Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) demonstrate superior hardware efficiency. They benefit from the technology scaling; however, they exhibit inferior performance against supply noise. The objective of this work is, therefore, to present a VCO-based ADC architecture with built-in immunity against supply noise. The proposed technique exploits the dynamics of injection locking oscillation in multiphase ring topology. It provides a system-level cancelling of power supply noise, independent of the VCO architecture used in the time-mode ADC. The design functionality has been demonstrated using behavioral and transistor-level simulations using 65nm technology. Under a 10% mismatch of VCO gain and a 128 MS/s data rate, the reported power supply noise rejection (PSNR) improvement is 25 dB, as compared with a typical VCO-based ADC.

The safeguarding of intellectual property and maintaining privacy for video content are closely linked to the effectiveness of security protocols employed in internet streaming platforms. The inadequate implementation of security measures by content providers has resulted in security breaches within entertainment applications, hence causing a reduction in the client base. This research aimed to enhance the security measures employed for video content by implementing a multi-key approach for encryption and decryption processes. The aforementioned objective was successfully accomplished through the use of hybrid methodologies, the production of dynamic keys, and the implementation of user-attribute-based techniques. The main aim of the study was to improve the security measures associated with the process of generating video material. The proposed methodology integrates a system of mathematical equations and a pseudorandom key within its execution. This novel approach significantly augments the degree of security the encryption mechanism provides. The proposed methodology utilises a set of mathematical equations that are randomly employed to achieve encryption. Using a random selection procedure contributes to the overall enhancement of the system’s security. The suggested methodology entails the division of the video into smaller entities known as chunks. Following this, every segment is subjected to encryption using unique keys that are produced dynamically in real-time. The proposed methodology is executed via Android platforms. The transmitter application is tasked with the responsibility of facilitating the streaming of the video content, whereas the receiver application serves the purpose of presenting the video to the user. A careful study was conducted to compare and contrast the suggested method with other similar methods that were already in use. The results of the study strongly support the safety and dependability of the procedure that was made available.

In this paper a new CMOS voltage-to-current converter (VTC) circuit with rail-to-rail dynamic range is proposed. The circuit is dedicated for integrated circuits that require low-voltage power supply. The input/output voltage dynamic range of conventional VTC circuits is usually impaired by the reduced of power supply voltage. The proposed VTC aims to alleviate non-desirable the effects of the reduction of the power supply voltage on the VTC dynamic range by using a combination of voltage followers. It is designed using the transistor models of the 65 nm CMOS technology and it is intended to operate with low power supply voltages. SPICE simulation results demonstrate that the input dynamic range of the proposed VTC circuit covers the entire range from 0 V to 1.2 V, the maximum range allowed by the used power supply. This rail-to-rail property makes the proposed VTC circuit highly suitable for CMOS integrated circuits low-voltage applications.