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PhD in cell biology and Post-doc in virology. Expert in molecular biology, high-throughput sequencing and electron microscopy.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) has a highly restricted cellular tropism. In vivo, the virus primarily infects tissue-specific macrophages in the nose, lungs, tonsils, and pharyngeal lymphoid tissues. In vitro however, the MARC-145 cell line is one of the few PRRSV susceptible cell lines that are routinely used for in vitro propagation. Previously, several PRRSV non-permissive cell lines were shown to become susceptible to PRRSV infection upon expression of recombinant entry receptors (e.g., PK15Sn-CD163, PK15S10-CD163). In the present study, we examined the suitability of different cell lines as a possible replacement of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) cells for isolation and growth of PRRSV. The susceptibility of four different cell lines (PK15Sn-CD163, PK15S10-CD163, MARC-145, and MARC-145Sn) for the primary isolation of PRRSV from PCR positive sera (both PRRSV1 and PRRSV2) was compared with that of PAM. To find possible correlations between the cell tropism and the viral genotype, 54 field samples were sequenced, and amino acid residues potentially associated with the cell tropism were identified. Regarding the virus titers obtained with the five different cell types, PAM gave the highest mean virus titers followed by PK15Sn-CD163, PK15S10-CD163, MARC-145Sn, and MARC-145. The titers in PK15Sn-CD163 and PK15S10-CD163 cells were significantly correlated with virus titers in PAM for both PRRSV1 (p< 0.001) and PRRSV2 (p< 0.001) compared with MARC-145Sn (PRRSV1: p = 0.22 and PRRSV2: p = 0.03) and MARC-145 (PRRSV1: p = 0.04 and PRRSV2: p = 0.12). Further, a possible correlation between cell tropism and viral genotype was assessed using PRRSV whole genome sequences in a Genome-Wide-Association Study (GWAS). The structural protein residues GP2:187L and N:28R within PRRSV2 sequences were associated with their growth in MARC-145. The GP5:78I residue for PRRSV2 and the Nsp11:155F residue for PRRSV1 was linked to a higher replication on PAM. In conclusion, PK15Sn-CD163 and PK15S10-CD163 cells are phenotypically closely related to the in vivo target macrophages and are more suitable for virus isolation and titration than MARC-145/MARC-145Sn cells. The residues of PRRSV proteins that are potentially related with cell tropism will be further investigated in the future.
Jiexiong Xie; Nick Vereecke; Sebastiaan Theuns; Dayoung Oh; Nathalie Vanderheijden; Ivan Trus; Jannes Sauer; Philip Vyt; Caroline Bonckaert; Christian Lalonde; Chantale Provost; Carl Gagnon; Hans Nauwynck. Comparison of Primary Virus Isolation in Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages and Four Different Continuous Cell Lines for Type 1 and Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines 2021, 9, 594 .
AMA StyleJiexiong Xie, Nick Vereecke, Sebastiaan Theuns, Dayoung Oh, Nathalie Vanderheijden, Ivan Trus, Jannes Sauer, Philip Vyt, Caroline Bonckaert, Christian Lalonde, Chantale Provost, Carl Gagnon, Hans Nauwynck. Comparison of Primary Virus Isolation in Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages and Four Different Continuous Cell Lines for Type 1 and Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (6):594.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiexiong Xie; Nick Vereecke; Sebastiaan Theuns; Dayoung Oh; Nathalie Vanderheijden; Ivan Trus; Jannes Sauer; Philip Vyt; Caroline Bonckaert; Christian Lalonde; Chantale Provost; Carl Gagnon; Hans Nauwynck. 2021. "Comparison of Primary Virus Isolation in Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages and Four Different Continuous Cell Lines for Type 1 and Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." Vaccines 9, no. 6: 594.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a herpes virus that causes an acute respiratory disease of poultry known as infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO) live attenuated vaccines are routinely used for the control of ILT. However, vaccine virus is known to revert to virulence, and it has been recently shown that ILT field viral strains can undergo recombination with vaccinal ILTV and such recombinant ILT viruses possess greater transmission and pathogenicity potential. Based on complete or partial genes of the ILTV genome, few studies genotyped ILTV strains circulating in Canada, and so far, information is scarce on whole-genome sequencing or the presence of recombination in Canadian ILTV isolates. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize the 14 ILTV isolates that originated from three provinces in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia and Quebec). To this end, a phylogenetic analysis of 50 ILTV complete genome sequences, including 14 sequences of Canadian origin, was carried out. Additional phylogenetic analysis of the unique long, unique short and inverted repeat regions of the ILTV genome was also performed. We observed that 71%, 21% and 7% of the ILTV isolates were categorized as CEO revertant, wild-type and TCO vaccine-related, respectively. The sequences were also analyzed for potential recombination events, which included evidence in the British Columbia ILTV isolate. This event involved two ILTV vaccine (CEO) strains as parental strains. Recombination analysis also identified that one ILTV isolate from Alberta as a potential parental strain for a United States origin ILTV isolate. The positions of the possible recombination breakpoints were identified. These results indicate that the ILTV wild-type strains can recombine with vaccinal strains complicating vaccine-mediated control of ILT. Further studies on the pathogenicity of these ILTV strains, including the recombinant ILTV isolate are currently ongoing.
Ana Perez Contreras; Frank Van Der Meer; Sylvia Checkley; Tomy Joseph; Robin King; Madhu Ravi; Delores Peters; Kevin Fonseca; Carl A. Gagnon; Chantale Provost; Davor Ojkic; Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequences of Infectious laryngotracheitis Virus Isolates from Poultry Flocks in Canada: Evidence of Recombination. Viruses 2020, 12, 1302 .
AMA StyleAna Perez Contreras, Frank Van Der Meer, Sylvia Checkley, Tomy Joseph, Robin King, Madhu Ravi, Delores Peters, Kevin Fonseca, Carl A. Gagnon, Chantale Provost, Davor Ojkic, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequences of Infectious laryngotracheitis Virus Isolates from Poultry Flocks in Canada: Evidence of Recombination. Viruses. 2020; 12 (11):1302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Perez Contreras; Frank Van Der Meer; Sylvia Checkley; Tomy Joseph; Robin King; Madhu Ravi; Delores Peters; Kevin Fonseca; Carl A. Gagnon; Chantale Provost; Davor Ojkic; Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. 2020. "Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequences of Infectious laryngotracheitis Virus Isolates from Poultry Flocks in Canada: Evidence of Recombination." Viruses 12, no. 11: 1302.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economic concern worldwide. There are currently large data sets available about the ORF5 gene of the virus, with thousands of sequences available, but little data are currently available on the full-length genome of PRRSV. We hypothesized that whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the PRRSV genome would allow better epidemiological monitoring than ORF5 gene sequencing. PRRSV PCR-positive serum, oral fluid, and tissue clinical samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory for routine surveillance or diagnosis of PRRSV infection in Québec, Canada, swine herds were used.
Christian Lalonde; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus from Field Clinical Samples Improves the Genomic Surveillance of the Virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2020, 58, 1 .
AMA StyleChristian Lalonde, Chantale Provost, Carl A. Gagnon. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus from Field Clinical Samples Improves the Genomic Surveillance of the Virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2020; 58 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Lalonde; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon. 2020. "Whole-Genome Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus from Field Clinical Samples Improves the Genomic Surveillance of the Virus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 58, no. 11: 1.
In this study, we aimed to molecularly characterize 14 whole genome sequences of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) isolated from samples obtained from white chick syndrome (WCS) outbreaks in Western Canada during the period of 2014–2019. Genome sequence comparisons showed all these sequences correspond to the novel Biv group from which no confirmed representatives were published in GenBank. Molecular recombination analyses using recombination detection software (i.e., RDP5 and SimPlot) and phylogenetic analyses suggest multiple past recombination events in open reading frame (ORF)1a, ORF1b, and ORF2. Our findings suggest that recombination events and the accumulation of point mutations may have contributed to the substantial genetic variation observed in CAstV and evidenced by the current seven antigenic sub-clusters hitherto described. This is the first paper that describes recombination events in CAstV following analysis of complete CAstV sequences originated in Canada.
Victor Palomino-Tapia; Darko Mitevski; Tom Inglis; Frank Van Der Meer; Emily Martin; Marina Brash; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon; Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Molecular Studies Reveal Evidence of Multiple Past Recombination Events in Sequences Originated from Clinical Samples of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in Western Canada. Viruses 2020, 12, 1096 .
AMA StyleVictor Palomino-Tapia, Darko Mitevski, Tom Inglis, Frank Van Der Meer, Emily Martin, Marina Brash, Chantale Provost, Carl A. Gagnon, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Molecular Studies Reveal Evidence of Multiple Past Recombination Events in Sequences Originated from Clinical Samples of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in Western Canada. Viruses. 2020; 12 (10):1096.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Palomino-Tapia; Darko Mitevski; Tom Inglis; Frank Van Der Meer; Emily Martin; Marina Brash; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon; Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. 2020. "Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Molecular Studies Reveal Evidence of Multiple Past Recombination Events in Sequences Originated from Clinical Samples of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in Western Canada." Viruses 12, no. 10: 1096.
The genomic surveillance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is based on sequencing of the ORF5 gene of the virus, which covers only 4% of the entire viral genome. It is expected that PRRSV whole-genome sequencing (WGS) will improve PRRSV genomic data and allow better understanding of clinical discrepancies observed in the field when using ORF5 sequencing. Our main objective was to implement an efficient method for WGS of PRRSV from clinical samples. The viral genome was purified using a poly(A)-tail viral genome purification method and sequenced using Illumina technology. We tested 149 PRRSV-positive samples: 80 sera, 33 lungs, 33 pools of tissues, 2 oral fluids, and 1 processing fluid (i.e., castration liquid). Overall, WGS of 67.1% of PRRSV-positive cases was successful. The viral load, in particular for tissues, had a major impact on the PRRSV WGS success rate. Serum was the most efficient type of sample to conduct PRRSV WGS poly(A)-tail assays, with a success rate of 76.3%, and this result can be explained by improved sequencing reads dispersion matching throughout the entire viral genome. WGS was unsuccessful for all pools of tissue and lung samples with Cq values > 26.5, whereas it could still be successful with sera at Cq ≤ 34.1. Evaluation of results of highly qualified personnel confirmed that laboratory skills could affect PRRSV WGS efficiency. Oral fluid samples seem very promising and merit further investigation because, with only 2 samples of low viral load (Cq = 28.8, 32.8), PRRSV WGS was successful.
Carl A. Gagnon; Christian Lalonde; Chantale Provost. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus whole-genome sequencing efficacy with field clinical samples using a poly(A)-tail viral genome purification method. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2020, 33, 216 -226.
AMA StyleCarl A. Gagnon, Christian Lalonde, Chantale Provost. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus whole-genome sequencing efficacy with field clinical samples using a poly(A)-tail viral genome purification method. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2020; 33 (2):216-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarl A. Gagnon; Christian Lalonde; Chantale Provost. 2020. "Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus whole-genome sequencing efficacy with field clinical samples using a poly(A)-tail viral genome purification method." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 2: 216-226.
Rozenn Le Net; Chantale Provost; Christian Lalonde; Lyette Régimbald; Francois Vézina; Carl A Gagnon; Stéphane Lair. WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF AN AVIPOXVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS IN A GROUP OF AVIARY-HOUSED SNOW BUNTINGS (PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS). 2020, 50, 803 -812.
AMA StyleRozenn Le Net, Chantale Provost, Christian Lalonde, Lyette Régimbald, Francois Vézina, Carl A Gagnon, Stéphane Lair. WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF AN AVIPOXVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS IN A GROUP OF AVIARY-HOUSED SNOW BUNTINGS (PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS). . 2020; 50 (4):803-812.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRozenn Le Net; Chantale Provost; Christian Lalonde; Lyette Régimbald; Francois Vézina; Carl A Gagnon; Stéphane Lair. 2020. "WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF AN AVIPOXVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS IN A GROUP OF AVIARY-HOUSED SNOW BUNTINGS (PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS)." 50, no. 4: 803-812.
Sonia Chénier; Michel Desroches; Chantale Provost; Véronique Bournival; Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur; Marika Koszegi; Carl A. Gagnon. First reported outbreak of Duck atadenovirus A tracheobronchitis in 3-week-old ducklings in Québec including whole genome sequence of the virus. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 2019, 60, 1285 -1288.
AMA StyleSonia Chénier, Michel Desroches, Chantale Provost, Véronique Bournival, Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur, Marika Koszegi, Carl A. Gagnon. First reported outbreak of Duck atadenovirus A tracheobronchitis in 3-week-old ducklings in Québec including whole genome sequence of the virus. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne. 2019; 60 (12):1285-1288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonia Chénier; Michel Desroches; Chantale Provost; Véronique Bournival; Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur; Marika Koszegi; Carl A. Gagnon. 2019. "First reported outbreak of Duck atadenovirus A tracheobronchitis in 3-week-old ducklings in Québec including whole genome sequence of the virus." The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 60, no. 12: 1285-1288.
Endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) form a monolayer lining the ventricular cavities. Studies from our laboratory and the literature have shown differences between EECs isolated from the right and left ventricles (EECRs and EECLs, respectively). Angiotensin II (Ang II) was shown to induce apoptosis of different cell types mainly via AT1 receptor activation. In this study, we verified whether Ang II induces apoptosis of human EECRs and EECLs (hEECRs and hEECLs, respectively) and via which type of receptor. Using the annexin V labeling and in situ TUNEL assays, our results showed that Ang II induced apoptosis of both hEECRs and hEECLs in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results using specific AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists showed that the Ang-II-induced apoptosis in both hEECRs and hEECLs is mediated mainly via the AT2 receptor. However, AT1 receptor blockade partially prevented Ang-II-induced apoptosis, particularly in hEECRs. Hence, our results suggest that mainly AT2 receptors mediate Ang-II-induced apoptosis of hEECRs and hEECLs. The damage of EECs would affect their function as a physical barrier between the blood and cardiomyocytes, thus affecting cardiomyocyte functions.
Danielle Jacques; Chantale Provost; Alexandre Normand; Nadia Abou Abdallah; Johny Al-Khoury; Ghassan Bkaily. Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of human right and left ventricular endocardial endothelial cells by activating the AT2 receptor. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2019, 97, 581 -588.
AMA StyleDanielle Jacques, Chantale Provost, Alexandre Normand, Nadia Abou Abdallah, Johny Al-Khoury, Ghassan Bkaily. Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of human right and left ventricular endocardial endothelial cells by activating the AT2 receptor. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2019; 97 (6):581-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanielle Jacques; Chantale Provost; Alexandre Normand; Nadia Abou Abdallah; Johny Al-Khoury; Ghassan Bkaily. 2019. "Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of human right and left ventricular endocardial endothelial cells by activating the AT2 receptor." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 97, no. 6: 581-588.
Yaima Burgher; Marika Koszegi; Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur; Dominique Fournier; Cynthia Lafond-Lambert; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon. Canada: First report of Ureaplasma diversum, a bovine pathogen, in the respiratory tract of swine in Canada. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 2018, 59, 1333 -1337.
AMA StyleYaima Burgher, Marika Koszegi, Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur, Dominique Fournier, Cynthia Lafond-Lambert, Chantale Provost, Carl A. Gagnon. Canada: First report of Ureaplasma diversum, a bovine pathogen, in the respiratory tract of swine in Canada. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne. 2018; 59 (12):1333-1337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaima Burgher; Marika Koszegi; Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur; Dominique Fournier; Cynthia Lafond-Lambert; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon. 2018. "Canada: First report of Ureaplasma diversum, a bovine pathogen, in the respiratory tract of swine in Canada." The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 59, no. 12: 1333-1337.
Purpose. Recently, the strong antiviral activity of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) culture supernatant against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was discovered. Following this finding, the objective of the present study was to understand how the App culture supernatant inhibits PRRSV replication in its natural targeted host cells, i.e. porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Methodology. Several assays were conducted with App culture supernatant-treated PRRSV-infected cell lines, such as PAM, St-Jude porcine lung and MARC-145 cells. RT-qPCR assays were used to determine the expression levels of type I and II IFN mRNAs, viral genomic (gRNA) and sub-genomic RNAs (sgRNAs). Proteomic, Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to determine the involvement of actin filaments in the App culture supernatant antiviral effect. Results/Key findings. Type I and II IFN mRNA expressions were not upregulated by the App culture supernatant. Time courses of gRNA and sgRNA expression levels demonstrated that the App culture supernatant inhibits PRRSV infection before the first viral transcription cycle. Western blot experiments confirmed an increase in the expression of cofilin (actin cytoskeleton dynamics regulator) and immunofluorescence also demonstrated a significant decrease of actin filaments in App culture supernatant-treated PRRSV-infected PAM cells. App culture supernatant antiviral activity was also demonstrated against other PRRSV strains of genotypes I and II. Conclusion. App culture supernatant antiviral effect against PRRSV takes place early during PRRSV infection. Results suggest that App culture supernatant antiviral effect may take place via the activation of cofilin, which induces actin depolymerization and subsequently, probably affects PRRSV endocytosis. Other experiments are needed to fully validate this latest hypothesis.
Yenney Hernandez Reyes; Chantale Provost; Carolina Kist Traesel; Mario Jacques; Carl A. Gagnon. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant antiviral effect against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus occurs prior to the viral genome replication and transcription through actin depolymerization. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2018, 67, 249 -264.
AMA StyleYenney Hernandez Reyes, Chantale Provost, Carolina Kist Traesel, Mario Jacques, Carl A. Gagnon. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant antiviral effect against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus occurs prior to the viral genome replication and transcription through actin depolymerization. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2018; 67 (2):249-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYenney Hernandez Reyes; Chantale Provost; Carolina Kist Traesel; Mario Jacques; Carl A. Gagnon. 2018. "Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant antiviral effect against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus occurs prior to the viral genome replication and transcription through actin depolymerization." Journal of Medical Microbiology 67, no. 2: 249-264.
In the pig, respiratory co-infections involving various pathogens are far more frequent than single infections. Amongst respiratory viruses, swine influenza type A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are frequently associated. Previously, we performed co-infections with swIAV and PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) and precision cut lung slices (PCLS). With these two approaches it was practically impossible to have co-infections of the same cells as the main target cell of swIAV is the epithelial cell while the main target of PRRSV is the PAM. This constraint makes the study of interference between the two viruses difficult at the cellular level. In the current report, an epithelial cell line expressing, CD163, the main receptor of PRRSV was generated. This cell line receptive for both viruses was used to assess the interference between the two viruses. Results showed that swIAV as well as PRRSV, even if they interacted differently with the modified epithelial cells, were clearly interfering with each other regarding their replication when they infected a same cell with consequences within the cellular antiviral response. Our modified cell line, receptive to both viruses, can be used as a tool to assess interference between swIAV and PRRSV in a same cell as it probably happens in the porcine host.
Chantale Provost; Glenn Hamonic; Carl A. Gagnon; François Meurens. Dual infections of CD163 expressing NPTr epithelial cells with influenza A virus and PRRSV. Veterinary Microbiology 2017, 207, 143 -148.
AMA StyleChantale Provost, Glenn Hamonic, Carl A. Gagnon, François Meurens. Dual infections of CD163 expressing NPTr epithelial cells with influenza A virus and PRRSV. Veterinary Microbiology. 2017; 207 ():143-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChantale Provost; Glenn Hamonic; Carl A. Gagnon; François Meurens. 2017. "Dual infections of CD163 expressing NPTr epithelial cells with influenza A virus and PRRSV." Veterinary Microbiology 207, no. : 143-148.
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a herpesvirus widespread in cattle populations, and with no clear disease association. Its genome contains a long unique coding region (LUR) flanked by polyrepetitive DNA. In 2009, a BoHV-4 strain was isolated (FMV09-1180503: BoHV-4-FMV) from cattle with respiratory disease from Quebec, Canada, and its LUR was sequenced. Despite the overall high similarity, BoHV-4-FMV had the most divergent LUR sequence compared to the two known BoHV-4 reference strain genomes; most of the divergences were in the Bo genes and in the repeat regions. Our phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase genes revealed that virus isolate was BoHV-4 gammaherpesvirus and clustered it together with European BoHV-4 strains. Because BoHV-4-FMV was isolated from animals presenting respiratory signs, we have updated the BoHV-4 Canadian cattle seroprevalence data and tried to find out whether there is a link between clinical manifestation and BoHV-4 seropositivity. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed with near 200 randomized sera of dairy cattle from two Canadian provinces, Quebec (n=100) and Ontario (n=91). Quebec’s sera of selected dairy cattle herds experiencing respiratory or reproductive problems (n=75) and healthy herds (n=48) were also analyzed by IFA. BoHV-4 seroprevalence in Canadian dairy cattle was 7.9% (Quebec: 6% and Ontario: 9.9%). Among Quebec’s selected herds, diseased herds showed higher BoHV-4 seropositivity than healthy herds (P<0.05), with a significant 2.494 odds ratio of being seropositive in sick compared to healthy animals. Although there is no established direct link between BoHV-4 and specific diseases, these seroprevalence data suggest the possible involvement of BoHV-4 in dairy cattle diseases.
Carl A. Gagnon; Carolina Kist Traesel; Nedzad Music; Jérôme Laroche; Nicolas Tison; Jean-Philippe Auger; Sanela Music; Chantale Provost; Christian Bellehumeur; Levon Abrahamyan; Susy Carman; Luc DesCôteaux; Steve J. Charette. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canadian Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Strain and the Possible Link between the Viral Infection and Respiratory and Reproductive Clinical Manifestations in Dairy Cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2017, 4, 92 -92.
AMA StyleCarl A. Gagnon, Carolina Kist Traesel, Nedzad Music, Jérôme Laroche, Nicolas Tison, Jean-Philippe Auger, Sanela Music, Chantale Provost, Christian Bellehumeur, Levon Abrahamyan, Susy Carman, Luc DesCôteaux, Steve J. Charette. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canadian Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Strain and the Possible Link between the Viral Infection and Respiratory and Reproductive Clinical Manifestations in Dairy Cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2017; 4 ():92-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarl A. Gagnon; Carolina Kist Traesel; Nedzad Music; Jérôme Laroche; Nicolas Tison; Jean-Philippe Auger; Sanela Music; Chantale Provost; Christian Bellehumeur; Levon Abrahamyan; Susy Carman; Luc DesCôteaux; Steve J. Charette. 2017. "Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canadian Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Strain and the Possible Link between the Viral Infection and Respiratory and Reproductive Clinical Manifestations in Dairy Cattle." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 4, no. : 92-92.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.
Skander Hathroubi; Francis Beaudry; Chantale Provost; Léa Martelet; Mariela Segura; Carl A. Gagnon; Mario Jacques. Impact ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaebiofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells. Innate Immunity 2016, 22, 353 -362.
AMA StyleSkander Hathroubi, Francis Beaudry, Chantale Provost, Léa Martelet, Mariela Segura, Carl A. Gagnon, Mario Jacques. Impact ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaebiofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells. Innate Immunity. 2016; 22 (5):353-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkander Hathroubi; Francis Beaudry; Chantale Provost; Léa Martelet; Mariela Segura; Carl A. Gagnon; Mario Jacques. 2016. "Impact ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaebiofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells." Innate Immunity 22, no. 5: 353-362.
Vaccination is a useful option to control infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and several modified live-PRRSV vaccines have been developed. These vaccines have shown some efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of clinical disease as well as the duration of viremia and virus shedding but have failed to provide sterilizing immunity. The efficacy of modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines is greater against a homologous strain compared with heterologous PRRSV strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine in protecting against challenge with a heterologous field strain widely circulating in the swine herds of eastern Canada. Forty-six piglets were divided into 4 groups: nonvaccinated-nonchallenged; nonvaccinated-challenged; vaccinated-challenged; and vaccinated-nonchallenged. The animals were vaccinated at 23 d of age with Fostera PRRS and challenged 23 d later with a heterologous field strain of PRRSV (FMV12-1425619). Overall, the vaccine showed some beneficial effects in the challenged animals by reducing the severity of clinical signs and the viral load. A significant difference between nonvaccinated and vaccinated animals was detected for some parameters starting 11 to 13 d after challenge, which suggested that the cell-mediated immune response or other delayed responses could be more important than pre-existing PRRSV antibodies in vaccinated animals within the context of protection against heterologous strains.
Christian Savard; Fernando Alvarez; Chantale Provost; Younes Chorfi; Sylvie D'allaire; Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano; Carl A. Gagnon. Efficacy of Fostera PRRS modified live virus vaccine against a Canadian heterologous virulent field strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 2016, 80, 1 -11.
AMA StyleChristian Savard, Fernando Alvarez, Chantale Provost, Younes Chorfi, Sylvie D'allaire, Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano, Carl A. Gagnon. Efficacy of Fostera PRRS modified live virus vaccine against a Canadian heterologous virulent field strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. 2016; 80 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Savard; Fernando Alvarez; Chantale Provost; Younes Chorfi; Sylvie D'allaire; Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano; Carl A. Gagnon. 2016. "Efficacy of Fostera PRRS modified live virus vaccine against a Canadian heterologous virulent field strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus." Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 80, no. 1: 1-11.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp and is a common contaminant of grains in North America. Among farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to DON because it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of several syndromes in weaning piglets collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of DON on PCV2 replication in NPTr permissive cell line, and to determine eventual potentiating effects of DON on PCV2 infection in pigs. Noninfected and infected cells with PCV2 were treated with increasing concentrations of DON (0, 70, 140, 280, 560, 1200 ng/mL) and cell survival and virus titer were evaluated 72 h postinfection. Thirty commercial piglets were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 10 animals based on DON content of served diets (0, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg DON). All groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 pigs and were inoculated with PCV2b virus. The remaining pigs (control) were sham-inoculated with PBS. In vitro results showed that low concentrations of DON could potentially increase PCV2 replication depending on virus genotype. In vivo results showed that even though viremia and lung viral load tend to be higher in animal ingesting DON contaminated diet at 2.5 mg/kg, DON had no significant effect on clinical manifestation of PCVAD in PCV2b infected animals. DON has neither in vitro nor in vivo clear potentiating effects in the development of porcine circovirus infection despite slight increases in viral replication.
Christian Savard; Chantale Provost; Fernando Alvarez; Vicente Pinilla; Nedzad Music; Mario Jacques; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections. Veterinary Microbiology 2015, 176, 257 -267.
AMA StyleChristian Savard, Chantale Provost, Fernando Alvarez, Vicente Pinilla, Nedzad Music, Mario Jacques, Carl A. Gagnon, Younes Chorfi. Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections. Veterinary Microbiology. 2015; 176 (3-4):257-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Savard; Chantale Provost; Fernando Alvarez; Vicente Pinilla; Nedzad Music; Mario Jacques; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. 2015. "Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections." Veterinary Microbiology 176, no. 3-4: 257-267.
The carcass of an adult male beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) was found beach cast in 2008 on the shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary at Rivière-Ouelle, Quebec, Canada. The carcass was transported to the Faculté de médecine vétérinaire of the Université de Montréal for postmortem examination. Aspiration pneumonia was the probable cause of death. Necropsy revealed a focal papilloma-like penile lesion, characterized by focal mucosal thickening with disorganization of the epithelial layers and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. A pan-herpesvirus nested PCR assay on frozen tissue from the penile lesion was positive. The PCR product sequencing revealed a partial herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene sequence of 600 nucleotides. Its nearest nucleotide identity was with the partial DPOL gene of an alphaherpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 5 (79.5% identity). It also shared high identity with several other marine mammal herpesviruses (50.2 to 77.3% identity). This new herpesvirus was tentatively named beluga whale herpesvirus (BWHV). Virus isolation was unsuccessful. The pathogenic potential of BWHV is unknown, but the evaluation of archived tissues suggests that the virus is endemic in the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga population.
Christian Bellehumeur; Stéphane Lair; Carlos H. Romero; Chantale Provost; Ole Nielsen; Carl A. Gagnon. Identification of a Novel Herpesvirus Associated with a Penile Proliferative Lesion in a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2015, 51, 244 -249.
AMA StyleChristian Bellehumeur, Stéphane Lair, Carlos H. Romero, Chantale Provost, Ole Nielsen, Carl A. Gagnon. Identification of a Novel Herpesvirus Associated with a Penile Proliferative Lesion in a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2015; 51 (1):244-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Bellehumeur; Stéphane Lair; Carlos H. Romero; Chantale Provost; Ole Nielsen; Carl A. Gagnon. 2015. "Identification of a Novel Herpesvirus Associated with a Penile Proliferative Lesion in a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 51, no. 1: 244-249.
Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, is the most prevalent type B trichothecene mycotoxin worldwide. Pigs show a great sensitivity to DON, and because of the high proportion of grains in their diets, they are frequently exposed to this mycotoxin. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of DON naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, the most important porcine viral pathogen in swine. Experimental infections were performed with 30 animals. Piglets were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals based on DON content of diets (0, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg DON). All experimental groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 pigs and were inoculated with PRRSV. The remaining pigs (control) were sham-inoculated with PBS. Pigs were daily monitored for temperature, weight and clinical signs for 21 days. Blood samples were collected and tested for PRRSV RNA and for virus specific antibodies. Results of PRRSV infection showed that ingestion of diet highly contaminated with DON greatly increases the effect of PRRSV infection on weight gain, lung lesions and mortality, without increasing significantly viral replication, for which the tendency is rather directed toward a decrease of replication. These results suggest that PRRSV infection could exacerbate anorectic effect of DON, when ingested in large doses. Results also demonstrate a DON negative effect on PRRSV-specific humoral responses. This study demonstrate that high concentrations of DON naturally contaminated feed decreased the immune response against PRRSV and influenced the course of PRRSV infection in pigs
Christian Savard; Vicente Pinilla; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. In vivo effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Veterinary Microbiology 2014, 174, 419 -426.
AMA StyleChristian Savard, Vicente Pinilla, Chantale Provost, Carl A. Gagnon, Younes Chorfi. In vivo effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Veterinary Microbiology. 2014; 174 (3-4):419-426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Savard; Vicente Pinilla; Chantale Provost; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. 2014. "In vivo effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection." Veterinary Microbiology 174, no. 3-4: 419-426.
Pigs are often colonized by more than one bacterial and/or viral species during respiratory tract infections. This phenomenon is known as the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are pathogens that are frequently involved in PRDC. The main objective of this project was to study the in vitro interactions between these two pathogens and the host cells in the context of mixed infections. To fulfill this objective, PRRSV permissive cell lines such as MARC-145, SJPL, and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) were used. A pre-infection with PRRSV was performed at 0.5 multiplicity of infection (MOI) followed by an infection with App at 10 MOI. Bacterial adherence and cell death were compared. Results showed that PRRSV pre-infection did not affect bacterial adherence to the cells. PRRSV and App co-infection produced an additive cytotoxicity effect. Interestingly, a pre-infection of SJPL and PAM cells with App blocked completely PRRSV infection. Incubation of SJPL and PAM cells with an App cell-free culture supernatant is also sufficient to significantly block PRRSV infection. This antiviral activity is not due to LPS but rather by small molecular weight, heat-resistant App metabolites (<1 kDa). The antiviral activity was also observed in SJPL cells infected with swine influenza virus but to a much lower extent compared to PRRSV. More importantly, the PRRSV antiviral activity of App was also seen with PAM, the cells targeted by the virus in vivo during infection in pigs. The antiviral activity might be due, at least in part, to the production of interferon γ. The use of in vitro experimental models to study viral and bacterial co-infections will lead to a better understanding of the interactions between pathogens and their host cells, and could allow the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic tools.
Cynthia Lévesque; Chantale Provost; Josée Labrie; Yenney Hernandez Reyes; Jorge A. Burciaga Nava; Carl A. Gagnon; Mario Jacques. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Possesses an Antiviral Activity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e98434 .
AMA StyleCynthia Lévesque, Chantale Provost, Josée Labrie, Yenney Hernandez Reyes, Jorge A. Burciaga Nava, Carl A. Gagnon, Mario Jacques. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Possesses an Antiviral Activity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (5):e98434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCynthia Lévesque; Chantale Provost; Josée Labrie; Yenney Hernandez Reyes; Jorge A. Burciaga Nava; Carl A. Gagnon; Mario Jacques. 2014. "Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Possesses an Antiviral Activity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5: e98434.
Christian Savard; Vicente Pinilla; Chantale Provost; Mariela Segura; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. In vitro effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2014, 65, 219 -226.
AMA StyleChristian Savard, Vicente Pinilla, Chantale Provost, Mariela Segura, Carl A. Gagnon, Younes Chorfi. In vitro effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2014; 65 ():219-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Savard; Vicente Pinilla; Chantale Provost; Mariela Segura; Carl A. Gagnon; Younes Chorfi. 2014. "In vitro effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication." Food and Chemical Toxicology 65, no. : 219-226.
Airborne transmitted pathogens, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), need to interact with host cells of the respiratory tract in order to be able to enter and disseminate in the host organism. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) and MA104 derived monkey kidney MARC-145 cells are known to be permissive to PRRSV infection and replication and are the most studied cells in the literature. More recently, new cell lines developed to study PRRSV have been genetically modified to make them permissive to the virus. The SJPL cell line origin was initially reported to be epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of swine. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine if SJPL cells could support PRRSV infection and replication in vitro.
Chantale Provost; Jian Jun Jia; Nedzad Music; Cynthia Lévesque; Marie-Ève Lebel; Jérôme R E Del Castillo; Mario Jacques; Carl A Gagnon. Identification of a new cell line permissive to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and replication which is phenotypically distinct from MARC-145 cell line. Virology Journal 2012, 9, 267 -267.
AMA StyleChantale Provost, Jian Jun Jia, Nedzad Music, Cynthia Lévesque, Marie-Ève Lebel, Jérôme R E Del Castillo, Mario Jacques, Carl A Gagnon. Identification of a new cell line permissive to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and replication which is phenotypically distinct from MARC-145 cell line. Virology Journal. 2012; 9 (1):267-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChantale Provost; Jian Jun Jia; Nedzad Music; Cynthia Lévesque; Marie-Ève Lebel; Jérôme R E Del Castillo; Mario Jacques; Carl A Gagnon. 2012. "Identification of a new cell line permissive to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and replication which is phenotypically distinct from MARC-145 cell line." Virology Journal 9, no. 1: 267-267.