Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is considered to be suitable for cell viability testing. In our study, GFP transfected A549 lung carcinoma cell line was treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), cycloheximide (CHX) and ochratoxin A (OTA). GFP fluorescence, intracellular ATP, nucleic acid and protein contents were quantified by a luminescence microplate assay developed in our laboratory. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the findings and to assess the intensity of GFP during different types of cell death. A 24 h NaF and CHX exposure caused a dramatic decrease in ATP contents (p < 0.05) compared with those of the controls. GFP fluorescence of the cells was in close correlation with total protein; however, GFP/ATP increased at NaF and decreased at CHX treatments (p < 0.05). ATP/protein and ATP/propidium iodide (PI) were largely decreased at NaF exposure in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05), while CHX and OTA showed markedly fewer effects. Both treatments caused apoptosis/necrosis at different rates. NaF induced mainly late apoptosis while OTA, mainly apoptosis. CHX effects varied by the incubation time with 100-fold elevation in late apoptotic cells at 24 h treatment. GFP intensity did not show a significant difference between live and apoptotic populations. Our results suggest when using GFP, a multiparametric assay is necessary for more precise interpretation of cell viability.

The course of COVID-19 is highly dependent on the associated cardiometabolic comorbidities of the patient, which worsen the prognosis of coronavirus infection, mainly due to systemic inflammation, endothelium dysfunction, and thrombosis. A search on the recent medical literature was performed in five languages, using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, for the review of data regarding the management of patients with a high risk for severe COVID-19, focusing on the associated coagulopathy. Special features of COVID-19 management are presented, based on the underlying conditions (obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases), emphasizing the necessity of a modern, holistic approach to thromboembolic states. The latest findings regarding the most efficient therapeutic approaches are included in the article, offering guidance for medical professionals in severe, complicated cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We can conclude that severe COVID-19 is closely related to vascular inflammation and intense cytokine release leading to hemostasis disorders. Overweight, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, and old age are important risk factors for severe outcomes of coronavirus infection, involving a hypercoagulable state. Early diagnosis and proper therapy in complicated SARS-CoV-2-infected cases could reduce mortality and the need for intensive care during hospitalization in patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Coffee is a very popular psychoactive beverage with a complex composition. Besides its stimulant effect due to caffeine, it contains several bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties and potent metabolic activity. Its clinical efficacy is fundamentally determined by the bioavailability and metabolic fate of its constituents. The bioactive components of coffee, such as polyphenols, melanoidins, phytosterols, biogenic amines, and carotenoids, have notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. This review aims to present the main bioactive components of coffee, their biological effects, mechanisms of action, and the influence of preparation methods and individual variability on metabolic outcomes in common chronic diseases. The data are synthesized from clinical, prospective, and interventional studies to examine how processing variables and biological metabolism influence the health-promoting potential of coffee antioxidants. Brewing methods like hot filtration optimize the extraction of these antioxidants. Individual clinical outcomes are further modulated by genetic polymorphisms and gut microbiota variability, which influence the activation of the cellular Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway.

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak exerted a serious effect on healthcare. Between 1st of January and May 31, 2020 due to the special regulations in Hungary, the number of reported COVID-19 infections were relatively low (3876 cases). The inpatient and outpatient care and the blood supply were significantly affected by the implemented regulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of blood products amid the first five months of the pandemic situation. This investigation has observed a significant reduction of hospitalizations (37.35%). Analyzing individually the included units, pre-transfusion hemoglobin concentrations of transfused patients presented slight modifications, which were not statistically significant. The special regulations resulted major changes in the frequency of diagnoses at admissions in case of the Department of Surgery, while in case of the other specialities (Division of Hematology and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy), there were no major changes compared to pre-pandemic period. Considering each department separately, transfused red blood cell concentrates (RBC) per patient, and the proportion of transfused patients did not change significantly. However, the combination of these modifications resulted in the significant decrease in RBC transfusions (p < 0.0001) compared to the pre-pandemic baseline. With regard to platelet and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), their usage was significantly reduced (44.40% platelet concentrates and 34.27% FFP). Our results indicate that the pandemic had an important effect on the blood product usage at the included departments by introducing different patient care policies and the temporary deferral of the elective surgical interventions. Despite the challenging circumstances of blood collection and blood product supply, the hospitalized patients received adequate care.

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted healthcare systems and blood supply chains. This study aimed to analyze blood transfusion trends across three distinct clinical departments in a Hungarian tertiary care clinical center and to examine the relationship between these trends and the pandemic waves. Methods: A retrospective analysis of hospitalization and transfusion data from the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Surgery, and the Division of Hematology at the University of Pécs Clinical Centre was performed between 1 January 2020, and 31 December 2023. Generalized additive models were employed to assess the association between available predictors and the odds and volume of red blood cell transfusions. Results: At the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, the median weekly ratio of transfused patients fell from 50% (pre-pandemic) to 9.76% (third wave of pandemic). COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with lower odds of receiving transfusion (OR: 0.23) and with a lower incidence rate ratio of transfused red blood cells (IRR: 0.22). At the Department of Surgery, the median weekly ratio of transfused patients was consistently low and stable (9–10%) throughout the study period. The number of patients remained relatively stable at the Division of Hematology during the study period, expressing a higher odds of receiving transfusion during the second (OR: 2.63) and fourth (OR: 1.52) pandemic waves. Conclusions: The pandemic’s impact on transfusion practice, driven by indirect various consequences of patient redirection and protocol modifications, was most expressed at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. Similar changes in transfusion practice may be anticipated in the event of another pandemic outbreak.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies proved that metabolic changes in malignant disorders have an impact on protein glycosylation, however, only a few attempts have been made so far to use O-GlcNAc analysis as a prognostic tool. Glucose metabolism is reported to be altered in hematological malignancies thus, we hypothesized that monitoring intracellular O-GlcNAc levels in Rai stage 0-I (Binet A) CLL patients could give deeper insights regarding subtle metabolic changes of progression which are not completely detected by the routine follow-up procedures. OBJECTIVE: In this proof of concept study we established a flow cytometric detection method for the assessment of O-GlcNAcylation as a possible prognostic marker in CLL malignancy which was supported by fluorescence microscopy. METHODS: Healthy volunteers and CLL patients were recruited for this study. Lymphocytes were isolated, fixed and permeabilised by various methods to find the optimal experimental condition for O-GlcNAc detection by flow cytometry. O-GlcNAc levels were measured and compared to lymphocyte count and various blood parameters including plasma glucose level. RESULTS: The protocol we developed includes red blood cell lysis, formalin fixation, 0.1% Tween 20 permeabilisation and employs standardized cell number per sample and unstained controls. We have found significant correlation between O-GlcNAc levels and WBC (R2= 0.8535, p< 0.0029) and lymphocyte count (R2= 0.9225, p< 0.0006) in CLL patients. Interestingly, there was no such correlation in healthy individuals (R2= 0.05664 for O-GlcNAc vs WBC and R2= 0.04379 for O-GlcNAc vs lymphocytes). CONCLUSION: Analyzing O-GlcNAc changes in malignant disorders, specifically in malignant hematologic diseases such as CLL, could be a useful tool to monitor the progression of the disease.