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Higher education institutions (HEIs) consume significant energy and water and contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. HEIs are under pressure internally and externally to improve their overall performance on reducing GHG emissions within their boundaries. It is necessary to identify critical areas of high GHG emissions within a campus to help find solutions to improve the overall sustainability performance of the campus. An integrated probabilistic-fuzzy framework is developed to help universities address the uncertainty associated with the reporting of water, energy, and carbon (WEC) flows within a campus. The probabilistic assessment using Monte Carlo Simulations effectively addressed the aleatory uncertainties, due to the randomness in the variations of the recorded WEC usages, while the fuzzy synthetic evaluation addressed the epistemic uncertainties, due to vagueness in the linguistic variables associated with WEC benchmarks. The developed framework is applied to operational, academic, and residential buildings at the University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus). Three scenarios are analyzed, allocating the partial preference to water, or energy, or carbon. Furthermore, nine temporal seasons are generated to assess the variability, due to occupancy and climate changes. Finally, the aggregation is completed for the assessed buildings. The study reveals that climatic and type of buildings significantly affect the overall performance of a university. This study will help the sustainability centers and divisions in HEIs assess the spatiotemporal variability of WEC flows and effectively address the uncertainties to cover a wide range of human judgment.
Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Guangji Hu; Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha; Husnain Haider; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Investigating Spatiotemporal Variability of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows: A Probabilistic Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Framework for Higher Education Institutions. Environments 2021, 8, 72 .
AMA StyleAbdulaziz Alghamdi, Guangji Hu, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Husnain Haider, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Investigating Spatiotemporal Variability of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows: A Probabilistic Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Framework for Higher Education Institutions. Environments. 2021; 8 (8):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulaziz Alghamdi; Guangji Hu; Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha; Husnain Haider; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2021. "Investigating Spatiotemporal Variability of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows: A Probabilistic Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Framework for Higher Education Institutions." Environments 8, no. 8: 72.
Effective marine oil spill management (MOSM) is crucial to minimize the catastrophic impacts of oil spills. MOSM is a complex system affected by various factors, such as characteristics of spilled oil and environmental conditions. Oil spill detection, characterization, and monitoring; risk evaluation; response selection and process optimization; and waste management are the key components of MOSM demanding timely decision-making. Applying robust computational techniques based on real-time data (e.g., satellite and aerial observations) and historical records of oil spill incidents may considerably facilitate decision-making processes. Various soft-computing and artificial intelligence-based models and mathematical techniques have been used for the implementation of MOSM’s components. This study presents a review of literature published since 2010 on the application of computational techniques in MOSM. A statistical evaluation is performed concerning the temporal distribution of papers, publishers’ engagement, research subfields, countries of studies, and selected case studies. Key findings reported in the literature are summarized for two main practices in MOSM: spill detection, characterization, and monitoring; and spill management and response optimization. Potential gaps in applying computational techniques in MOSM have been identified, and a holistic computational-based framework has been suggested for effective MOSM.
Saeed Mohammadiun; Guangji Hu; Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Intelligent Computational Techniques in Marine Oil Spill Management: A Critical Review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 419, 126425 .
AMA StyleSaeed Mohammadiun, Guangji Hu, Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Jianbing Li, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Intelligent Computational Techniques in Marine Oil Spill Management: A Critical Review. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 419 ():126425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaeed Mohammadiun; Guangji Hu; Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2021. "Intelligent Computational Techniques in Marine Oil Spill Management: A Critical Review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 419, no. : 126425.
An integrated geospatial correlation analysis (GCA)-human health risk assessment (HHRA) approach was developed to investigate abandoned industrial sites featured by heterogeneous contamination data. Critical areas of high health risk concerns can be prioritized for remediation using the integrated approach. An abandoned chemical complex site in Hubei, China was investigated as a case study. GCA and HHRA were performed using soil and groundwater sampling data collected in 2016 and 2019. Benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, 2-nitrochlorobenzene, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane were determined to be critical contaminants in soil. The 2019 sampling data revealed new contaminated locations that were not found in the 2016 sampling campaign. High concentrations (89.81–386.55 mg/L) of vinyl chloride were also found in groundwater samples. Several critical location clusters of high concentrations of dichlorobenzenes, chlorobenzene, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane were found within the site according to the GCA outcomes. These contaminants could pose significant cancer and non-cancer risks to onsite workers. The critical areas were ranked according to cancer and non-cancer risks estimated by HHRA, respectively, for informed remediation planning. Among the critical contaminants, α-hexachlorocyclohexane, 2-nitrochlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in soil, as well as vinyl chloride in groundwater, contributed a predominant part to the total health risk. The integrated approach can be used to assess the contamination of other similar abandoned industrial complex sites.
Guangji Hu; Huan Liu; Chang Chen; Jianbing Li; Haobo Hou; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. An integrated geospatial correlation analysis and human health risk assessment approach for investigating abandoned industrial sites. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 293, 112891 .
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Huan Liu, Chang Chen, Jianbing Li, Haobo Hou, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. An integrated geospatial correlation analysis and human health risk assessment approach for investigating abandoned industrial sites. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 293 ():112891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Huan Liu; Chang Chen; Jianbing Li; Haobo Hou; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2021. "An integrated geospatial correlation analysis and human health risk assessment approach for investigating abandoned industrial sites." Journal of Environmental Management 293, no. : 112891.
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in water distribution networks (WDNs) is a common type of water quality failure. A reliable DBPs modeling can be a way to prevent a water quality failure. In this study, generalized regression neural network (GRNN)-based models were developed to predict the occurrence of three unregulated DBPs i.e. dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloropropanone (TCP), and trichloronitromethane (TCNM). Water sampling data of several WDNs were used to develop models. Water quality parameters and regulated DBPs were used as predictors to models. The results were validated and verified. Besides, key predictors were identified followed by the sensitivity analysis. The coefficient of determination (R2) of GRNN-based models was >75% for DCAN and TCP; whereas for TCNM, the R2 < 45% was observed. The GRNN-based models exhibited better prediction accuracy compared with recently developed multiple linear regression models. The proposed framework can be used to develop models of other contaminants.
Haroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; Rehan Sadiq. Predicting unregulated disinfection by-products in water distribution networks using generalized regression neural networks. Urban Water Journal 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleHaroon R. Mian, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, Manuel J. Rodriguez, Rehan Sadiq. Predicting unregulated disinfection by-products in water distribution networks using generalized regression neural networks. Urban Water Journal. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; Rehan Sadiq. 2021. "Predicting unregulated disinfection by-products in water distribution networks using generalized regression neural networks." Urban Water Journal , no. : 1-14.
Zawad Abedin; Jianbing Li; Guangji Hu. Challenges and Critical Water Quality Issues in Micro Water Systems in British Columbia, Canada. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'21) 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleZawad Abedin, Jianbing Li, Guangji Hu. Challenges and Critical Water Quality Issues in Micro Water Systems in British Columbia, Canada. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'21). 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZawad Abedin; Jianbing Li; Guangji Hu. 2021. "Challenges and Critical Water Quality Issues in Micro Water Systems in British Columbia, Canada." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'21) , no. : 1.
Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, and its recovery and recycling are necessary for meeting future P demands and environmental conservation. Ash and hydrochar from incineration and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of municipal sludge, respectively, represent promising sources for efficient P recovery. The full-scale application of wet-chemical techniques has proven their technical feasibility for P recovery from sludge-derived ash. HTL for sludge treatment has received significant attention for producing biocrude with net-positive energy recovery. P recovery from the solid by-product of sludge HTL, hydrochar, is a critical step in holistic sustainable sludge management. This review aims to guide P recovery from sludge-derived ash and hydrochar by presenting recent advances in wet-chemical extraction and precipitation. By comparing their characteristics, ash and hydrochar derived from municipal sludge exhibit similar feasibilities and challenges for P recovery. Extraction is recognized as the critical step for P recovery. The advantages and disadvantages of various P extraction approaches are provided. Acidic extraction achieves high efficiency (up to 100%) but requires removal of co-extracted heavy metals. Alkaline extraction prevents metals contamination but shows low efficiency (<70%). Sequential extraction is first identified as an important advance in this review, with promising P extraction efficiencies (70–91%) and low metal interferences. Three possible fertilizers (struvite, calcium phosphates, and vivianite) are recommended through the final precipitation, given their pros and cons of recovery. Ultimately, this review highlights the need for a wastewater biorefinery integrating wastewater treatment, HTL (energy recovery), and nutrient recovery for sustainable sludge management.
Huan Liu; Guangji Hu; Ibrahim Alper Basar; Jianbing Li; Nathalie Lyczko; Ange Nzihou; Cigdem Eskicioglu. Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 417, 129300 .
AMA StyleHuan Liu, Guangji Hu, Ibrahim Alper Basar, Jianbing Li, Nathalie Lyczko, Ange Nzihou, Cigdem Eskicioglu. Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 417 ():129300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuan Liu; Guangji Hu; Ibrahim Alper Basar; Jianbing Li; Nathalie Lyczko; Ange Nzihou; Cigdem Eskicioglu. 2021. "Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management." Chemical Engineering Journal 417, no. : 129300.
Reliable water quality monitoring and assessment can help to minimize the risk of water quality failures (WQFs) in water distribution networks (WDNs). Indexing-based water quality assessment approaches classify water quality based on contaminant concentrations. However, the resultant indices do not provide any information on trade-offs between water quality and quantity. The need to preserve the earth's natural resources has drawn attention to the use of footprint approaches to assess water quality. This paper uses a water footprint concept to develop a grey water footprint (GWF)-based framework for water quality assessment. A probabilistic human health risk assessment (HHRA) is also incorporated in the GWF approach to address the uncertainties. The proposed framework was implemented by considering the disinfection by-products (DBPs) in WDNs as a case study, and the results were compared with those generated using the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) approach. Six drinking water quality management strategies (DWQMSs) were evaluated. The results from both approaches were correlated, indicating GWF as an alternative to CWQI. The assessment results showed that DWQMSs having groundwater as a source deliver better water quality in terms of DBPs occurrence compared to those using a surface water source. The GWF approach helps categorize water quality by estimating the theoretical volume of fresh water required to dilute the contaminant concentrations to below threshold levels. Water stakeholders can apply this framework considering any contaminants to drinking water quality using a quantitative water footprint scale and develop a trade-off between water quality and quantity management.
Haroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; Rehan Sadiq. Drinking water quality assessment in distribution networks: A water footprint approach. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 775, 145844 .
AMA StyleHaroon R. Mian, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, Manuel J. Rodriguez, Rehan Sadiq. Drinking water quality assessment in distribution networks: A water footprint approach. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 775 ():145844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; Rehan Sadiq. 2021. "Drinking water quality assessment in distribution networks: A water footprint approach." Science of The Total Environment 775, no. : 145844.
Oil-based drill cuttings (OBDCs) were managed in two scenarios including low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) and secure landfill through a case study. The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in OBDCs by LTTD under different conditions was investigated. Probabilistic human health risk assessment was performed to quantify the health risk posed to waste management workers under the two scenarios, while the associated costs were also analyzed. The results show that LTTD at 300 °C for >20 min could remove 96.27% of PAHs in OBDCs but its removal effect on heavy metals was not significant. It was found that cancer risks posed by PAHs in both securely landfilled and LTTD-treated OBDCs were not significant (<1e-06); however, significant cancer risks (7.95e-05–9.45e-05) were identified for exposure to toxic heavy metals. Increased health risk was observed as a result of exposure to LTTD treatment residues compared to securely landfilled OBDCs. Inhalation of chromium(VI) and oral ingestion of arsenic in OBDCs were critical exposure routes. Both cancer and non-cancer risks in the secure landfill scenario were negligible. The cost analysis results suggest that LTTD combined with stabilization/solidification could be more economically attractive than secure landfill for the handling of OBDCs.
Guangji Hu; Huan Liu; Chang Chen; Haobo Hou; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Low-temperature thermal desorption and secure landfill for oil-based drill cuttings management: Pollution control, human health risk, and probabilistic cost assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 410, 124570 .
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Huan Liu, Chang Chen, Haobo Hou, Jianbing Li, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Low-temperature thermal desorption and secure landfill for oil-based drill cuttings management: Pollution control, human health risk, and probabilistic cost assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 410 ():124570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Huan Liu; Chang Chen; Haobo Hou; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2020. "Low-temperature thermal desorption and secure landfill for oil-based drill cuttings management: Pollution control, human health risk, and probabilistic cost assessment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 410, no. : 124570.
In recent years, ionic liquids have received increasing interests as an effective demulsifier due to their characteristics of non-flammability, thermal stability, recyclability, and low vapor pressure. In this study, emulsion formation and types, chemical demulsification system, the application of ionic liquids as a chemical demulsifier, and key factors affecting their performance were comprehensively reviewed. Future challenges and opportunities of ionic liquids application for chemical demulsification were also discussed. The review indicted that the demulsification performance was affected by the type, molecular weight, and concentration of ionic liquids. Moreover, other factors, including the salinity of aqueous phase, temperature, and oil types, could affect the demulsification process. It can be concluded that ionic liquids can be used as a suitable substitute for commercial demulsifiers, but future efforts should be required to develop non-toxic and less expensive ionic liquids with low viscosity, and the demulsification efficiency could be improved through the application of ionic liquids with other methods such as organic solvents.
Nahid Hassanshahi; Guangji Hu; Jianbing Li. Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review. Molecules 2020, 25, 4915 .
AMA StyleNahid Hassanshahi, Guangji Hu, Jianbing Li. Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4915.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNahid Hassanshahi; Guangji Hu; Jianbing Li. 2020. "Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4915.
A fuzzy decision tree (FDT) based framework was developed to facilitate the selection of suitable oil spill response methods in the Arctic. Hypothetical oil spill cases were developed based on six identified attributes, while the suitability of three spill response methods (mechanical containment and recovery, use of chemical dispersants, and in-situ burning) for each spill case was obtained based on expert judgments. Fuzzy sets were used to address the associated uncertainties, and FDTs were then developed through generating: i) one decision tree for all three response methods (FDT-AP1) and ii) one decision tree for each response method and the development of linear regression models at terminal nodes (FDT-LR). The FDT-LR approach exhibited higher prediction accuracy than the FDT-AP1 approach. A maximum of 100% accurate predictions could be achieved for testing cases using it. On average, 75% of suitable oil spill response methods out of 10,000 performed iterations were predicted correctly.
Guangji Hu; Saeed Mohammadiun; Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Selection of oil spill response method in Arctic offshore waters: A fuzzy decision tree based framework. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020, 161, 111705 .
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Saeed Mohammadiun, Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Jianbing Li, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Selection of oil spill response method in Arctic offshore waters: A fuzzy decision tree based framework. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2020; 161 ():111705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Saeed Mohammadiun; Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh; Jianbing Li; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2020. "Selection of oil spill response method in Arctic offshore waters: A fuzzy decision tree based framework." Marine Pollution Bulletin 161, no. : 111705.
Aquatic centres (ACs) are becoming exceedingly popular in the urban agglomerations of cold climate countries like Canada but functioning without assessing the state of their sustainability performance. Previous studies examined health and safety, water and indoor air quality, and energy consumption aspects without aiming at the holistic sustainability performance assessment. The present research is the first systematic effort for benchmarking of ACs. A hierarchical-based framework arranged 81 performance indicators to appraise the key components, including water management, indoor environment, personnel, service quality, energy, social, and operations. Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy mean clustering methods evaluated the identified PIs based on the opinion of experts (from Canadian aquatic centres) on their importance, measurability, and understandability. Finally, the selection process ranked a set of 63 most suitable PIs under 14 sub-criteria. Fuzzy-based methods efficiently handled the subjective scoring process and the difference of opinion among the experts. The criteria performance indices inform the top-level management while the sub-indices stipulate the operations management for honing in the lacking indicators. Using the selected PIs, the AC's management can allocate the available resources for both the short-term (e.g., efficient response to complaints) and long-term (e.g., replacing failed manually operated fixtures with the sensor-operated ones) improvement actions. The selected PIs will enhance the sustainability of ACs in Canada and other cold regions around the globe through a structured benchmarking process.
Sana Saleem; Husnain Haider; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Performance indicators for aquatic centres in Canada: Identification and selection using fuzzy based methods. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 751, 141619 .
AMA StyleSana Saleem, Husnain Haider, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Performance indicators for aquatic centres in Canada: Identification and selection using fuzzy based methods. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 751 ():141619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSana Saleem; Husnain Haider; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2020. "Performance indicators for aquatic centres in Canada: Identification and selection using fuzzy based methods." Science of The Total Environment 751, no. : 141619.
In Canada, higher educational institutions (HEIs) are responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption and anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving the environmental performance of HEIs is an important step to achieve nationwide impact reduction. Academic buildings are among the largest infrastructure units in HEIs. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the environmental performance of academic buildings during their operations. Identifying critical academic buildings posing high impacts calls for methodologies that can holistically assess the environmental performance of buildings with respect to water and energy consumption, and GHG emission. This study proposes a fuzzy clustering approach to classify academic buildings in an HEI and benchmark their environmental performance in terms of water, energy, and carbon flows. To account for the fuzzy uncertainties in partitioning, the fuzzy c-means algorithm is employed to classify the buildings based on water, energy, and carbon flow indicators. The application of the developed methodology is demonstrated by a case study of 71 academic buildings in the University of British Columbia, Canada. The assessed buildings are grouped into three clusters representing different levels of performances with different degrees of membership. The environmental performance of each cluster is then benchmarked. Based on the results, the environmental performances of academic buildings are holistically determined, and the building clusters associated with low environmental performances are identified for potential improvements. The subsequent benchmark will allow HEIs to compare the impacts of academic building operations and set realistic targets for impact reduction.
Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Guangji Hu; Husnain Haider; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Benchmarking of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows in Academic Buildings: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4422 .
AMA StyleAbdulaziz Alghamdi, Guangji Hu, Husnain Haider, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Benchmarking of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows in Academic Buildings: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulaziz Alghamdi; Guangji Hu; Husnain Haider; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2020. "Benchmarking of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows in Academic Buildings: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4422.
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in public indoor swimming pools (ISP) are a major human health risk concern. Various DBPs control strategies have been developed as an integral part of ISP management; however, these strategies are associated with different energy and resource consumption and environmental impacts. In this study, a process-based life cycle assessment (P-LCA) framework is developed for determining the environmental impacts of DBPs control strategies in ISP management. The developed framework requires ISP operation information such as energy, water, and chemical use, and concentration data under each DBPs control strategy as inputs. The ReCipe2016 midpoint method is used to process the inputs and quantify the lifecycle impacts in terms of three categories: energy, water and chemicals. Based on the outputs, the best strategy is selected using the TOPSIS method. The developed framework is applied to an ISP located in Vancouver (Canada) to evaluate seven DBPs control strategies associated with various air circulation rates. The DBPs concentration data were sourced from a previous sampling campaign. The results show that energy use is the main contributor (87–94%) to the total environmental impacts as compared to chemical and water use (6–13%). Among the tested strategies, reduction of fan speed can yield maximum environmental benefits without compromising the DBPs control performance. On the other hand, supply of 100% fresh air at normal fan speeds results in higher environmental impacts compared to a baseline case despite the lower DBPs releases. The proposed P-LCA framework can facilitate pool operators in selecting low impact DBPs control strategies for sustainable ISP management.
Anber Rana; Roberta Dyck; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; M. Shahria Alam; Rehan Sadiq. A process-based LCA for selection of low-impact DBPs control strategy for indoor swimming pool operation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 270, 122372 .
AMA StyleAnber Rana, Roberta Dyck, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, Manuel J. Rodriguez, M. Shahria Alam, Rehan Sadiq. A process-based LCA for selection of low-impact DBPs control strategy for indoor swimming pool operation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 270 ():122372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnber Rana; Roberta Dyck; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Manuel J. Rodriguez; M. Shahria Alam; Rehan Sadiq. 2020. "A process-based LCA for selection of low-impact DBPs control strategy for indoor swimming pool operation." Journal of Cleaner Production 270, no. : 122372.
Water utilities around the globe strive to provide safe and reliable drinking water supplies to the public. Based on human health and aesthetic considerations, various water quality parameters have been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for effective water quality monitoring and communication. The water quality parameters are listed in the Guidelines for Drinking‐water Quality, providing references to water regulatory authorities in developing water guidelines/standards that fit local circumstances. Water quality parameters can generally be divided into four aspects, including chemical, biological, radiological, and acceptability parameters. Water quality failure in water distribution systems (WDSs) can pose great threats to human health since a WDS in many cases is the last barrier providing water quality protection. In WDSs, five important pathways, including contaminant intrusion, leaching and corrosion, permeation, biofilm formation and microbial regrowth, and the formation of disinfectant byproducts (DBPs), are responsible for water quality failure. A water quality management system (WQMS) comprises operational protocols and communication mechanisms and is required as guidance on effective water quality management. A WQMS standard has also been recommended by the WHO to assist water supply stakeholders in developing localized water quality management frameworks to minimize the risk of water quality failure.
Guangji Hu; Haroon R. Mian; James Hager; Rehan Sadiq. Water Quality Failure Pathways. Encyclopedia of Water 2019, 1 -12.
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Haroon R. Mian, James Hager, Rehan Sadiq. Water Quality Failure Pathways. Encyclopedia of Water. 2019; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Haroon R. Mian; James Hager; Rehan Sadiq. 2019. "Water Quality Failure Pathways." Encyclopedia of Water , no. : 1-12.
Water is considered one of the key elements of life. It is important to deliver, manage, and maintain the quantity and quality of drinking water for safe ingestion. Water is supplied through a water distribution system (WDS), which delivers water from the source to end consumers with required flow and pressure. Moreover, water treatment is applied to maintain the quality of water. To achieve the required water quantity and quality, it is important to evaluate the conditions of water in WDS. Motivated by rapid population growth and urbanization, city planners, designers, and engineers are more interested in evaluating water quantity and quality in the planning phase. Development of models (numerical or conceptual) has become a widely recognized approach for any system, especially in the evaluation stage. Several models have been developed in the context of WDS to evaluate water quantity and quality, and most of these have been developed based on real‐world water sampling data. This article comprehensively reviews the existing hydraulic and quality models that have been applied in various WDSs. Some of the commonly used water modeling software used in WDS hydraulic and quality designs are also listed.
Haroon R. Mian; Sana Saleem; Guangji Hu; Rehan Sadiq. Water Distribution Systems: Hydraulics and Quality Modeling. Encyclopedia of Water 2019, 1 -11.
AMA StyleHaroon R. Mian, Sana Saleem, Guangji Hu, Rehan Sadiq. Water Distribution Systems: Hydraulics and Quality Modeling. Encyclopedia of Water. 2019; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaroon R. Mian; Sana Saleem; Guangji Hu; Rehan Sadiq. 2019. "Water Distribution Systems: Hydraulics and Quality Modeling." Encyclopedia of Water , no. : 1-11.
Providing sufficient water with appropriate quality has been an important challenge in human history. This challenge has become more significant in recent years due to increased water demands as a result of global population growth. To address the challenge, water infrastructure, known as water supply system, has been specially designed to provide a sufficient supply of clean water to the public. A water supply system broadly consists of four components: collection works, treatment works, transmission works, and distribution works. Among these components, distribution works, also collectively known as a water distribution system (WDS), is recognized as one of the main components of the water supply system. WDS comprises pipes, storage tanks, valves, and pumps. A WDS can be very complex because different types of components are used and different areas may have different water demands. Many efforts have been made to improve WDSs for better water supply services. These studies developed some design parameters to ensure reliable, long‐range operations of WDSs. This article classifies WDSs according to their sizes and components and highlights some key challenges related to the operation and management of WDSs.
Sana Saleem; Haroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu. Water Distribution System. Encyclopedia of Water 2019, 1 -11.
AMA StyleSana Saleem, Haroon R. Mian, Guangji Hu. Water Distribution System. Encyclopedia of Water. 2019; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSana Saleem; Haroon R. Mian; Guangji Hu. 2019. "Water Distribution System." Encyclopedia of Water , no. : 1-11.
The City of White Rock, Canada has been facing challenges of elevated concentrations of arsenic and manganese in its drinking water supply. A pilot water treatment study was conducted to explore effective contaminant removal solutions for human health risk mitigation. The arsenic and manganese removal performance of four treatment processes, including ozonation-manganese greensand filtration (OSF), OSF-iron-based granular media adsorption (OSFIA), the Burgess Iron Removal Method (BIRM), and BIRM-iron-based granular media adsorption (BIA) were evaluated. The non-cancer health risks and the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) posed by arsenic in different water sources were also assessed. The results show that OSFIA treatment achieved the highest arsenic and manganese removal. An average arsenic removal rate of 68.5% (initial concentration = 9.3 μg/L) was observed using OSFIA during two months of treatment, while manganese (initial concentration = 133.9 μg/L) can be completely removed. The arsenic removal was mainly be attributed to the adsorption of iron-based granular media. The mean values of non-cancer health risks of arsenic exposure due to oral intake of treated water were identified to be lower than the critical threshold for different age groups. In addition, the probability of critical ILCR occurrence can be greatly reduced. Based on the results from the pilot study, OSFIA was selected to construct a full-scale water treatment plant. Arsenic and manganese concentrations in the effluent from the plant can be reduced to a low-to-undetectable level, achieving negligible health risks to the residents of the city.
Guangji Hu; Haroon R. Mian; Roberta Dyck; Madjid Mohseni; Saad Jasim; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Drinking Water Treatments for Arsenic and Manganese Removal and Health Risk Assessment in White Rock, Canada. Exposure and Health 2019, 12, 793 -807.
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Haroon R. Mian, Roberta Dyck, Madjid Mohseni, Saad Jasim, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Drinking Water Treatments for Arsenic and Manganese Removal and Health Risk Assessment in White Rock, Canada. Exposure and Health. 2019; 12 (4):793-807.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Haroon R. Mian; Roberta Dyck; Madjid Mohseni; Saad Jasim; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2019. "Drinking Water Treatments for Arsenic and Manganese Removal and Health Risk Assessment in White Rock, Canada." Exposure and Health 12, no. 4: 793-807.
Unintended release of flowback water as a result of above-ground walled storage system (AGWSS) failure was studied using a fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA). A fault tree comprising 45 basic events was constructed, and knowledge gathered through expert elicitation was used to estimate the occurrence possibilities of basic events. Fuzzy logic was introduced to reduce the epistemic uncertainties in expert judgments. Consistency analysis and grey pairwise comparison techniques were used to weight the judgments from different experts. The result of a case study shows that the failure probability of AGWSS was estimated to be 5.75E-04, indicating a relatively low level of failure possibility comparing to other systems used for oil and gas production. Importance analysis of basic events indicates that loss of containment integrity, water loading accidents, and external catastrophes are critical causes responsible for AGWSS failure. The developed FFTA methodology can be used by the unconventional gas industry for mitigation of flowback water spill risk.
Guangji Hu; HieuChi Phan; Rachid Ouache; Himani Gandhi; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Fuzzy fault tree analysis of hydraulic fracturing flowback water storage failure. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 2019, 72, 103039 .
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, HieuChi Phan, Rachid Ouache, Himani Gandhi, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Fuzzy fault tree analysis of hydraulic fracturing flowback water storage failure. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2019; 72 ():103039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; HieuChi Phan; Rachid Ouache; Himani Gandhi; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2019. "Fuzzy fault tree analysis of hydraulic fracturing flowback water storage failure." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 72, no. : 103039.
Low-impact development (LID), a land planning and engineering design approach for managing urban stormwater runoff, has been widely adopted across the globe. LID best management practices (BMPs) are man-made features that rely on natural processes to manage stormwater water quantity and quality. In this article, recent literature (published after the year 2008) related to nine BMPs was reviewed to highlight the ranges in treatment efficiencies for 21 of the most frequently investigated runoff parameters. The primary function, pros and cons, and factors affecting performance of each BMP were discussed. A frequency analysis of the reviewed parameters showed that total suspended solids, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, runoff reduction, and zinc concentrations were the most frequently investigated stormwater runoff parameters. Five recurring themes were observed with regards to knowledge gaps and conflicting objectives for research related to LID BMPs that include: (i) lack of consensus on which parameters to measure for effective LID adoption, (ii) BMP performance is highly variable, (iii) many BMPs are known exporters of nutrient pollutants, (iv) lack of cold weather performance-specific studies for individual BMPs, and (v) lack of human pathogen-related stormwater quality studies for individual BMPs. Suggestions for future research are discussed to address these knowledge gaps.
James Hager; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Performance of low-impact development best management practices: a critical review. Environmental Reviews 2019, 27, 17 -42.
AMA StyleJames Hager, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Performance of low-impact development best management practices: a critical review. Environmental Reviews. 2019; 27 (1):17-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames Hager; Guangji Hu; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2019. "Performance of low-impact development best management practices: a critical review." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 1: 17-42.
Chemical additives used in hydraulic fracturing (HF) for unconventional natural gas production can be a risk to environmental and human health (EHH). The EHH risk is affected by three factors: the chemical hazard measured, the certainty of the measured hazard, and the use frequencies of additives. Limited studies have holistically assessed the EHH risks of HF additives. This study qualitatively analyzed the EHH risks of 105 representative HF additives used in British Columbia, Canada, based on the three previously listed factors using a fuzzy clustering analysis approach. The performance of additives on these factors was converted into indices using an indexing system. The indices were grouped into seven clusters according to their relative similarities. The EHH risk of each cluster was interpreted based on the resulting indices. Results show that additives grouped in clusters 7 and 2 have relatively high EHH risks, which require special attention in HF operations. Clusters 4, 1, and 5 were identified as having moderate EHH risks, while clusters 6 and 3 are of low EHH risk concerns. Many iron control agents were classified into cluster 7, indicating that this type of additives is associated with a high EHH risk. Many friction reducers and gelling agents were classified into cluster 4 characterized by the highest hazard uncertainty. Assessment of hypothetical fracturing fluids shows that using additives grouped in clusters with a low risk could help mitigate the EHH impacts posed by HF chemicals.
Guangji Hu; Manjot Kaur; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. Fuzzy clustering analysis of hydraulic fracturing additives for environmental and human health risk mitigation. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2018, 21, 39 -53.
AMA StyleGuangji Hu, Manjot Kaur, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq. Fuzzy clustering analysis of hydraulic fracturing additives for environmental and human health risk mitigation. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2018; 21 (1):39-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangji Hu; Manjot Kaur; Kasun Hewage; Rehan Sadiq. 2018. "Fuzzy clustering analysis of hydraulic fracturing additives for environmental and human health risk mitigation." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 21, no. 1: 39-53.