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Based on tradition and high standards, Swiss higher education in tourism and hospitality is ranked among the best in the world. Although scientific research is the foundation of a country’s higher education system, the Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Scientific Research (Swiss TL&HM-SR) has not yet been subject to a systematic analysis. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the Swiss TL&HM-SR performance, as well as identifying and discussing its most prominent topics. To this end, bibliometric data were gathered from the Scopus database and analyzed through a bibliometric mixed-method approach. Results provide a new performance indicator for the Swiss TL&HM-SR in this field of research, and show that innovation and sustainable destination management are particularly prominent topics within Swiss TL&HM-SR. In this context, contributions to these topics in particular are discussed in more detail. The findings provide useful insights for stakeholders aiming to improve sustainability performance through strategic management of destinations, as well as for researchers aiming to follow the latest trends, identify emerging topics and formulate more attractive projects for financing institutions. The study also provides a new and innovative methodological contribution, as it combines different methods of scientific research performance assessment, which can be further employed in other countries or knowledge areas.
Lucília Cardoso; Arthur Araújo; Luís Lima Santos; Roland Schegg; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa. Country Performance Analysis of Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Research. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2378 .
AMA StyleLucília Cardoso, Arthur Araújo, Luís Lima Santos, Roland Schegg, Zélia Breda, Carlos Costa. Country Performance Analysis of Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Research. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucília Cardoso; Arthur Araújo; Luís Lima Santos; Roland Schegg; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa. 2021. "Country Performance Analysis of Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Research." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2378.
Collaboration in tourism is widely perceived as a solution for achieving success and for ensuring sustainability in tourist destinations. However, collaboration is a complex and dynamic process, and although there is a growing interest in understanding its mechanisms, much remains unexplored on the matter. The aim of this paper is to operationalise a network approach in analysing characteristics of collaboration in tourism and then to reveal structural weaknesses and strengths from a destination management perspective. The background for analysis is a well-known tourist destination in Romania (Vatra Dornei) that can be considered illustrative for a large spectrum of Eastern European destinations. Methodologically, Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques were employed, centred on matters related to density and centrality of the tourism network. The results reveal a series of deficiencies inside the network, which have to be addressed by policymakers: (i) a general low level of collaboration; (ii) poor communication between public and private sectors; (iii) a reduced number of central stakeholders but high diversity regarding their fields of activity. The study contributes to the literature by advancing knowledge on particularities of collaboration among tourism stakeholders, while also adding evidence to the utility of SNA in understanding relational dynamics specific to tourism destinations.
Alexandra Cehan; Mihail Eva; Corneliu Iațu; Carlos Costa. Inquiring Structure and Forms of Collaboration in Tourism through Social Network Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8161 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Cehan, Mihail Eva, Corneliu Iațu, Carlos Costa. Inquiring Structure and Forms of Collaboration in Tourism through Social Network Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Cehan; Mihail Eva; Corneliu Iațu; Carlos Costa. 2020. "Inquiring Structure and Forms of Collaboration in Tourism through Social Network Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8161.
This paper aims at examining how overtourism and tourismphobia are being approached as emergent research topics in current tourism literature. It conducts an analysis of 154 documents, indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and Scopus databases. The study follows a quantitative and qualitative approach, with the support of VOSviewer and HistCite softwares for a descriptive content analysis. The analysis focuses on highlighting important aspects in terms of the most frequent publication sources (authors and journals); co-citation, as well as dimensions and research streams; methodologies used; results obtained; and implications for future research. The literature review unveiled that the concepts of overtourism and tourismphobia are usually related to destinations’ development, negative impacts, and tourism policies and regulation. Results show that, although tourism excesses and conflicts have been studied for long, ‘overtourism’ and ‘tourismphobia’ have become usual terms, mainly within the past three years. Even though the adoption of the terms can be considered by some as a ‘trend’, the in-depth analysis of the topics shed light on how ‘old’ concepts can evolve to adapt to contemporary tourism issues. Further studies are needed in tracking the evolution of these topics and their implications on the future of tourism.
Medéia Veríssimo; Michelle Moraes; Zélia Breda; Alan Guizi; Carlos Costa. Overtourism and tourismphobia. Tourism 2020, 68, 156 -169.
AMA StyleMedéia Veríssimo, Michelle Moraes, Zélia Breda, Alan Guizi, Carlos Costa. Overtourism and tourismphobia. Tourism. 2020; 68 (2):156-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedéia Veríssimo; Michelle Moraes; Zélia Breda; Alan Guizi; Carlos Costa. 2020. "Overtourism and tourismphobia." Tourism 68, no. 2: 156-169.
Filipa Brandão; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa. Innovation and internationalization as development strategies for coastal tourism destinations: The role of organizational networks. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2019, 41, 219 -230.
AMA StyleFilipa Brandão, Zélia Breda, Carlos Costa. Innovation and internationalization as development strategies for coastal tourism destinations: The role of organizational networks. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2019; 41 ():219-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilipa Brandão; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa. 2019. "Innovation and internationalization as development strategies for coastal tourism destinations: The role of organizational networks." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 41, no. : 219-230.
Purpose This paper aims to conduct a review of the literature published, between 2006 and 2018, that used search engine data on tourism and hospitality research, namely, Google Insights for Search and Google Trends. More specifically, it intends to identify the purpose and context of the data use, ascertaining the main findings and reviewing the methodological approaches. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of Scopus indexed research has been carried out. Given the novelty of search engine data use in tourism and hospitality research and the relatively low number of search results in Scopus, other databases were used to broaden the scope of analysis, namely, EBSCO and Google Scholar. The papers selected were subjected to content and statistical analyses. Findings Google Trends data use in tourism and hospitality research has increased significantly from 2012 to 2017, mainly for tourism forecasting/nowcasting; knowing the interest of users’ searches for tourist attractions or destinations; showing the relationship between the official tourism statistics and the search volume index of Google Trends; and estimating the effect of one event on tourism demand. The categories and search terms used vary with the purpose of the study; however, they mostly focus on the travel category and use the country as the search term. Originality/value Google Trends has been increasingly used in research publications in tourism and hospitality, but the range of its applications and methods used has not yet been reviewed. Therefore, a systematic review of the existing literature increases awareness of its potential uses in tourism and hospitality research and facilitates a better understanding of its strengths and weaknesses as a research tool.
Gorete Dinis; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa; Osvaldo Pacheco. Google Trends in tourism and hospitality research: a systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 2019, 10, 747 -763.
AMA StyleGorete Dinis, Zélia Breda, Carlos Costa, Osvaldo Pacheco. Google Trends in tourism and hospitality research: a systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. 2019; 10 (4):747-763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorete Dinis; Zélia Breda; Carlos Costa; Osvaldo Pacheco. 2019. "Google Trends in tourism and hospitality research: a systematic literature review." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 10, no. 4: 747-763.
In the last decades, the role of knowledge in the world economy has been acknowledged as fundamental as a production factor, and as the main asset for the development of innovation. Bearing this in mind, knowledge creation and transfer are crucial processes, and innovation networks provide the necessary conditions for these processes to occur and to allow tourism destinations to achieve high innovation performance and overall competitiveness. This research applies Social Network Analysis to characterise the networked dynamics of knowledge creation and transfer within tourism destinations’ innovation networks. Considering two Portuguese regions, a survey was applied to institutions responsible for tourism innovation in order to collect relational data. Results demonstrate that knowledge transfer involves a higher number of actors than knowledge creation. It also demonstrates that knowledge producers and education providers have a more significant role in knowledge creation, while public tourism organisations also stand out in knowledge transfer.
Filipa Brandão; Carlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Rui Costa. Knowledge Creation and Transfer in Tourism Innovation Networks. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2019, 275 -287.
AMA StyleFilipa Brandão, Carlos Costa, Zélia Breda, Rui Costa. Knowledge Creation and Transfer in Tourism Innovation Networks. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2019; ():275-287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilipa Brandão; Carlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Rui Costa. 2019. "Knowledge Creation and Transfer in Tourism Innovation Networks." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 275-287.
Shopping tourism has been receiving increased attention by tourism destinations management due to the significant economic impact it can bring to local businesses and to the overall industry. Despite this, the competitive factors that make a destination attractive for international tourists is usually not acknowledged by both tourism destination management organisations, and academics. This paper intends to analyse the competitiveness of tourism destinations for shopping tourism, and in this context, to identify if Porto is attractive for shopping tourism. In order to accomplish this, a survey was applied to 278 international tourists. Research findings underline that Porto is not a main destination for shopping travellers, with a minimal number of tourists travelling to the city with shopping as the main travel purpose. This low motivation for shopping reflects on the low expenditure and reduced time spent by tourists in this activity. The paper ends by advancing strategies that DMO’s (Destination Management Organisations) may implement in order to increase the destination competitiveness.
Rui Silva; Zélia Breda; Filipa Brandão; Rui Costa; Carlos Costa. Shopping Tourism: A Destination Management Perspective. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2019, 477 -487.
AMA StyleRui Silva, Zélia Breda, Filipa Brandão, Rui Costa, Carlos Costa. Shopping Tourism: A Destination Management Perspective. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2019; ():477-487.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Silva; Zélia Breda; Filipa Brandão; Rui Costa; Carlos Costa. 2019. "Shopping Tourism: A Destination Management Perspective." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 477-487.
Purpose This paper aims to unveil the factors that contribute to a positive hostel experience by electing key features and describing their nature from a customer perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study uses an exploratory, empirical approach, applying netnography to collect information about guests’ experiences from the five selected top-rated hostels in Europe and Latin America. A content analysis of 500 positive reviews was conducted exploring the critical features of service experience in hostel sector. Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro were selected for this study as they are among the destinations that have received top-rated hostel awards. Findings The findings reveal that a hostel experience carries a more symbolic than utilitarian meaning, especially in relation to its social dimension. Results indicate that a hostel stay is positively enhanced by ten key features, namely, staff, supplementary services (e.g. social activities), facilities, location, atmosphere, guests’ interactions, cleanliness, design and decoration, value for money and safety. Staff, supplementary services and facilities were the most mentioned hostel features, which emphasizes their potential to create a favourable environment for social interactions. Research limitations/implications Findings are restricted to a limited sample size and geographical area. The main limitation of the study lies, though, in the lack of studies concerning the specific context of hostels within a service experience approach. Practical implications Some hostels renounce low-quality stigma to establish themselves as a “cool” type of tourist accommodation. Offering a stay based on good value for money and social atmosphere, these establishments are shaping the industry’s future by both redefining the contemporary hostel’s image and attending to modern travellers’ specific needs. Given the increasing importance of hostels to tourism, this study provides information to scholars and industry practitioners who are interested in understanding how service experience can be enhanced in the hospitality industry. Originality/value This paper is a preliminary in-depth examination of factors that positively influence a hostel stay from a customer experience perspective. Thus, it provides insights into service experience management for the tourist accommodation sector.
Medéia Veríssimo; Carlos Costa. Unveiling the key features of a positive service experience at hostels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2019, 31, 4276 -4292.
AMA StyleMedéia Veríssimo, Carlos Costa. Unveiling the key features of a positive service experience at hostels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2019; 31 (11):4276-4292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedéia Veríssimo; Carlos Costa. 2019. "Unveiling the key features of a positive service experience at hostels." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 11: 4276-4292.
Dina Ramos; Carlos Costa; Filipe Teles. Tourism in low density areas. Tourism and Innovation 2019, 113 -126.
AMA StyleDina Ramos, Carlos Costa, Filipe Teles. Tourism in low density areas. Tourism and Innovation. 2019; ():113-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDina Ramos; Carlos Costa; Filipe Teles. 2019. "Tourism in low density areas." Tourism and Innovation , no. : 113-126.
The purpose of this paper is to focus on emerging research avenues for artisan entrepreneurship. The key findings of the articles in the special journal issue are discussed in terms of potential research issues that need to be discussed in future work. An overview of the main themes of artisan entrepreneurship in terms of cultural and tourism perspectives is undertaken. This helps to establish artisan entrepreneurship as a new and emerging field of entrepreneurship studies. There is more interest in artisan entrepreneurship due to its role in revitalizing economies and placing emphasis on cultural heritage and traditions. This paper will provide directions for future research on artisan, cultural and tourism entrepreneurship.
Vanessa Ratten; Carlos Costa; Marcel Bogers. Artisan, cultural and tourism entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2019, 25, 582 -591.
AMA StyleVanessa Ratten, Carlos Costa, Marcel Bogers. Artisan, cultural and tourism entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2019; 25 (4):582-591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Ratten; Carlos Costa; Marcel Bogers. 2019. "Artisan, cultural and tourism entrepreneurship." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 4: 582-591.
This chapter presents a methodology for building composite indicators to measure the public online search interest by tourist destinations. As an example, we have applied it to measure the online search interest of foreign markets, namely Spain, the UK and Germany by Portugal as a tourist destination. In order to build the composite indicators we extracted weekly and during one year, data from the Google Trends (GT) tool, based on the set of search terms chosen to define the destination Portugal. The composite indicators proposed are based on the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) conceptual framework and weighted by the arithmetic mean of seven primary indicators composed by fifteen sub-indicators. The results indicate the interest and popularity of Spanish, British and German foreigners by tourism in Portugal and country specific touristic products. The obtained results contribute definitively to support and help Destination Management Organizations (DMO) enabling timely decisions.
Maria Gorete Ferreira Dinis; Carlos Manuel Martins da Costa; Osvaldo Manuel Da Rocha Pacheco. Composite Indicators for Measuring the Online Search Interest by a Tourist Destination. Big Data and Innovation in Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality 2019, 1 -19.
AMA StyleMaria Gorete Ferreira Dinis, Carlos Manuel Martins da Costa, Osvaldo Manuel Da Rocha Pacheco. Composite Indicators for Measuring the Online Search Interest by a Tourist Destination. Big Data and Innovation in Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality. 2019; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Gorete Ferreira Dinis; Carlos Manuel Martins da Costa; Osvaldo Manuel Da Rocha Pacheco. 2019. "Composite Indicators for Measuring the Online Search Interest by a Tourist Destination." Big Data and Innovation in Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality , no. : 1-19.
This article considers how Acker’s (1990, 2012) framework of gendering processes can be a tool for the analysis of women managers’ careers in tourism organisations. Twenty-four women top-level managers in hotels and travel businesses were interviewed. The analysis of gendering processes in the organisations where these women work revealed that hidden discrimination is more pervasive than overt discrimination. Three main gender subtexts underlie these gendering processes: the notion of the ‘ideal’ unencumbered worker and assumptions of women’s greater family-orientation; the expectation that women are less competent than men; and male homosocial ties and exclusionary practices. It is concluded that Acker’s framework can be a good tool for de-legitimising subtle and normalised forms of discrimination in tourism organisations.
Inês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Anália Torres. Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management. Annals of Tourism Research 2018, 75, 79 -91.
AMA StyleInês Carvalho, Carlos Costa, Nina Lykke, Anália Torres. Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management. Annals of Tourism Research. 2018; 75 ():79-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Anália Torres. 2018. "Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management." Annals of Tourism Research 75, no. : 79-91.
Tourism is an important employer for women in many countries. However, despite this seeming ‘women-friendliness’, women are still underrepresented at the top of tourism businesses. Previous research on women managers' careers in tourism has neglected the analysis of their careers in the light of new career concepts, such as the boundaryless career. Hence, in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with twenty-four female senior managers in Portuguese hotels and travel businesses, including entrepreneurs across a wide range of business sizes. The aim was to analyse these women's perspectives on how they have reached the top. It is concluded that women regard their careers as an outcome of their inherent characteristics, agency and a desire to seize challenges that lead to intrinsic satisfaction. They downplay the role of both structural enablers and structural barriers. This article analyses these issues from a boundaryless career model perspective and with a gender lens.
Inês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Analia Torres. Agency, structures and women managers' views of their careers in tourism. Women's Studies International Forum 2018, 71, 1 -11.
AMA StyleInês Carvalho, Carlos Costa, Nina Lykke, Analia Torres. Agency, structures and women managers' views of their careers in tourism. Women's Studies International Forum. 2018; 71 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Analia Torres. 2018. "Agency, structures and women managers' views of their careers in tourism." Women's Studies International Forum 71, no. : 1-11.
A significant challenge faced by the tourism and hospitality industries in a rapidly changing world, is the ability to sustain organisational growth. Some of the main strategies for achieving organisational growth are those related to innovation, internationalisation and networking. Addressing tourism studies' contemporary shift to a focus on social influences, this study investigates the relations between gender and organisational growth. Qualitative analysis of focus groups with managers from the seven administrative regions in Portugal provides an in-depth account of tourism and gender issues based on empirical evidence. Viewing the ways in which tourism managers contribute to organisational growth through the angle of gender, this chapter provides a compelling account of the delicate and often invisible interactions between economic and social transactions. Results illustrate how women as a labour source are paradoxically viewed as both an asset and an impediment to organisational growth strategies.
Carlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Fiona Eva Bakas; Marília Durão; Isabel Pinho. “Female Charm”. Gender and Diversity 2018, 1789 -1808.
AMA StyleCarlos Costa, Zélia Breda, Fiona Eva Bakas, Marília Durão, Isabel Pinho. “Female Charm”. Gender and Diversity. 2018; ():1789-1808.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Fiona Eva Bakas; Marília Durão; Isabel Pinho. 2018. "“Female Charm”." Gender and Diversity , no. : 1789-1808.
Joana Almeida; Carlos Costa; Fernando Nunes da Silva. Collaborative approach for tourism conflict management: A Portuguese case study. Land Use Policy 2018, 75, 166 -179.
AMA StyleJoana Almeida, Carlos Costa, Fernando Nunes da Silva. Collaborative approach for tourism conflict management: A Portuguese case study. Land Use Policy. 2018; 75 ():166-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Almeida; Carlos Costa; Fernando Nunes da Silva. 2018. "Collaborative approach for tourism conflict management: A Portuguese case study." Land Use Policy 75, no. : 166-179.
Tourism is a predominantly a female economic activity. However, it is still men who prevail at the top. Studies on women as managers usually focus on the “glass ceiling,” i.e., the invisible barriers that hamper qualified women from reaching high-level positions. Hence, by leaving women who are “above the glass ceiling” unanalyzed, it is implicitly assumed by researchers that these women are in a position where gender is no longer an issue. To counteract this tendency, this exploratory study focuses on women top-level managers in tourism organizations. It aims to analyze how these women perceive the influence of gendering processes and gender power relations on their own careers and on women's careers in general in the field. It uses a feminist and qualitative methodological approach. The interviewees acknowledge how gender power relations and persisting gendering processes still affect them, even if they have reached a top position. It is concluded that there are lingering gender issues “above the glass ceiling,” and not only on the way to the top. Reaching a top-level management position does not remove the issue of gender from women's professional lives.
Inês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Anália Torres; Anna Wahl. Women at the top of tourism organizations: Views from the glass roof. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism 2018, 17, 397 -422.
AMA StyleInês Carvalho, Carlos Costa, Nina Lykke, Anália Torres, Anna Wahl. Women at the top of tourism organizations: Views from the glass roof. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 2018; 17 (4):397-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês Carvalho; Carlos Costa; Nina Lykke; Anália Torres; Anna Wahl. 2018. "Women at the top of tourism organizations: Views from the glass roof." Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism 17, no. 4: 397-422.
Helena Albuquerque; Carlos Costa; Filomena Martins. The use of Geographical Information Systems for Tourism Marketing purposes in Aveiro region (Portugal). Tourism Management Perspectives 2018, 26, 172 -178.
AMA StyleHelena Albuquerque, Carlos Costa, Filomena Martins. The use of Geographical Information Systems for Tourism Marketing purposes in Aveiro region (Portugal). Tourism Management Perspectives. 2018; 26 ():172-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelena Albuquerque; Carlos Costa; Filomena Martins. 2018. "The use of Geographical Information Systems for Tourism Marketing purposes in Aveiro region (Portugal)." Tourism Management Perspectives 26, no. : 172-178.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the best hostel practices and trends, and to evaluate and discuss how they are keeping up with the present demand created by the Millennials market. Design/methodology/approach Methodological approach is based on two complementary qualitative methods: ethnographic participant observation and netnography. Portuguese hostels are the target of this study, as they are considered some of the best in the world. First, a fieldwork was conducted in three top-rated hostels in Lisbon, aiming to immerse in hostel’s environment. Then, 300 online reviews were analysed to identify what customers value the most in those services. Data interpretation was done through a content analysis crossing supply-demand perspectives. Findings Results indicate that, while staying in a hostel, the Millennials want to: meet people, engage in activities and events, have local experiences, feel comfortable/at home, get good value for money and enjoy the convenience. In return, hostels play an important role in hospitality industry by pleasing the Millennials, by offering: central location, an interactive atmosphere, functional facilities, well-planned design and decoration, a set of activities and events and personal treatment. Originality/value This paper is one of the few to describe Millennials’ travel behaviour towards hostels’ services.
Medéia Veríssimo; Carlos Costa. Do hostels play a role in pleasing Millennial travellers? The Portuguese case. Journal of Tourism Futures 2018, 4, 57 -68.
AMA StyleMedéia Veríssimo, Carlos Costa. Do hostels play a role in pleasing Millennial travellers? The Portuguese case. Journal of Tourism Futures. 2018; 4 (1):57-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedéia Veríssimo; Carlos Costa. 2018. "Do hostels play a role in pleasing Millennial travellers? The Portuguese case." Journal of Tourism Futures 4, no. 1: 57-68.
Tourism is a highly gendered industry, with strong horizontal and vertical segregation of occupations and this inevitably contributes to an elevated gender wage gap in comparison to other industries. This article investigates some of the underlying causes of the gender wage gap and the ways in which gendered stereotypes and gender norms continue to influence tourism labor relations. Challenging the idea that women "choose" to accept lower wages than men as a neoliberalist rationale that has little bearing on reality, this article adopts a feminist economics lens and investigates how the gender wage gap is created and perpetuated in Portugal's tourism industry through a thematic analysis of tourism managers' narratives from focus groups conducted in 2013 and 2014. Viewing individual choice as a myth, the politico-economic conditions that inform people's actions according to gender roles they are expected to perform are explored. The most frequent gender equality measure adopted by tourism companies in Portugal is ensuring that remuneration is set according to objective criteria, which demonstrates the perceived importance of eradicating the gender pay gap. Despite this, thematic analysis of focus group narratives reveals a persisting inequality within tourism labor. These reveal that horizontal segregation, gendered geographical mobility, and the prevalence of men in hierarchical positions contribute to the maintenance of the gender wage gap in tourism, illustrating a contradiction between the perceived eradication of the gender wage gap and its continuing existence. This article therefore represents an exploration into the ways in which the gender wage gap within tourism is created and maintained.
Fiona Eva Bakas; Carlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Marília Durão. A Critical Approach to the Gender Wage Gap in Tourism Labor. Tourism Culture & Communication 2018, 18, 35 -49.
AMA StyleFiona Eva Bakas, Carlos Costa, Zélia Breda, Marília Durão. A Critical Approach to the Gender Wage Gap in Tourism Labor. Tourism Culture & Communication. 2018; 18 (1):35-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiona Eva Bakas; Carlos Costa; Zélia Breda; Marília Durão. 2018. "A Critical Approach to the Gender Wage Gap in Tourism Labor." Tourism Culture & Communication 18, no. 1: 35-49.
The aims of this study are manifold. First, to investigate the potentials of architectural heritage in the context of tourism destination development, as well as examine public sector policies and make plans toward the preservation of these resources. Secondly, to appraise the outcome of preservation and its implications for tourism. The study is an effort to explore and understand the interrelationships between tourism and architectural heritage sites through tourist image and perception. For the purposes of this research, numerous heritage sites were sampled in Portugal. A mixed research method was utilized to gauge tourists’ image/perception of heritage resources, and impact (quantitative approach). A qualitative approach was utilized to assess the priority of tourists in their visits and public-sector policies toward heritage resource management and planning. The fuzzy logic method was used to assess the architectural value and the tourist and preservation potential of historical buildings in Porto/Aveiro. The contribution and implications of the study are also explained. The results revealed that architectural heritage resources have the most appeal to tourists. The study to date demonstrates the architectural value and tourist and preservation potential of the buildings observed via evaluation by fuzzy logic methods.
Shahrbanoo Gholitabar; Habib Alipour; Carlos Manuel Martins Da Costa. An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management Implications for Tourism: The Case of Portugal. Sustainability 2018, 10, 93 .
AMA StyleShahrbanoo Gholitabar, Habib Alipour, Carlos Manuel Martins Da Costa. An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management Implications for Tourism: The Case of Portugal. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahrbanoo Gholitabar; Habib Alipour; Carlos Manuel Martins Da Costa. 2018. "An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management Implications for Tourism: The Case of Portugal." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 93.