the potential contribution of abiotic N2O production during wastewater treatment at different dissolved oxygen/nitrite levels should be considered. The undeniable validation of the robustness of such models calls for reliable quantification techniques which simultaneously describe dissolved and gaseous N2O dynamics. Thus, the choice of the N-removal process, the optimal selection of operational parameters and the establishment of validated dynamic models combining multiple N2O pathways are essential for studying the emissions mitigation.
Theoni Maria Massara; Simos Malamis; Albert Guisasola; Juan Antonio Baeza; Constantinos Noutsopoulos; Evina Katsou. A review on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions during biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and sludge reject water. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 596-597, 106 -123.
AMA StyleTheoni Maria Massara, Simos Malamis, Albert Guisasola, Juan Antonio Baeza, Constantinos Noutsopoulos, Evina Katsou. A review on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions during biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and sludge reject water. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 596-597 ():106-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheoni Maria Massara; Simos Malamis; Albert Guisasola; Juan Antonio Baeza; Constantinos Noutsopoulos; Evina Katsou. 2017. "A review on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions during biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and sludge reject water." Science of The Total Environment 596-597, no. : 106-123.
Pawel Krzeminski; Evina Katsou; Carlos Dosoretz; Ana Lorena Esteban-García; Lance Leverette; Simos Malamis; Valentin Nenov; Ángel Robles; Aurora Seco; Eoin Syron. Membranes in wastewater treatment. Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment 2017, 129 -154.
AMA StylePawel Krzeminski, Evina Katsou, Carlos Dosoretz, Ana Lorena Esteban-García, Lance Leverette, Simos Malamis, Valentin Nenov, Ángel Robles, Aurora Seco, Eoin Syron. Membranes in wastewater treatment. Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment. 2017; ():129-154.
Chicago/Turabian StylePawel Krzeminski; Evina Katsou; Carlos Dosoretz; Ana Lorena Esteban-García; Lance Leverette; Simos Malamis; Valentin Nenov; Ángel Robles; Aurora Seco; Eoin Syron. 2017. "Membranes in wastewater treatment." Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment , no. : 129-154.
This chapter gives an overview on the main technologies for nutrient removal from industrial wastewater by focusing on principles and operational parameters of real applications. A plethora of technologies can achieve the nutrients removal from wastewater depending mainly on their concentration and forms; however, biological nitrification and denitrification and chemical precipitation are the most common processes used today to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Stripping, adsorption and membrane based processes for nutrients recovery can be economically viable only when nitrogen concentration is higher than 1.5-2 gN/L. On the other hand, phosphorus recovery should always be pursued and struvite crystalization is the most common option that should be evaluated together with biological phosphorus accumulation in sludge or plants for the following post-processing and valorization.
Dafne Crutchik Pedemonte; Nicola Frison; Carlota Tayà; Sergio Ponsá; Francesco Fatone. Chemical and Biological Processes for Nutrients Removal and Recovery. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies 2017, 76 -111.
AMA StyleDafne Crutchik Pedemonte, Nicola Frison, Carlota Tayà, Sergio Ponsá, Francesco Fatone. Chemical and Biological Processes for Nutrients Removal and Recovery. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. 2017; ():76-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDafne Crutchik Pedemonte; Nicola Frison; Carlota Tayà; Sergio Ponsá; Francesco Fatone. 2017. "Chemical and Biological Processes for Nutrients Removal and Recovery." Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies , no. : 76-111.
Microalgae are fast-growing photosynthetic organisms which have the potential to be exploited as an alternative source of liquid fuels to meet growing global energy demand. The cultivation of microalgae, however, still needs to be improved in order to reduce the cost of the biomass produced. Among the major costs encountered for algal cultivation are the costs for nutrients such as CO2, nitrogen and phosphorous. In this work, therefore, different microalgal strains were cultivated using as nutrient sources three different anaerobic digestates deriving from municipal wastewater, sewage sludge or agro-waste treatment plants. In particular, anaerobic digestates deriving from agro-waste or sewage sludge treatment induced a more than 300% increase in lipid production per volume in Chlorella vulgaris cultures grown in a closed photobioreactor, and a strong increase in carotenoid accumulation in different microalgae species. Conversely, a digestate originating from a pilot scale anaerobic upflow sludge blanket (UASB) was used to increase biomass production when added to an artificial nutrient-supplemented medium. The results herein demonstrate the possibility of improving biomass accumulation or lipid production using different anaerobic digestates.
Luca Zuliani; Nicola Frison; Aleksandra Jelic; Francesco Fatone; David Bolzonella; Matteo Ballottari. Microalgae Cultivation on Anaerobic Digestate of Municipal Wastewater, Sewage Sludge and Agro-Waste. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2016, 17, 1692 .
AMA StyleLuca Zuliani, Nicola Frison, Aleksandra Jelic, Francesco Fatone, David Bolzonella, Matteo Ballottari. Microalgae Cultivation on Anaerobic Digestate of Municipal Wastewater, Sewage Sludge and Agro-Waste. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17 (10):1692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Zuliani; Nicola Frison; Aleksandra Jelic; Francesco Fatone; David Bolzonella; Matteo Ballottari. 2016. "Microalgae Cultivation on Anaerobic Digestate of Municipal Wastewater, Sewage Sludge and Agro-Waste." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1692.
The inhibitory effect of five selected pharmaceuticals on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal bioprocesses was investigated with emphasis on the via nitrite removal pathway. Biomass was collected from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and was spiked with specific pharmaceutical concentrations (10–500 mg L−1). Batch activity tests were conducted to determine the level of inhibition caused by the selected pharmaceuticals and their combinations to the rate of nitritation, denitritation, phosphorus uptake via nitrite and via oxygen and phosphorus release. The highest inhibition of nitritation was observed when 250 mg L−1 of ibuprofen mg L−1 and 250 of paracetamol were added. Out of the 12 different combination that were tested, sPRR was the bioprocess that was least inhibited by the pharmaceuticals in 4 cases (p < 0.05), while the aerobic phosphorus uptake was the most severely inhibited bioprocess in 4 cases (p < 0.05). In most cases, anoxic phosphorus uptake via nitrite was more tolerant compared to aerobic phosphorus uptake. Thus, its implementation is more favorable for the treatment of effluents with high pharmaceutical concentrations.
E. Katsou; T. Alvarino; S. Malamis; S. Suarez; N. Frison; F. Omil; F. Fatone. Effects of selected pharmaceuticals on nitrogen and phosphorus removal bioprocesses. Chemical Engineering Journal 2016, 295, 509 -517.
AMA StyleE. Katsou, T. Alvarino, S. Malamis, S. Suarez, N. Frison, F. Omil, F. Fatone. Effects of selected pharmaceuticals on nitrogen and phosphorus removal bioprocesses. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2016; 295 ():509-517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Katsou; T. Alvarino; S. Malamis; S. Suarez; N. Frison; F. Omil; F. Fatone. 2016. "Effects of selected pharmaceuticals on nitrogen and phosphorus removal bioprocesses." Chemical Engineering Journal 295, no. : 509-517.
A novel scheme was developed for the treatment of municipal wastewater integrating nitritation/denitritation with the selection of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storing biomass under an aerobic/anoxic, feast/famine regime. The process took place in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the subsequent PHA accumulation in a batch reactor. The carbon source added during the selection and accumulation steps consisted of fermentation liquid from the organic fraction of municipal solids waste (OFMSW FL) (Period I) and OFMSW and primary sludge fermentation liquid (Period II). Selection of PHA storing biomass was successful and denitritation was driven by internally stored PHA during the famine phase. Under optimum conditions of SBR operation ammonia removal was 93%, reaching a maximum nitrite removal of 98%. The treated effluent met the nitrogen limits, while PHA-storing biomass was successfully selected. The maximum accumulation of PHA was 10.6% (wt.) since the nutrients present in the carbon source promoted bacterial growth.
N. Basset; E. Katsou; Nicola Frison; S. Malamis; Joan Dosta; Francesco Fatone. Integrating the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite in the main wastewater treatment line. Bioresource Technology 2015, 200, 820 -829.
AMA StyleN. Basset, E. Katsou, Nicola Frison, S. Malamis, Joan Dosta, Francesco Fatone. Integrating the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite in the main wastewater treatment line. Bioresource Technology. 2015; 200 ():820-829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Basset; E. Katsou; Nicola Frison; S. Malamis; Joan Dosta; Francesco Fatone. 2015. "Integrating the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite in the main wastewater treatment line." Bioresource Technology 200, no. : 820-829.