This paper noise-resistant codes on permutations are proposed and researched in order to use them for reliable information transfer and storage. An error detection method and an estimation of noise immunity for codes on permutations are proposed. The absolute and relative redundancy of codes on permutations and their influence on the information transfer rate are investigated.

This paper presents and first scientifically substantiates the generalized theory of binomial number systems (BNS) and the method of their formation for reliable digital signal processing (DSP), transmission, and data storage. The method is obtained based on the general theory of positional number systems (PNS) with conditions and number functions for converting BNS with a binary alphabet, also allowing to generate matrix BNS, linear-cyclic, and multivalued number systems. Generated by BNS, binomial numbers possess the error detection property. A characteristic property of binomial numbers is the ability, on their basis, to form various combinatorial configurations based on the binomial coefficients, e.g., compositions or constant-weight (CW) codes. The theory of positional binary BNS construction and generation of binary binomial numbers are proposed. The basic properties and possible areas of application of BNS researched, particularly for the formation and numbering of combinatorial objects, are indicated. The CW binomial code is designed based on binary binomial numbers with variable code lengths. BNS is efficiently used to develop error detection digital devices and has the property of compressing information.

This paper aims to review recent developments in the field of doped fiber-based optical amplifiers and serve as a reference for promising optical signal amplification techniques that may be useful for practical implementation in high-capacity and cost-efficient telecommunications systems. The main focus is put on different rare-earth dopant elements, double-clad fibers, and optical couplers for cladding-pumping technique. It is found that codoped double-clad fiber-based amplifiers currently have attained the main research interest and show possible application also in multichannel fiber optical transmission systems. Additionally, we have compared different free space and waveguide construction optical coupling techniques suitable for doped double-clad fiber amplifiers.

At present, requirements for speed performance and noise immunity in the work of the counters increase. Among the existing structures, the Fibonacci counters meet such requirements. Their drawback is transfer while calculating from the minimal form of representation of the Fibonacci numbers to the maximal form and, consequently, to the use of operations of convolution and deconvolution, which decreases speed, noise immunity and increases required hardware expenses. We propose for the Fibonacci counters to use only minimal form of representation of the Fibonacci numbers, which excludes operations of convolution and deconvolution. Based on it, the method of the Fibonacci calculation in the minimal form is developed and its logical model is built in the form of a set of logical operations, whose fulfillment leads to the Fibonacci calculation. It gives the possibility to design the method of synthesis of the Fibonacci counters with the optimal ratio of performance speed, noise immunity and amount of hardware expenses for specific conditions of its work. The advantage of the Fibonacci counters with the minimal form is their increased noise immunity. It is due to both the nature of the Fibonacci calculation itself, which works in the excess codes, and to the absence of transfers to the maximal form, where it is permitted to have the forbidden combinations. In this case, the probability of detecting errors grows with an increase in the number of bits of counter.

Given the need to improve the efficiency of data transfer, there are requirements to ensure their reliability and quality under interference. One way to improve data transfer efficiency is to use noise-resistant codes, which include a closed-form expression of the Fibonacci code, a parity code, and a permanent weight code. The result of applying these types of coding produces interference-resistant end-to-end processing and transmission of information, which is a promising approach to improving the efficiency of telecommunications systems in today's environment. This paper reports the estimation of the error detecting code capability of the Fibonacci code in a closed-form expression, as well as its comparative characteristic with a parity code and a permanent weight code for a binary symmetrical channel without memory. To assess an error detecting capability of the Fibonacci code in a closed-form expression, the probability of Fibonacci code combinations moving to the proper, allowable, and prohibited classes has been determined. The comparative characteristic of the indivisible error-detecting codes is based on an average probability method, for the criterion of an undetectable error probability, employing the MATLAB and Python software. The method has demonstrated the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of estimation, which is close to reality. The probability of an undetectable error in the Fibonacci code in a closed-form expression is V=5×10-7; in a code with parity check, V=7.7×10-15; and in a permanent weight code, V=1.9×10-15, at p10=3×10- 9. The use of the average probability method makes it possible to effectively use indivisible codes for detecting errors in telecommunications systems

In this article the Fibonacci decoding device, which solves the problems of decoding Fibonacci numbers and detecting errors in them, is considered, its evaluation is given.