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Dr. Md. Asraful Alam
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University

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0 Biomass
0 lignocellulose
0 Biofuel
0 Biochemical

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Short Biography

Md. Asraful Alam, PhD is an Associate Professor at School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China. Before he worked as a Post Doctorate Researcher in Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion-Chinese Academy of Sciences . His current research focuses on the microalgae and other lignocellulosic biomass to make them feasible for biofuels and other high value commodity applications.

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Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Bioresource Technology
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The full utilization of carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass is essential for an efficient biorefining process. In this study, co-fermentation was performed for processing ethanol and succinic from sugarcane bagasse. By optimizing the co-fermentation conditions, nutrition and feeding strategies, a novel process was developed to make full utilization of the glucose and xylose in the hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse. The achieved concentrations of succinic acid and ethanol reached to 22.1 and 22.0 g/L, respectively, and could realize the conversion of 100 g SCB raw material into 8.6 g ethanol and 8.7 g succinic acid. It is worth mentioning that the CO2 released from S. cerevisiae in co-fermentation system was recycled by A. succinogenes to synthesize succinic acid, realized CO2 emission reduction in the process of lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery. This study provided a clue for efficient biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass and reduction greenhouse gas emissions.

ACS Style

Chao Xu; Asraful Alam; Zhongming Wang; Yuande Peng; Chunliang Xie; Wenbing Gong; Qi Yang; Shushi Huang; Wei Zhuang; Jingliang Xu. Co-fermentation of succinic acid and ethanol from sugarcane bagasse based on full hexose and pentose utilization and carbon dioxide reduction. Bioresource Technology 2021, 339, 125578 .

AMA Style

Chao Xu, Asraful Alam, Zhongming Wang, Yuande Peng, Chunliang Xie, Wenbing Gong, Qi Yang, Shushi Huang, Wei Zhuang, Jingliang Xu. Co-fermentation of succinic acid and ethanol from sugarcane bagasse based on full hexose and pentose utilization and carbon dioxide reduction. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 339 ():125578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao Xu; Asraful Alam; Zhongming Wang; Yuande Peng; Chunliang Xie; Wenbing Gong; Qi Yang; Shushi Huang; Wei Zhuang; Jingliang Xu. 2021. "Co-fermentation of succinic acid and ethanol from sugarcane bagasse based on full hexose and pentose utilization and carbon dioxide reduction." Bioresource Technology 339, no. : 125578.

Review article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Bioresource valorization to obtain valuable phenolic compounds for medicinal, nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic applications are critical for a current and future sustainable and bio-based economy. Renewable, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents are the newest and utmost environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents for the pretreatment and extraction of phenolic compounds. Recently, numerous studies have focused on phenolic compound extraction using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as solvents or catalysts. Process variable optimization has been reported in terms of kinetic modeling and mechanisms involved in phenolic compounds extraction. This paper describes the cutting-edge methods used to extract phenolic compounds from different bio-based sources using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. In addition, the factors affecting, kinetic models, and mechanisms involved in phenolic compound extraction using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents are thoroughly summarized. Moreover, future predictions, challenges, and anticipated growth in this field are addressed and can be used for biomass valorization.

ACS Style

Asraful Alam; Gul Muhammad; M. Nuruzzaman Khan; M. Mofijur; Yongkun Lv; Wenlong Xiong; Jingliang Xu. Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the isolation of phenolic compounds from biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 309, 127445 .

AMA Style

Asraful Alam, Gul Muhammad, M. Nuruzzaman Khan, M. Mofijur, Yongkun Lv, Wenlong Xiong, Jingliang Xu. Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the isolation of phenolic compounds from biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 309 ():127445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asraful Alam; Gul Muhammad; M. Nuruzzaman Khan; M. Mofijur; Yongkun Lv; Wenlong Xiong; Jingliang Xu. 2021. "Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the isolation of phenolic compounds from biomass." Journal of Cleaner Production 309, no. : 127445.

Review
Published: 08 April 2021 in Molecules
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The recently emerged COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has adversely affected the whole world. As a significant public health threat, it has spread worldwide. Scientists and global health experts are collaborating to find and execute speedy diagnostics, robust and highly effective vaccines, and therapeutic techniques to tackle COVID-19. The ocean is an immense source of biologically active molecules and/or compounds with antiviral-associated biopharmaceutical and immunostimulatory attributes. Some specific algae-derived molecules can be used to produce antibodies and vaccines to treat the COVID-19 disease. Algae have successfully synthesized several metabolites as natural defense compounds that enable them to survive under extreme environments. Several algae-derived bioactive molecules and/or compounds can be used against many diseases, including microbial and viral infections. Moreover, some algae species can also improve immunity and suppress human viral activity. Therefore, they may be recommended for use as a preventive remedy against COVID-19. Considering the above critiques and unique attributes, herein, we aimed to systematically assess algae-derived, biologically active molecules that could be used against this disease by looking at their natural sources, mechanisms of action, and prior pharmacological uses. This review also serves as a starting point for this research area to accelerate the establishment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 bioproducts.

ACS Style

Asraful Alam; Roberto Parra-Saldivar; Muhammad Bilal; Chowdhury Afroze; Nasir Ahmed; Hafiz Iqbal; Jingliang Xu. Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2021, 26, 2134 .

AMA Style

Asraful Alam, Roberto Parra-Saldivar, Muhammad Bilal, Chowdhury Afroze, Nasir Ahmed, Hafiz Iqbal, Jingliang Xu. Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Molecules. 2021; 26 (8):2134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asraful Alam; Roberto Parra-Saldivar; Muhammad Bilal; Chowdhury Afroze; Nasir Ahmed; Hafiz Iqbal; Jingliang Xu. 2021. "Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2." Molecules 26, no. 8: 2134.

Review article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Biodiesel is considered as a potential substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel owing to its comparable properties to diesel. Biodiesel is generally produced from renewable sources such as agricultural products and microalgae in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Recently ionic liquid (IL) catalyzed synthesis of biodiesel has become a promising pathway to an eco-friendly production route for biodiesel. This review focuses on the use of ILs both as solvents as well as catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production from agricultural feedstocks and microalgae with high free fatty acid content. Reactions catalyzed by ILs are known to render high reactivity under the mild condition and high selectivity of ester product with simple separation steps. The article first discusses the state of the art of biodiesel production using ILs along with the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel. Then, current IL technologies were elucidated in terms of the categories such as acidic and basic ILs. The use of more advanced ILs such as supported ionic liquids and ionic liquid-enzyme catalysts on different biodiesel feedstocks were also discussed. Furthermore, the role of IL catalyst in intensified biodiesel production methods such as microwave and ultrasound technologies were also discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of IL catalyzed biodiesel production are discussed in this article. The review shows that ILs with brønsted acidity or basicity not only pose a low risk to the environment but also result in high biodiesel yields with mild reaction conditions in a short time. Brønsted acidic ILs can convert free fatty acids as well as triglycerides to biodiesel without the need for pretreatment, which facilitates in reducing the production cost of biodiesel. From the review, it can be concluded that ILs present great potential as catalysts for biodiesel production.

ACS Style

Hwai Chyuan Ong; Yong Wei Tiong; Brandon Han Hoe Goh; Yong Yang Gan; M. Mofijur; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; Cheng Tung Chong; Asraful Alam; Hwei Voon Lee; A.S. Silitonga; T.M.I Mahlia. Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 228, 113647 .

AMA Style

Hwai Chyuan Ong, Yong Wei Tiong, Brandon Han Hoe Goh, Yong Yang Gan, M. Mofijur, I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, Cheng Tung Chong, Asraful Alam, Hwei Voon Lee, A.S. Silitonga, T.M.I Mahlia. Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 228 ():113647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hwai Chyuan Ong; Yong Wei Tiong; Brandon Han Hoe Goh; Yong Yang Gan; M. Mofijur; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; Cheng Tung Chong; Asraful Alam; Hwei Voon Lee; A.S. Silitonga; T.M.I Mahlia. 2020. "Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges." Energy Conversion and Management 228, no. : 113647.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The present study investigated the relationship between the transmission of COVID-19 infections and climate indicators in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using coronavirus infections data available from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. The Spearman rank correlation test was carried out to study the association of seven climate indicators, including humidity, air quality, minimum temperature, precipitation, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and wind speed with the COVID-19 outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study found that, among the seven indicators, only two indicators (minimum temperature and average temperature) had a significant relationship with new COVID-19 cases. The study also found that air quality index (AQI) had a strong negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Dhaka city. The results of this paper will give health regulators and policymakers valuable information to lessen the COVID-19 spread in Dhaka and other countries around the world.

ACS Style

M. Mofijur; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; A.B.M. Saiful Islam; M.N. Uddin; S.M. Ashrafur Rahman; M.A. Chowdhury; Asraful Alam; Alhaz Uddin. Relationship between Weather Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8319 .

AMA Style

M. Mofijur, I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, A.B.M. Saiful Islam, M.N. Uddin, S.M. Ashrafur Rahman, M.A. Chowdhury, Asraful Alam, Alhaz Uddin. Relationship between Weather Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Mofijur; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; A.B.M. Saiful Islam; M.N. Uddin; S.M. Ashrafur Rahman; M.A. Chowdhury; Asraful Alam; Alhaz Uddin. 2020. "Relationship between Weather Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8319.

Review article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Microalgae have been widely explored because of the diverse number of their worthwhile applications and potential as a source biomass for the production of biofuels and value-added materials. However, downstream techniques have yet to be fully developed to overcome techno-economic barriers. Flocculation is a superior method for harvesting microalgae from growth medium because of its harvesting efficiency, economic feasibility. Various kind of bio-flocculation harvesting methods are consider as attractive low cost and environmentally friendly options and able to harvest >90% biomass. Lipid recovery from microalgal cells is a major barrier for the biofuel industry because of process complexity and algae cell structure. Thus, the pretreatment method is necessary to disrupt the cell walls of microalgae and enhance lipid extraction. Many techniques, including dry methods of extraction, are already being implemented but found out that they are not efficient and cost-effective. Various new wet harvesting strategies have been claimed to extract major lipids in cost-efficient (30% less than conventional) way as wet technologies can eliminate the cost of cell drying and associated instruments. It is necessary to develop new methods which are energy and cost-effective, and environmentally friendlier for the commercialization of biofuels. Therefore, this review presents the advances in the progress of various flocculation harvesting methods with special emphasis on innovative bio-flocculation, the underlying mechanism of microalgae and flocculation. In this study also summarize the recent progress on microalgal oil extraction processes, and comparison was made between the processes in terms of sustainability, technology readiness, and applications in larger scales.

ACS Style

Gul Muhammad; Asraful Alam; M. Mofijur; M.I. Jahirul; Yongkun Lv; Wenlong Xiong; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Jingliang Xu. Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 135, 110209 .

AMA Style

Gul Muhammad, Asraful Alam, M. Mofijur, M.I. Jahirul, Yongkun Lv, Wenlong Xiong, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Jingliang Xu. Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 135 ():110209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gul Muhammad; Asraful Alam; M. Mofijur; M.I. Jahirul; Yongkun Lv; Wenlong Xiong; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Jingliang Xu. 2020. "Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 135, no. : 110209.

Original article
Published: 05 July 2020 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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The present study emphasized the enhancement of microalgal productivity and quality (e.g., biochemical composition) using different colored photobioreactors (PBRs) exposed to ambient conditions. In this study, a unique approach had been applied to evaluate the microalgae co-culture (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus simris002) growth by exposing the colored transparent photobioreactors (white, blue, and green) to sunlight using a nutrient-rich (N, P) anaerobic reactor effluent produced after the treatment of domestic wastewater. Experimental results suggested that the white PBR increased the microalgae productivity by 2.3 to 3.5 times than blue and green PBRs, respectively. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed better quality microalgae (i.e., higher IR spectra) produced in white PBR compared with that of blue and green PBRs, respectively. Moreover, the microalgae cultivated in white PBR also showed high lipid content (38%) with the dominant biodiesel FAME composition (C16-C18) of 68.6%.

ACS Style

Khalekuzzaman; Sadib Bin Kabir; Bashirul Islam; Pingki Datta; Asraful Alam; Jingliang Xu. Enhancing microalgal productivity and quality by different colored photobioreactors for biodiesel production using anaerobic reactor effluent. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2020, 11, 767 -779.

AMA Style

Khalekuzzaman, Sadib Bin Kabir, Bashirul Islam, Pingki Datta, Asraful Alam, Jingliang Xu. Enhancing microalgal productivity and quality by different colored photobioreactors for biodiesel production using anaerobic reactor effluent. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2020; 11 (3):767-779.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khalekuzzaman; Sadib Bin Kabir; Bashirul Islam; Pingki Datta; Asraful Alam; Jingliang Xu. 2020. "Enhancing microalgal productivity and quality by different colored photobioreactors for biodiesel production using anaerobic reactor effluent." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 11, no. 3: 767-779.

Review
Published: 22 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Water shortage is one of the leading global problems along with the depletion of energy resources and environmental deterioration. Recent industrialization, global mobility, and increasing population have adversely affected the freshwater resources. The wastewater sources are categorized as domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents and their disposal into water bodies poses a harmful impact on human and animal health due to the presence of higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, heavy metals and other organic/inorganic pollutants. Several conventional treatment methods have been employed, but none of those can be termed as a universal method due to their high cost, less efficiency, and non-environment friendly nature. Alternatively, wastewater treatment using microalgae (phycoremediation) offers several advantages over chemical-based treatment methods. Microalgae cultivation using wastewater offers the highest atmospheric carbon fixation rate (1.83 kg CO2/kg of biomass) and fastest biomass productivity (40–50% higher than terrestrial crops) among all terrestrial bio-remediators with concomitant pollutant removal (80–100%). Moreover, the algal biomass may contain high-value metabolites including omega-3-fatty acids, pigments, amino acids, and high sugar content. Hence, after extraction of high-value compounds, residual biomass can be either directly converted to energy through thermochemical transformation or can be used to produce biofuels through biological fermentation or transesterification. This review highlights the recent advances in microalgal biotechnology to establish a biorefinery approach to treat wastewater. The articulation of wastewater treatment facilities with microalgal biorefinery, the use of microalgal consortia, the possible merits, and demerits of phycoremediation are also discussed. The impact of wastewater-derived nutrient stress and its exploitation to modify the algal metabolite content in view of future concerns of cost-benefit ratios of algal biorefineries is also highlighted.

ACS Style

Ayesha Shahid; Sana Malik; Hui Zhu; Jianren Xu; Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz; Shahid Nawaz; Asraful Alam; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 704, 135303 .

AMA Style

Ayesha Shahid, Sana Malik, Hui Zhu, Jianren Xu, Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz, Shahid Nawaz, Asraful Alam, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 704 ():135303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayesha Shahid; Sana Malik; Hui Zhu; Jianren Xu; Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz; Shahid Nawaz; Asraful Alam; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. 2019. "Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review." Science of The Total Environment 704, no. : 135303.

Review
Published: 21 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Development of renewable and clean energy as well as bio-based fine chemicals technologies are the keys to overcome the problems such as fossil depletion, global warming, and environment pollution. To date, cultivation of microalgae using wastewater is regarded as a promising approach for simultaneous nutrients bioremediation and biofuels production due to their high photosynthesis efficiency and environmental benefits. However, the efficiency of nutrients removal and biomass production strongly depends on wastewater properties and microalgae species. Moreover, the high production cost is still the largest limitation to the commercialization of microalgae biofuels. In this review paper, the state-of-the-art algae species employed in livestock farm wastes have been summarized. Further, microalgae cultivation systems and impact factors in livestock wastewater to microalgae growth have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, technologies reported for microalgal biomass harvesting and CO2 mass transfer enhancement in the coupling process were presented and discussed. Finally, this article discusses the potential benefits and challenges of coupling nutrient bioremediation, CO2 capture, and microalgal production. Possible engineering measures for cost-effective nutrients removal, carbon fixation, microalgal biofuels and bioproducts production are also proposed.

ACS Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Shijie Liu; Jinliang Xu; Roberto Parra Saldivar. Critical processes and variables in microalgae biomass production coupled with bioremediation of nutrients and CO2 from livestock farms: A review. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 716, 135247 .

AMA Style

Weidong Lu, Asraful Alam, Shijie Liu, Jinliang Xu, Roberto Parra Saldivar. Critical processes and variables in microalgae biomass production coupled with bioremediation of nutrients and CO2 from livestock farms: A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 716 ():135247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Shijie Liu; Jinliang Xu; Roberto Parra Saldivar. 2019. "Critical processes and variables in microalgae biomass production coupled with bioremediation of nutrients and CO2 from livestock farms: A review." Science of The Total Environment 716, no. : 135247.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Bioresource Technology
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In present study, lipids were extracted from unbroken microalga Chlorella vulgaris with high water content (50% microalgal solution) through three-phase partitioning (TPP). The method was found to extract around 15.9% of total lipid transformable to methyl esters (LTMEs) from unbroken microalgal cells which is two times of Bligh and Dyer method. We investigated the effects of various parameters on TPP performance and were optimised through response surface methodology. The results indicated that incubation duration, temperature and extraction time were positively correlated with LTME extraction efficiency. The optimum temperature was 60 °C, incubation duration was 120 min, extraction time was 60 min, ratio of solvent to DKP was 1:1. The FAME yield was calculated as 12.05% and major fatty acids together accounted for 71.33% which indicated the great potential of the proposed lipid extraction procedure for microalga-based biodiesel production.

ACS Style

Asraful Alam; Jingcheng Wu; Jingliang Xu; Zhongming Wang. Enhanced isolation of lipids from microalgal biomass with high water content for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology 2019, 291, 121834 .

AMA Style

Asraful Alam, Jingcheng Wu, Jingliang Xu, Zhongming Wang. Enhanced isolation of lipids from microalgal biomass with high water content for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology. 2019; 291 ():121834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asraful Alam; Jingcheng Wu; Jingliang Xu; Zhongming Wang. 2019. "Enhanced isolation of lipids from microalgal biomass with high water content for biodiesel production." Bioresource Technology 291, no. : 121834.

Chapter
Published: 01 May 2019 in Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment
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Microalgae are promising eco-friendly source of food, feed, biofuels, and chemicals. There has been substantial progress at the lab and industrial scales to develop efficient and sustainable microalgae culturing techniques. However, several constraints must be addressed to make the overall process economically viable. Chemo-genetics elements can play a pivotal role in achieving the commercial goals because microalgae grow more efficiently in high concentrations of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon in addition to enhance by-product formation. Moreover, alteration in culturing conditions also activates lipid accumulation. Recent strategies have combined these approaches to enhance lipid accumulation and along with enhanced biomass productivity. It is necessary to optimize inoculum production and culture management to avoid contamination, especially at commercial scales. Furthermore, prevailing outdoor conditions of rainfall, variable temperature, and irradiation, which are entirely different from small lab-scale facilities, pose additional challenges during outdoor cultivation. This chapter highlights the nutritional requirements of culturing media and their impact along with possible challenges on microalgae cultivation to ensure the stable and high productivities of large-scale cultures. Media recycling not only reduces the dependency on freshwater but also increases the economic viability of the process. Recent advances regarding media recycling and strategies to control biological contaminants are also discussed.

ACS Style

Ayesha Shahid; Sana Malik; Asraful Alam; Nazia Nahid; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. The Culture Technology for Freshwater and Marine Microalgae. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment 2019, 21 -44.

AMA Style

Ayesha Shahid, Sana Malik, Asraful Alam, Nazia Nahid, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. The Culture Technology for Freshwater and Marine Microalgae. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment. 2019; ():21-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayesha Shahid; Sana Malik; Asraful Alam; Nazia Nahid; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood. 2019. "The Culture Technology for Freshwater and Marine Microalgae." Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment , no. : 21-44.

Chapter
Published: 01 May 2019 in Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment
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The characterisation of microalgae is based on features, such as morphology, cell ultrastructure, pigments, photosynthetic products, reproduction, growth patterns, biomass and cellular proximate composition. These features are essential in identification, isolation, selection and cultivation of various microalgae for nutrition and as renewable resources, such as biofuels and biochemicals for human and animals. Although various methods have been used to isolate, select and monitor the growth of microalgal strain as described in the literature, few methods have limitations and not appropriately presented to users. Reviewing the standardised and validated methods for isolating and evaluating the characteristics of microalgae and providing a complete and simple report for the end users are necessary. This study aims to provide a complete and easily accessible guideline with all necessary standards and validated laboratory methods related to applied phycology, which can be used as reference by students and researchers who handle microalgae. In this chapter, major standard techniques for isolation and selection and calculation methods for monitoring microalgal growth are discussed with substantial number of flow charts and diagrams as the working manual in the field of applied phycology. The information provided in this chapter will be helpful for any users from the laboratory for the biomass production of commercial scale microalgae.

ACS Style

Asraful Alam; Gul Muhammad; Abdul Rehman; Mohammad Russel; Mahfuzur Shah; Zhongming Wang. Standard Techniques and Methods for Isolating, Selecting and Monitoring the Growth of Microalgal Strain. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment 2019, 75 -93.

AMA Style

Asraful Alam, Gul Muhammad, Abdul Rehman, Mohammad Russel, Mahfuzur Shah, Zhongming Wang. Standard Techniques and Methods for Isolating, Selecting and Monitoring the Growth of Microalgal Strain. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment. 2019; ():75-93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asraful Alam; Gul Muhammad; Abdul Rehman; Mohammad Russel; Mahfuzur Shah; Zhongming Wang. 2019. "Standard Techniques and Methods for Isolating, Selecting and Monitoring the Growth of Microalgal Strain." Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment , no. : 75-93.

Chapter
Published: 01 May 2019 in Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment
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Microalgal biomass offers sustainable and carbon-efficient alternative for biofuel production. Biofuels from microalgae feature considerable potential to meet future challenges of carbon dioxide-neutral energy supply and storage. To obtain microalgal biomass, major requirements, including the supply of light and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous), maintenance of adequate culture conditions (pH and temperature) and mixing, should be considered. Proper designs of open pond and photobioreactors are the key link that should meet the growth requirement conditions of microalgae. In this review, the identifying characteristic parameters, advantages and disadvantages of open pond reactors and a variety of closed reactors, the design principles and process management for microalgal biomass production were revised. In addition, computational fluid dynamics modelling of both open pond and closed bioreactors was discussed. Technological advancement, automation and manufacturer information were also summarised.

ACS Style

Lei Qin; Asraful Alam; Zhongming Wang. Open Pond Culture Systems and Photobioreactors for Microalgal Biofuel Production. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment 2019, 45 -74.

AMA Style

Lei Qin, Asraful Alam, Zhongming Wang. Open Pond Culture Systems and Photobioreactors for Microalgal Biofuel Production. Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment. 2019; ():45-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Qin; Asraful Alam; Zhongming Wang. 2019. "Open Pond Culture Systems and Photobioreactors for Microalgal Biofuel Production." Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment , no. : 45-74.

Research article
Published: 09 January 2019 in International Journal of Polymer Science
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In this work, different kinds of ionic liquids and reaction conditions for the extraction of lipid from microalgae biomass were optimized and repeated use of ionic liquids for microalgal lipid extraction was evaluated. Morphological changes of microalgae cells were compared in terms of pre- and post-treatment to understand the mechanisms of ionic liquid treatment. Ionic liquid [BMIM][MeSO4] showed the best lipid extraction efficiency at 70°C and with reaction time of 2 hours. The ratios (ILs : methanol) of 1 : 7 and 1 : 3 were the optimum ratios to complete the extraction of the lipids from microalgae. The initial 50% volume fraction of [BMIM][MeSO4] was 16.04% of dry weight, which showed the highest five average extraction rates. The loss of ionic liquid in the reaction system and the increase in water content of ionic liquids were considered as the main reasons for the decrease in the extraction rate. It is suggested that the potential of lipid extraction in this IL-methanol co-solvent system is promising due to the high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and other characteristics.

ACS Style

Weizheng Zhou; Zhongming Wang; Asraful Alam; Jingliang Xu; Shunni Zhu; Zhenhong Yuan; Shuhao Huo; Ying Guo; Lei Qin; Longlong Ma. Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass. International Journal of Polymer Science 2019, 2019, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Weizheng Zhou, Zhongming Wang, Asraful Alam, Jingliang Xu, Shunni Zhu, Zhenhong Yuan, Shuhao Huo, Ying Guo, Lei Qin, Longlong Ma. Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2019; 2019 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weizheng Zhou; Zhongming Wang; Asraful Alam; Jingliang Xu; Shunni Zhu; Zhenhong Yuan; Shuhao Huo; Ying Guo; Lei Qin; Longlong Ma. 2019. "Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019, no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy
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ACS Style

Wen Luo; Ng He; Junying Fu; Pengmei Lv; Zhenhong Yuan; Asraful Alam; Zhiyuan Wang; ShaoWei Huang. Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase (Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, Vol. 12(4), pp. 330–338 (2018)). Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 2018, 12, 572 -572.

AMA Style

Wen Luo, Ng He, Junying Fu, Pengmei Lv, Zhenhong Yuan, Asraful Alam, Zhiyuan Wang, ShaoWei Huang. Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase (Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, Vol. 12(4), pp. 330–338 (2018)). Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 2018; 12 (6):572-572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen Luo; Ng He; Junying Fu; Pengmei Lv; Zhenhong Yuan; Asraful Alam; Zhiyuan Wang; ShaoWei Huang. 2018. "Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase (Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, Vol. 12(4), pp. 330–338 (2018))." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 12, no. 6: 572-572.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2018 in Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
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Deacidification is a dispensable procedure prior to alkali catalyzed transestrification of acidic oil for biodiesel production. In this study, effect of microwave irradiation on sulfonated granular activated carbon (SGAC) catalyzed deacidification of acidic oil was evaluated. Process variables of deacidification were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that microwave irradiation could enhance deacidification efficiency in comparison with conventional heating and a significant mathematical model was obtained to predict deacidification rate of acidified oil catalyzed by SGAC under microwave heating. Optimum process variables were achieved according to the mathematical model, they were reaction temperature 65 °C, methanol to oil ration 2 (wt/wt), and catalyst loading 5.0 % (wt% oil mass). Finally, the optimum process variables were confirmed by experiments, in which average deacidification rate of 93.26% was obtained.

ACS Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Chaosheng Wu; Zhongming Wang; Haoping Wei. Enhanced deacidification of acidic oil catalyzed by sulfonated granular activated carbon using microwave irradiation for biodiesel production. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2018, 135, 168 -174.

AMA Style

Weidong Lu, Asraful Alam, Chaosheng Wu, Zhongming Wang, Haoping Wei. Enhanced deacidification of acidic oil catalyzed by sulfonated granular activated carbon using microwave irradiation for biodiesel production. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification. 2018; 135 ():168-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Chaosheng Wu; Zhongming Wang; Haoping Wei. 2018. "Enhanced deacidification of acidic oil catalyzed by sulfonated granular activated carbon using microwave irradiation for biodiesel production." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 135, no. : 168-174.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2018 in Bioresource Technology
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Aerobic composting is an effective way to dispose of organic waste. However, considerable carbon is converted into CO2 and emitted into the atmosphere, which is a waste of the carbon resource and has the potential for the greenhouse gas effect. In this study, an innovative approach coupling aerobic composting exhaust and Spirulina platensis cultivation has been proposed and investigated, resulting in a double-edged solution to mitigating waste and co-generating biomass with a minimal cost of CO2 supplied in the culture. Experimental results showed that the maximum biomass productivity ranged from 56.61 to 58.38 mg·L-1·day–1 was achieved using aerobic composting exhaust as a carbon source. Moreover, the CO2 fixation rates of 46.36 mg·L-1·day-1 and 76.81mg·L-1·day-1 were obtained by S. platensis cultivation. Finally, the chemical composition analysis of S. platensis biomass obtained in an optimum condition showed an abundance of proteins and lipids, thereby indicating its great potential for biofuel industry.

ACS Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Wenshi Luo; Eylem Asmatulu. Integrating Spirulina platensis cultivation and aerobic composting exhaust for carbon mitigation and biomass production. Bioresource Technology 2018, 271, 59 -65.

AMA Style

Weidong Lu, Asraful Alam, Wenshi Luo, Eylem Asmatulu. Integrating Spirulina platensis cultivation and aerobic composting exhaust for carbon mitigation and biomass production. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 271 ():59-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Lu; Asraful Alam; Wenshi Luo; Eylem Asmatulu. 2018. "Integrating Spirulina platensis cultivation and aerobic composting exhaust for carbon mitigation and biomass production." Bioresource Technology 271, no. : 59-65.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy
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Propeptide functions as an intramolecular chaperone required for the folding and correct secretion of protein. Changes in propeptide can induce enzymes with different structure and activity. Rhizomucor miehei lipase is an important industrial enzyme, which has been studied by directed evolution of its propeptide in prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) expression system. It's worth mentioning, Rhizomucor miehei lipase is a eukaryotic protein and it tends to be easier to folded correctly and keep its activity when expressed in a eukaryotic system. Effects of propeptide on the mature peptide in eukaryotic and prokaryotic system are different. Thus in this study, directed evolution of its propeptide using error-prone PCR and combinatorial mutagenesis was performed in Pichia pastoris (eukaryotic system) express system. Seven mutants those showed improved activity or stability of Rhizomucor miehei lipase were obtained and properties of the recombinant lipase were analyzed. The results showed that the propeptide had a great influence on the structure, activity and stability of lipases. This effect may relate to the presence of mutations in conserved regions, as well as specific interactions between propeptide and correlated functional domains of Rhizomucor miehei lipase during the process of protein folding. Therefore, we suggest that directed evolution of propeptide is an innovative strategy towards the change of spatial construction and properties of protein.

ACS Style

Wen Luo; Ng He; Junying Fu; Pengmei Lv; Zhenhong Yuan; Asraful Alam; Zhiyuan Wang; ShaoWei Huang. Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 2018, 12, 330 -338.

AMA Style

Wen Luo, Ng He, Junying Fu, Pengmei Lv, Zhenhong Yuan, Asraful Alam, Zhiyuan Wang, ShaoWei Huang. Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 2018; 12 (4):330-338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen Luo; Ng He; Junying Fu; Pengmei Lv; Zhenhong Yuan; Asraful Alam; Zhiyuan Wang; ShaoWei Huang. 2018. "Effect of Propeptide Variation on Properties of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 12, no. 4: 330-338.

Research article
Published: 26 April 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Much endeavor has been dispensed recently to evaluate the potential of CO2 mitigation by microalgae. We introduce an alternative, novel, LED-illumination isothermal microcalorimetric method to assess the thermodynamic behaviors of microalgae for better understanding of their carbon sequestration capacity. Microalgae thermodynamic behaviors were recorded as power-time curves, and their indices such as total heat evolution (QT ), maximum power output (Pmax) and heat generated by per algae cell (JN/Q ) were obtained. The values for highest (74.80 g L−1) and control sample (0.00 g L−1) of QT , Pmax and JN/Q were 20.85 and 2.32 J; 252.17 and 57.67 μW; 7.91 × −06 and 8.80 × −07 J cell−1, respectively. According to the values of QT , a general order to promote the CO2 sequestration was found at 74.8 g L−1 > 29.92 g L−1 > 14.96 g L−1 > 7.48 g L−1 > 0 g L−1 of C sources, which directly corresponded to carbon availability in the growth medium. Chlorella vulgaris GIEC-179 showed the highest peak Pmax at 74.8 g L−1 concentration which was directly transformed to their biomass during bio-fixation of CO2 process. This study is applicable for better understanding of CO2 fixation performance of algae.

ACS Style

Mohammad Russel; Changrui Liu; Asraful Alam; Fei Wang; Jun Yao; Maurycy Daroch; Mahfuzur Rahman Shah; Zhongming Wang. Exploring an in situ LED-illuminated isothermal micro-calorimetric method to investigating the thermodynamic behavior of Chlorella vulgaris during CO2 bio-fixation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 18519 -18527.

AMA Style

Mohammad Russel, Changrui Liu, Asraful Alam, Fei Wang, Jun Yao, Maurycy Daroch, Mahfuzur Rahman Shah, Zhongming Wang. Exploring an in situ LED-illuminated isothermal micro-calorimetric method to investigating the thermodynamic behavior of Chlorella vulgaris during CO2 bio-fixation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (19):18519-18527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Russel; Changrui Liu; Asraful Alam; Fei Wang; Jun Yao; Maurycy Daroch; Mahfuzur Rahman Shah; Zhongming Wang. 2018. "Exploring an in situ LED-illuminated isothermal micro-calorimetric method to investigating the thermodynamic behavior of Chlorella vulgaris during CO2 bio-fixation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 19: 18519-18527.

Journals
Published: 19 March 2018 in RSC Advances
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A novel carbon-based catalyst with high catalytic ability and xylose selectivity was prepared from sodium lignosulfonate.

ACS Style

Xun Li; Fengyao Shu; Chao He; Shuna Liu; Noppol Leksawasdi; Qiong Wang; Wei Qi; Asraful Alam; Zhenhong Yuan; Yi Gao. Preparation and investigation of highly selective solid acid catalysts with sodium lignosulfonate for hydrolysis of hemicellulose in corncob. RSC Advances 2018, 8, 10922 -10929.

AMA Style

Xun Li, Fengyao Shu, Chao He, Shuna Liu, Noppol Leksawasdi, Qiong Wang, Wei Qi, Asraful Alam, Zhenhong Yuan, Yi Gao. Preparation and investigation of highly selective solid acid catalysts with sodium lignosulfonate for hydrolysis of hemicellulose in corncob. RSC Advances. 2018; 8 (20):10922-10929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xun Li; Fengyao Shu; Chao He; Shuna Liu; Noppol Leksawasdi; Qiong Wang; Wei Qi; Asraful Alam; Zhenhong Yuan; Yi Gao. 2018. "Preparation and investigation of highly selective solid acid catalysts with sodium lignosulfonate for hydrolysis of hemicellulose in corncob." RSC Advances 8, no. 20: 10922-10929.