Hesperidin, a secondary orange (Citrus sinensis) metabolite, was extracted from orange bagasse. No organic solvents or additional energy consumption were used in the clean and sustainable process. Hesperidin purity was approximately 98% and had a yield of 1%. Hesperidin is a known supplement due to antioxidant, chelating, and anti-ageing properties. Herein, hesperidin application to eliminate dark eye circles, which are sensitive and thin skin regions, was studied. In addition, the proposed method for its aqueous extraction was especially important for human consumption. Further, the most effective methods for hesperidin nanonization were explored, after which the nanoemulsions were incorporated into a cream formulation that was formulated for a tropical climate. Silky cream formulations (oil in water) were tested in vitro on artificial 3D skin from cultured cells extracted from skin residues after plastic surgery. The proposed in vitro assay avoided tests of the different formulations in human volunteers and animals. It was shown that one of the nanonized hesperidin formulations was the most skin-friendly and might be used in cosmetics.

Thrombosis, a critical pathological event characterized by excessive clot formation, is primarily regulated by the fibrinolytic system, where plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) are pivotal. Among them, PAI-1 is the most relevant due to its strong inhibitory effect on fibrinolysis, contributing to various thrombotic disorders. In addition, PAI-2 and PAI-3 have been implicated in distinct physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding their structural and functional characteristics is essential for the development of targeted anticoagulant therapies. This study comprehensively analyzes the secondary and tertiary structures of PAI-1, PAI-2, and PAI-3, highlighting conserved domains and their roles in protein function. Comparative phylogenetic analysis confirms their evolutionary relationships, reinforcing their shared inhibitory mechanisms. Structural superimposition and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) calculations demonstrate varying degrees of similarity among these inhibitors, with PAI-2 and PAI-3 being more closely related. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to identify natural product-derived inhibitors, focusing on tanshinones and phenolic acids extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Among these compounds, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA sulfate exhibited the highest binding affinity and stability, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for the development of novel fibrinolytic agents. Our findings contribute to understanding PAI structural dynamics and provide insights into natural inhibitor design, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies against thrombosis and related disorders.

We show the purification of different thrombin-like snake venom serine proteases from the Crotalus family. These proteins were characterized applying biophysical techniques. At the same time, using proteins with a known structure and homolog to our targets, molecular docking study was performed... Evento destinado a todos os alunos de graduação da UNICAMP que desenvolvem projetos de Iniciação Científica, com financiamento de alguma agência de fomento ou de maneira voluntária.