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Despite controversy about the actual capacity of sediments to accumulate pharmaceuticals, the presence of those emergent pollutants in river, estuarine, and coastal sediments has been stated by several research works. Nevertheless, information about the effect of pharmaceuticals on sediment-inhabiting organisms (fauna and flora) is still scarce and disperse. In this chapter, references regarding the effects of different pharmaceutical compounds are gathered and ordered by the main organism groups (bacteria, algae, platyhelminthes, polychaete, mollusks, cnidarians, crustaceans, echinoderms, and chordata), demonstrating that there is a wide variety of effects and some specificity in the pharmaceutical sensitivity for each different biological group. At the end of this chapter, brief consideration is made about the future perspective regarding new bioassays developed to increase environmental relevance of results on pharmaceutical toxicity tests.
Marta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Pharmaceuticals and aquatic benthic organisms: Toxicity and accumulation. Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments 2021, 501 -519.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Pharmaceuticals and aquatic benthic organisms: Toxicity and accumulation. Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments. 2021; ():501-519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. 2021. "Pharmaceuticals and aquatic benthic organisms: Toxicity and accumulation." Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments , no. : 501-519.
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.
Cristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics 2020, 8, 118 .
AMA StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo, Abdelmourhit Laissaoui, Daniel C. V. R. Silva, Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez, Enrique González-Ortegón, Evaldo L. G. Espíndola, Francisco Baldó, Freylan Mena, Gema Parra, Julián Blasco, Julio López-Doval, Marta Sendra, Mohamed Banni, Mohammed Ariful Islam, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics. 2020; 8 (4):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. 2020. "Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?" Toxics 8, no. 4: 118.
Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in aquatic environments is a topic of emerging concern due to the internalization, retention time and effects of these particles in aquatic biota. Bivalves are considered bioindicators due to their wide distribution, sessile behaviour, occupation of ecological niches and ability to filter a large water volume. The study of microplastics and nanoplastics in bivalves has revealed the uptake mechanisms, internalization, distribution and depuration of these particles as well as their effects on physiological parameters, morphological alterations, immunotoxicity and changes in gene expression and proteomic profiles. In this review, we examine the primary characteristics of microplastics and nanoplastics (type of material, size, coating, density, additives and shapes) involved in their possible toxicity in bivalves. Furthermore, secondary characteristics such as the suspension media, aggregation stage and adsorption of persistent pollutants were also recorded to assess the impact of these materials on bivalves. Here, we have highlighted the efforts exerted thus far and the remaining gaps in understanding the extent of microplastic and nanoplastic impacts on bivalves on the basis of laboratory experiments and mesocosm bioassays and in the field. Furthermore, further microplastic and nanoplastic toxicological studies are proposed to facilitate the realistic assessment of environmental risk.
M. Sendra; E. Sparaventi; B. Novoa; A. Figueras. An overview of the internalization and effects of microplastics and nanoplastics as pollutants of emerging concern in bivalves. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 753, 142024 .
AMA StyleM. Sendra, E. Sparaventi, B. Novoa, A. Figueras. An overview of the internalization and effects of microplastics and nanoplastics as pollutants of emerging concern in bivalves. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 753 ():142024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sendra; E. Sparaventi; B. Novoa; A. Figueras. 2020. "An overview of the internalization and effects of microplastics and nanoplastics as pollutants of emerging concern in bivalves." Science of The Total Environment 753, no. : 142024.
Plastic represents 60-80% of litter in the ocean. Degradation of plastic to small fragments leads to the formation of microplastics (MPs <5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs <1 µm). One of the most widely used and representative plastics found in the ocean is polystyrene (PS). Among marine organisms, the immune system of bivalves is recognized as suitable to assess nanomaterial toxicity. Hemocyte subpopulations [R1 (large granular cells), R2 (small semi-granular cells) and R3 (small agranular or hyaline cells)] of Mytilus galloprovincialis are specialized in particular tasks and functions. The authors propose to examine the effects of different sizes (50 nm, 100 nm and 1 μm) PS NPs on the different immune cells of mussels when they were exposed to (1 and 10 mg·L−1) of PS NPs. The most noteworthy results found in this work are: (i) 1 µm PS NPs provoked higher immunological responses with respect to 50 and 100 nm PS NPs, possibly related to the higher stability in size and shape in hemolymph serum, (ii) the R1 subpopulation was the most affected with respect to R2 and R3 concerning immunological responses and (iii) an increase in the release of toxic radicals, apoptotic signals, tracking of lysosomes and a decrease in phagocytic activity was found in R1.
Marta Sendra; María Isabel Carrasco-Braganza; Pilar María Yeste; Marta Vila; Julián Blasco. Immunotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in different hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -14.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, María Isabel Carrasco-Braganza, Pilar María Yeste, Marta Vila, Julián Blasco. Immunotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in different hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; María Isabel Carrasco-Braganza; Pilar María Yeste; Marta Vila; Julián Blasco. 2020. "Immunotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in different hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-14.
Plastic litter is an issue of global concern. In this work Mytilus galloprovincialis was used to study the distribution and effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) of different sizes (50 nm, 100 nm and 1 μm) on immune cells. Internalization and translocation of NPs to hemolymph were carried out by in vivo experiments, while endocytic routes and effects of PS NPs on hemocytes were studied in vitro. The smallest PS NPs tested were detected in the digestive gland and muscle. A fast and size-dependent translocation of PS NPs to the hemolymph was recorded after 3 h of exposure. The internalization rate of 50 nm PS NPs was lower when caveolae and clathrin endocytosis pathways were inhibited. On the other hand, the internalization of larger particles decreased when phagocytosis was inhibited. The hemocytes exposed to NPs had changes in motility, apoptosis, ROS and phagocytic capacity. However, they showed resilience when were infected with bacteria after PS NP exposure being able to recover their phagocytic capacity although the expression of the antimicrobial peptide Myticin C was reduced. Our findings show for the first time the translocation of PS NPs into hemocytes and how their effects trigger the loss of its functional parameters.
Marta Sendra; A. Saco; M.P. Yeste; A. Romero; B. Novoa; A. Figueras. Nanoplastics: From tissue accumulation to cell translocation into Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. resilience of immune cells exposed to nanoplastics and nanoplastics plus Vibrio splendidus combination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 388, 121788 .
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, A. Saco, M.P. Yeste, A. Romero, B. Novoa, A. Figueras. Nanoplastics: From tissue accumulation to cell translocation into Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. resilience of immune cells exposed to nanoplastics and nanoplastics plus Vibrio splendidus combination. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 388 ():121788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; A. Saco; M.P. Yeste; A. Romero; B. Novoa; A. Figueras. 2019. "Nanoplastics: From tissue accumulation to cell translocation into Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. resilience of immune cells exposed to nanoplastics and nanoplastics plus Vibrio splendidus combination." Journal of Hazardous Materials 388, no. : 121788.
Nanoplastics (NPs) have become one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays. The environmental issues linked to NPs are attributed to the effects after ingestion in marine organisms. Due to the incipient and controversial information about the effects of PS NPs on the feeding of organisms, the aim of this work is to assess (i) digestion dynamics of Artemia franciscana when exposed to PS NPs as the lowest concentration of PS NPs reported in toxicity test [0 (control), 0.006 and 0.6 mg·L-1] and possible interferences in the ingestion of microalgae and (ii) the accumulation and depuration of PS NPs by A. franciscana. Artemia were subjected to ingestion experiments [24 h and 3.5 h], in which the organisms were exposed to PS NPs or to PS NPs + microalgae. Post-exposure feeding (24 h exposure and 2 h feeding) and depuration (24 h exposure and 24 h of depuration) were also carried out. More than 90% of the PS NPs were ingested by Artemia and bioaccumulated in the mandible, stomach, gut, tail gut and appendages after 24 h. The ingestion of microalgae was not affected by the presence of the PS NPs. Data of post-exposure feeding indicated that Artemia previously exposed to plastic and/or microalgae presented similar microalgal ingestion (around 70%); the highest microalgal consumption (around 90%) was recorded in the treatment in which Artemia were previously starved (no plastic and no microalgae). The presence of PS NPs in the gut after the depuration experiments indicates that 24 h was not enough to eliminate the PS NPs.
Marta Sendra; Erica Sparaventi; Julián Blasco; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Cristiano Araújo. Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 188, 109853 .
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Erica Sparaventi, Julián Blasco, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, Cristiano Araújo. Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 188 ():109853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Erica Sparaventi; Julián Blasco; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Cristiano Araújo. 2019. "Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 188, no. : 109853.
Silver is a ubiquitous metal in the marine environment which can be accumulated by marine organisms. In order to assess the effect of dissolved silver (AgD) and AgNPs in R. philippinarum, the organisms were exposed to 20 μg L−1 of AgD and AgNPs (15 nm) over 7 days. Bioaccumulation of the metal and oxidative and detoxification biomarkers were studied in control and exposed clams. Ag was accumulated in gills and digestive glands. Results for biochemical biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activity, lipid peroxidation and metallothionein provoked a general increase in the integrated biomarker response index (IBR) values) indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the clams exposed to both Ag treatments. Therefore, the presence of Ag forms at the tested concentration in the aquatic medium represent a risk for R. philippinarum.
Fatma Aouini; Chiara Trombini; Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco. Biochemical response of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum to silver (AgD and AgNPs) exposure and application of an integrated biomarker response approach. Marine Environmental Research 2019, 152, 104783 .
AMA StyleFatma Aouini, Chiara Trombini, Marta Sendra, Julian Blasco. Biochemical response of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum to silver (AgD and AgNPs) exposure and application of an integrated biomarker response approach. Marine Environmental Research. 2019; 152 ():104783.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatma Aouini; Chiara Trombini; Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco. 2019. "Biochemical response of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum to silver (AgD and AgNPs) exposure and application of an integrated biomarker response approach." Marine Environmental Research 152, no. : 104783.
Microalgae are the basis of the aquatic food webs. Perturbations of phytoplankton communities as a consequence of the occurrence of toxic compounds can affect both the structure and the function of the whole ecosystem. Nowadays, the wide use of metal (Me-ENPs) and metal oxide (MeO-ENPs) engineered nanoparticles have increased the release of such nanomaterials to the aquatic ecosystems affecting both fresh and seawater phytoplankton species. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the intrinsic (e.g. particle size, specific surface area, shape, zeta potential, water solubility, photocatalytic activity, crystallization, purity, redox potential, and coating composition) and extrinsic factors (chemical transformations, agglomeration/aggregation, redox stage, eco-corona formation) that affect the toxicity of Me-ENPs and MeO-ENPs. The mechanisms involved in the internalization of NPs, their toxic effect (e.g. ROS production, ultrastructure changes, cell viability, DNA damage) and to counteract them (e.g. EPS production) are discussed. Finally, general aspects, related to the improvement of ENPs toxicity tests, climate changes effects, and trophic transfer are considered.
Marta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno; Julian Blasco. Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles to Phytoplankton. Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems 2019, 1 -37.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Ignacio Moreno, Julian Blasco. Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles to Phytoplankton. Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems. 2019; ():1-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno; Julian Blasco. 2019. "Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles to Phytoplankton." Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems , no. : 1-37.
The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) is a marine invasive species cultured all over the world. Mussels are an appreciated resource in local aquaculture enterprises because of their robust production and resilience that translates into a reliable economic value. So far, no massive mortalities have been reported in natural or cultured populations of this species. In the last years, the knowledge about its immune system has greatly improved but there are still many questions to be answered. One of them is why mussels, with their high filtering activity, are able to be exposed to a high number of potential pathogens without getting infected and without developing an elevated inflammatory response. The sequencing of the mussel genome has revealed a very complex organization with high heterozygosity, abundance of repetitive sequences and extreme intraspecific sequence diversity among individuals, mainly in immune related genes. Among those genes, antimicrobial peptides are the most expressed gene families in mussels, highly polymorphic and with antimicrobial effect against molluscs pathogens, but also against pathogens of lower vertebrates and humans. The combination of a complex genome with the adaptation of mussel immune system to a changing environment could explain this high variability, not only in immune-related genes, but also in the functional response among individuals sampled in the same location and date.
Antonio Figueras; Rebeca Moreira; Marta Sendra; Beatriz Novoa. Genomics and immunity of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a changing environment. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2019, 90, 440 -445.
AMA StyleAntonio Figueras, Rebeca Moreira, Marta Sendra, Beatriz Novoa. Genomics and immunity of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a changing environment. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2019; 90 ():440-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Figueras; Rebeca Moreira; Marta Sendra; Beatriz Novoa. 2019. "Genomics and immunity of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a changing environment." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 90, no. : 440-445.
In this study, the acute toxicity of microplastics (MPs) on unicellular organisms as marine decomposers and microalgae was assessed, by evaluating standards endpoints included in International Standard Organization (ISO) protocols. The bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were exposed to different sizes (1–500 μm) of polyethylene MPs in order to evaluate bioluminescence inhibition and microalgal growth. No acute toxicity was found on bacteria or microalgae in an order of magnitude above environmentally relevant concentrations, suggesting that tested MPs did not affect the investigated biological processes. In conclusion, standard ecotoxicological endpoints are not sufficiently sensitive to assess the potential effects of MPs on decomposers and primary producers, conversely to nanoplastics. These findings highlight that the current approach for MP risk assessment in unicellular species should be revised, by providing alternative endpoints to be included in standardized protocols, able to monitor the fate and biological effects of MPs.
Chiara Gambardella; Veronica Piazza; Marina Albentosa; Maria Bebianno; Cátia Cardoso; Marco Faimali; Francesca Garaventa; Soledad Garrido; Sergio González; Sara Pérez; Marta Sendra; Ricardo Beiras. Microplastics do not affect standard ecotoxicological endpoints in marine unicellular organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019, 143, 140 -143.
AMA StyleChiara Gambardella, Veronica Piazza, Marina Albentosa, Maria Bebianno, Cátia Cardoso, Marco Faimali, Francesca Garaventa, Soledad Garrido, Sergio González, Sara Pérez, Marta Sendra, Ricardo Beiras. Microplastics do not affect standard ecotoxicological endpoints in marine unicellular organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2019; 143 ():140-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Gambardella; Veronica Piazza; Marina Albentosa; Maria Bebianno; Cátia Cardoso; Marco Faimali; Francesca Garaventa; Soledad Garrido; Sergio González; Sara Pérez; Marta Sendra; Ricardo Beiras. 2019. "Microplastics do not affect standard ecotoxicological endpoints in marine unicellular organisms." Marine Pollution Bulletin 143, no. : 140-143.
Nowadays, the occurrence of a large volume of plastic litter in oceanic and coastal zones has increased concern about its impacts on marine organisms. The degradation of plastic polymers leads to the formation of smaller fragments at both micro and nano scale (<5 mm and <1 μm respectively). Nanoplastics (NPs), due to their smaller size and high specific surface area can establish colloidal interactions with marine microalgae, therefore potential toxicity can be led. . To assess this hypothesis, the aim of the present study is to examine the behaviour of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) of different sizes (50 and 100 nm) in marine water and their possible effects at different physiological and cellular levels in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Different biomarkers and stress responses in P. tricornutum were analysed when organisms were exposed to environmentally relevant PS NPs concentrations between 0.1 and 50 mg L−1. Our results showed significant differences between controls and exposure microalgae, indicating toxicity. After 24 h, an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers, damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, DNA damage and depolarization of mitochondrial and cell membrane from 5 mg L−1 were observed. Further after 72 h the inhibition of population growth and chlorophyll content were observed. Examining effects the effects related to PS NPs size, the smallest (50 nm) induced greater effects at 24 h while bigger PS NPs (100 nm) at72 h. This bigger particles (100 nm) showed more stability (in size distribution and spherical form) in the different culture media assayed, when compared with the rest of particles used. Strong adsorption and/or internalization of PS NPs was confirmed through changes in cell complexity and cell size as well as the fluorescence of 100 nm fluoresbrite PS NPs after washing cell surface.
Marta Sendra; Eleonora Staffieri; María Pilar Yeste; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; José Manuel Gatica; Ilaria Corsi; Julian Blasco. Are the primary characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastics responsible for toxicity and ad/absorption in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum? Environmental Pollution 2019, 249, 610 -619.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Eleonora Staffieri, María Pilar Yeste, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, José Manuel Gatica, Ilaria Corsi, Julian Blasco. Are the primary characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastics responsible for toxicity and ad/absorption in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum? Environmental Pollution. 2019; 249 ():610-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Eleonora Staffieri; María Pilar Yeste; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; José Manuel Gatica; Ilaria Corsi; Julian Blasco. 2019. "Are the primary characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastics responsible for toxicity and ad/absorption in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum?" Environmental Pollution 249, no. : 610-619.
Cerium nanoparticles (nCeO2) are increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial, environmental and biomedical applications, and are therefore expected to be released in the aquatic environment. Due to its peculiar redox properties, nCeO2 may present unique hazards to environmental and human health. Previous data showed that in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, in vitro exposure to a particular type of nCeO2 (9 nm, characterized by negative ζ-potential, high H2O2 scavenging capacity and Ce3+/Ce4+ surface ratio) reduced basal ROS production, lysosomal membrane stability and phagocytic activity in the presence of hemolymph serum; the effects observed were partly ascribed to the formation of a SOD-protein corona in the hemolymph. In this work, the in vivo effects of this type of nCeO2 were investigated in mussels exposed to 100 μg/L nCeO2 for 96 h; several lysosomal, immune, inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers were measured at cellular (hemocytes) and tissue (gills, digestive gland) level. Molecular responses were evaluated in hemocytes and digestive gland by determining expression of 11 selected genes related to known biological functions. The results show specific immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of nCeO2 at different levels of biological organization in the absence of Cerium tissue accumulation. These data further support the redox mechanisms at the basis of the physiological effects of nCeO2. Finally, in order to evaluate the possible impact at the whole organism level, the effects of nCeO2 were evaluated in the 48 h embryotoxicity assay in a wide concentration range. However, nCeO2 exposure resulted in a small reduction in normal embryo development. Overall, the results demonstrate that in mussels nCeO2 can selectively modulate different physiological processes at different levels of biological organization.
M. Auguste; T. Balbi; M. Montagna; R. Fabbri; Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco; L. Canesi. In vivo immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of nanoceria (nCeO2) in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 2019, 219, 95 -102.
AMA StyleM. Auguste, T. Balbi, M. Montagna, R. Fabbri, Marta Sendra, Julian Blasco, L. Canesi. In vivo immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of nanoceria (nCeO2) in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2019; 219 ():95-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Auguste; T. Balbi; M. Montagna; R. Fabbri; Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco; L. Canesi. 2019. "In vivo immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of nanoceria (nCeO2) in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 219, no. : 95-102.
Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles. Ecological Indicators 2018, 95, 1053 -1067.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Julian Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles. Ecological Indicators. 2018; 95 ():1053-1067.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2018. "Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles." Ecological Indicators 95, no. : 1053-1067.
Erythromycin has been recorded in coastal waters and could pose a severe threat to marine microbial life. Macrolides such as erythromycin may affect microalgae by inhibiting the pathways involved in protein synthesis. Toxicological testing of microalgae has proven to be a useful tool for the risk assessment of a substance affecting phytoplankton. Due to the controversial results concerning the sensitivity of microalgal species to erythromycin found in the literature, the goals of this work were, initially, to assess the erythromycin sensitivity of different species of marine microalgae from different and representative taxonomic groups; and, secondly, to examine whether the sensitivity to erythromycin could be explained by the differences in the phylogenetic evolution. We chose eight species: two green algae, four heterokonts, one haptophyte and one dinoflagellate, which were then exposed to erythromycin (0.1 to 10 mg L-1). Our results showed a wide range of sensitivities indicating that the biology of each species was primarily responsible for the variation observed. To test the second objective, we contrasted different ecotoxicological endpoints (growth, cellular properties and status of the photosynthetic apparatus) with the phylogenetic distribution [eukaryotic host (concatenated nuclear tree), evolutionary history of the chloroplast (16S tree), efficiency and repair of photosystem II (psbA tree), and the binding site of erythromycin (23S tree)] of the species. We found that the growth inhibition of microalgae as a toxicological endpoint was the endpoint best explained by the topology of the 23S rRNA gene tree when it was modelled following a non-stationary evolutionary process.
Marta Sendra; Alejandro Damián-Serrano; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Julián Blasco. Erythromycin sensitivity across different taxa of marine phytoplankton. A novel approach to sensitivity of microalgae and the evolutionary history of the 23S gene. Aquatic Toxicology 2018, 204, 190 -196.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Alejandro Damián-Serrano, Cristiano V.M. Araújo, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, Julián Blasco. Erythromycin sensitivity across different taxa of marine phytoplankton. A novel approach to sensitivity of microalgae and the evolutionary history of the 23S gene. Aquatic Toxicology. 2018; 204 ():190-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Alejandro Damián-Serrano; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Julián Blasco. 2018. "Erythromycin sensitivity across different taxa of marine phytoplankton. A novel approach to sensitivity of microalgae and the evolutionary history of the 23S gene." Aquatic Toxicology 204, no. : 190-196.
In order to gain knowledge about the potential effects of acidification in aquatic ecosystems, global change research based on microalgae as sentinel species has been often developed. However, these studies are limited to single species tests and there is still a knowledge gap about the behaviour of microalgal communities under this environmental stressor. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the negative effects of CO2 under an ecologically realistic scenario. To achieve this objective, two types of toxicity tests were developed; i) single toxicity tests and ii) multispecies toxicity tests, in order to evaluate the effects on each species as well as the interspecific competition. For this purpose, three microalgae species (Tetraselmis chuii, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis gaditana) were exposed to two selected pH levels (7.4, 6.0) and a control (pH 8.0). The pH values were choosen for testsing different scenarios of CO2 enrichment including the exchange atmosphere-ocean (pH 7.4) and natural or anthropogenic sources of CO2 (pH 6.0). The effects on growth, cell viability, oxidative stress, plus inherent cell properties (size, complexity and autofluorescence) were studied using flow cytometry (FCM). Results showed that T. chuii was the most resistant species to CO2 enrichment with less abrupt changes in terms of cell density, inherent cell properties, oxidative stress and cell viability. Although P. tricornutum was the dominant species in both single and multispecies tests, this species showed a higher decrease in cell density under pH 6.0. Effects of competence were recorded in the multispecies tests (pH 8, control) but this competence was eclipsed by the effects of low pH. The knowledge of biological interactions made by different microalgae species is a useful tool to extrapolate research data from laboratory to the field.
E. Bautista-Chamizo; Marta Sendra; M.R. De Orte; I. Riba. Comparative effects of seawater acidification on microalgae: Single and multispecies toxicity tests. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 649, 224 -232.
AMA StyleE. Bautista-Chamizo, Marta Sendra, M.R. De Orte, I. Riba. Comparative effects of seawater acidification on microalgae: Single and multispecies toxicity tests. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 649 ():224-232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Bautista-Chamizo; Marta Sendra; M.R. De Orte; I. Riba. 2018. "Comparative effects of seawater acidification on microalgae: Single and multispecies toxicity tests." Science of The Total Environment 649, no. : 224-232.
Erythromycin is an antibiotic employed in the treatment of infections caused by Gram positive microorganisms and the increasing use has made it a contaminant of emerging concern in aqueous ecosystems. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), which are known to have catalytic and antioxidant properties, have also become contaminants of emerging concern. Due to the high reactivity of CeO2 NPs, they can interact with erythromycin magnifying their effects or on the other hand, considering the redox potential of CeO2 NPs, it can alleviate the toxicity of erythromycin. The present study was carried out to assess the toxicity of both single compounds as well as mixed on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (freshwater and marine microalgae respectively) employed as target species in ecotoxicological tests. Mechanisms of oxidative damage and those harmful to the photosynthetic apparatus were studied in order to know the toxic mechanisms of erythromycin and the joint effects with CeO2 NPs. Results showed that erythromycin inhibited the microalgae population growth and effective quantum yield of PSII (E.Q.Y.) in both microalgae. However, the freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was more sensitive than the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Responses related to the photosynthetic apparatus such as E.Q.Y. was affected by the exposure to erythromycin of both microalgae, as chloroplasts are target organelle for this antibiotic. Mixed experiments (CeO2 NPs + erythromycin) showed the protective role of CeO2 NPs in both microalgae preventing erythromycin toxicity in toxicological responses such as the growth of the microalgae population and E.Q.Y.
Marta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Effect of erythromycin and modulating effect of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity exerted by the antibiotic on the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Environmental Pollution 2018, 242, 357 -366.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, Julian Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Effect of erythromycin and modulating effect of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity exerted by the antibiotic on the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 242 ():357-366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2018. "Effect of erythromycin and modulating effect of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity exerted by the antibiotic on the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Environmental Pollution 242, no. : 357-366.
Over the last decades, the growth in nanotechnology has provoked an increase in the number of its applications and consumer products that incorporate nanomaterials in their formulation. Metal nanoparticles are released to the marine environment and they can interact with cells by colloids forces establish a nano-bio interface. This interface can be compatible or generate bioadverse effects to cells. The daily use of CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) in industrial catalysis, sunscreen, fuel cells, fuel additives and biomedicine and their potential release into aquatic environments has turned them into a new emerging pollutant of concern. It is necessary to assess of effects of CeO2 NPs in aquatic organisms and understand the potential mechanisms of action of CeO2 NP toxicity to improve our knowledge about the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristic of CeO2 NPs and the interaction of CeO2 NPs with biomolecules in different environment and biological fluids. The conserved innate immune system of bivalves represents a useful tool for studying immunoregulatory responses when cells are exposed to NPs. In this context, the effects of two different CeO2 NPs with different physico-chemical characteristics (size, shape, zeta potential and Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio) and different behavior with biomolecules in plasma fluid were studied in a series of in vitro assays using primary hemocytes from Mytilus galloprovincialis. Different cellular responses such as lysosome membrane stability, phagocytosis capacity and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Our results indicate that the agglomeration state of CeO2 NPs in the exposure media did not appear to have a substantial role in particle effects, while differences in shape, zeta potential and biocorona formation in NPs appear to be important in provoking negative impacts on hemocytes. The negative charge and the rounded shape of CeO2 NPs, which formed Cu, Zn-SOD biocorona in hemolymph serum (HS), triggered higher changes in the biomarker of stress (LMS) and immunological parameters (ROS and phagocytosis capacity). On the other hand, the almost neutral surface charge and well-faceted shape of CeO2 NPs did not show either biocorona formation in HS under tested conditions or significant responses. According to the results, the most relevant conclusion of this work is that not only the physicochemical characterization of CeO2 NPs plays an important role in NPs toxicity but also the study of the interaction of NPs with biological fluids is essential to know it behavior and toxicity at cellular level.
M. Sendra; M. Volland; T. Balbi; R. Fabbri; M.P. Yeste; J.M. Gatica; L. Canesi; Julian Blasco. Cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles using in vitro assay with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes: Relevance of zeta potential, shape and biocorona formation. Aquatic Toxicology 2018, 200, 13 -20.
AMA StyleM. Sendra, M. Volland, T. Balbi, R. Fabbri, M.P. Yeste, J.M. Gatica, L. Canesi, Julian Blasco. Cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles using in vitro assay with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes: Relevance of zeta potential, shape and biocorona formation. Aquatic Toxicology. 2018; 200 ():13-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sendra; M. Volland; T. Balbi; R. Fabbri; M.P. Yeste; J.M. Gatica; L. Canesi; Julian Blasco. 2018. "Cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles using in vitro assay with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes: Relevance of zeta potential, shape and biocorona formation." Aquatic Toxicology 200, no. : 13-20.
To evaluate the effects related to the combination of potential future changes in pH, temperature and salinity on microalgae, a laboratory experiment was performed using the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Populations of this species were exposed during 48 h to a three-factor experimental design (3 × 2 × 2) with two artificial pH values (6, 7.4), two levels of temperature (23 °C, 28 °C), two levels of salinity (34 psu, 40 psu) and a control (pH 8, Temp 23 °C, Sal 34 psu). The effects on growth, cell viability, metabolic activity, and inherent cell properties (size, complexity and autofluorescence) of P. tricornutum were studied using flow cytometry. The results showed adverse effects on cultures exposed to pH 6 and high temperature and salinity, being the inherent cell properties the most sensitive response. Also, linked effects of these parameters resulted on cell viability and cell size decrease and an increase of cell autofluorescence. The conclusions obtained from this work are useful to address the potential effects of climate change (in terms of changes on pH, salinity and temperature) in microalgae.
Esther Bautista-Chamizo; Marta Sendra; Ángeles Cid; Marta Seoane; Manoela Romano de Orte; Inmaculada Riba. Will temperature and salinity changes exacerbate the effects of seawater acidification on the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum? Science of The Total Environment 2018, 634, 87 -94.
AMA StyleEsther Bautista-Chamizo, Marta Sendra, Ángeles Cid, Marta Seoane, Manoela Romano de Orte, Inmaculada Riba. Will temperature and salinity changes exacerbate the effects of seawater acidification on the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum? Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 634 ():87-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Bautista-Chamizo; Marta Sendra; Ángeles Cid; Marta Seoane; Manoela Romano de Orte; Inmaculada Riba. 2018. "Will temperature and salinity changes exacerbate the effects of seawater acidification on the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum?" Science of The Total Environment 634, no. : 87-94.
In recent years, increasing quantities of personal care products (PCPs) are being released into the environment. However, data about bioaccumulation and toxicity are scarce; and extraction and analytical approaches are not well developed. In this work, the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum, selected as model organism, has been employed to investigate bioaccumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA damage due to exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles and bulk TiO2 (inorganic compounds that are frequent components of PCPs, plastics, paints and coatings, foods and disinfectant water treatments). We have also studied the joint effect of both forms of inorganic TiO2 combined with four organic compounds (mixture exposures) commonly used in PCPs: an antimicrobial (triclosan), a fragrance (OTNE) and two UV filters (benzophenone-3 and octocrylene). Bioaccumulation of the inorganic compound, TiO2, was almost immediate and constant over exposure time. With respect to the organic compounds in mixtures, they were mediated by TiO2 and bioaccumulation is driven by reduced size of the particles. In fact, nanoparticles can be considered as a vector to organic compounds, such as triclosan and benzophenone-3. After a week of depuration, TiO2 NPs and TiO2 bulk in clams showed similar levels of concentration. Some organic compounds with bioactivity (Log Kow >3), like OTNE, showed low depuration after one week. The joint action of the organic compound mixture and either of the two forms of TiO2 provoked changes in enzyme activity responses. However, for the mixtures, DNA damage was found only after the depuration period.
M. Sendra; M.G. Pintado-Herrera; G.V. Aguirre-Martínez; I. Moreno-Garrido; L.M. Martin-Díaz; P.A. Lara-Martín; Blasco J. Are the TiO2 NPs a “Trojan horse” for personal care products (PCPs) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum? Chemosphere 2017, 185, 192 -204.
AMA StyleM. Sendra, M.G. Pintado-Herrera, G.V. Aguirre-Martínez, I. Moreno-Garrido, L.M. Martin-Díaz, P.A. Lara-Martín, Blasco J. Are the TiO2 NPs a “Trojan horse” for personal care products (PCPs) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum? Chemosphere. 2017; 185 ():192-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sendra; M.G. Pintado-Herrera; G.V. Aguirre-Martínez; I. Moreno-Garrido; L.M. Martin-Díaz; P.A. Lara-Martín; Blasco J. 2017. "Are the TiO2 NPs a “Trojan horse” for personal care products (PCPs) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum?" Chemosphere 185, no. : 192-204.
Use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) has become a part of our daily life and the high environmental concentrations predicted to accumulate in aquatic ecosystems are cause for concern. Although TiO has only limited reactivity, at the nanoscale level its physico-chemical properties and toxicity are different compared with bulk material. Phytoplankton is a key trophic level in fresh and marine ecosystems, and the toxicity provoked by these nanoparticles can affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Two microalgae species, one freshwater (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and the other marine (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), have been selected for testing the toxicity of TiO in NP and conventional bulk form and, given its photo-catalytic properties, the effect of UV-A was also checked. Growth inhibition, quantum yield reduction, increase of intracellular ROS production, membrane cell damage and production of exo-polymeric substances (EPS) were selected as variables to measure. TiO NPs and bulk TiO show a relationship between the size of agglomerates and time in freshwater and saltwater, but not in ultrapure water. Under two treatments, UV-A (6 h per day) and no UV-A exposure, NPs triggered stronger cytotoxic responses than bulk material. TiO NPs were also associated with greater production of reactive oxygen species and damage to membrane. However, microalgae exposed to TiO NPs and bulk TiO under UV-A were found to be more sensitive than in the visible light condition. The marine species (P. tricornutum) was more sensitive than the freshwater species, and higher Ti internalization was measured. Exopolymeric substances (EPS) were released from microalgae in the culture media, in the presence of TiO in both forms. This may be a possible defense mechanism by these cells, which would enhance processes of homoagglomeration and settling, and thus reduce bioavailability.
M. Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; M.P. Yeste; J.M. Gatica; Julian Blasco. Toxicity of TiO2, in nanoparticle or bulk form to freshwater and marine microalgae under visible light and UV-A radiation. Environmental Pollution 2017, 227, 39 -48.
AMA StyleM. Sendra, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, M.P. Yeste, J.M. Gatica, Julian Blasco. Toxicity of TiO2, in nanoparticle or bulk form to freshwater and marine microalgae under visible light and UV-A radiation. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 227 ():39-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sendra; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; M.P. Yeste; J.M. Gatica; Julian Blasco. 2017. "Toxicity of TiO2, in nanoparticle or bulk form to freshwater and marine microalgae under visible light and UV-A radiation." Environmental Pollution 227, no. : 39-48.